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The aim of the paper is to point out a specific segment of education of children in Slovakia in the period of Socialism (1948–1989) through the example of confessional education of children in the environment of the secret Church. After the Second World War, a significant turnover in education occurred in Czechoslovakia under the impact of Soviet politics. Schools were nationalised, which in fact meant the disappearance of church schools and plurality in education. After the Communist coup in 1948, education was immediately reformed by the Education Act of 21 April 1948, which unified the system of education and made it a state monopoly with a pro-Soviet orientation. The socialist school was indoctrinated by the ideology of Marxism-Leninism; the content of education at all levels, as well as leisure time activities of children. Work with children and youth in a religious spirit was harshly punished and considered an anti-state activity. Therefore, in the period of political liberation in the 1960s (Prague Spring), the so-called secret Church started its activity. The paper is focused on an analysis of the model of working with children in the secret Church in Slovakia between 1973 and 1989 through the method of oral history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a profile of the September 23 Communist League on the basis of a sample of 203 files from the Federal Direction of Security (DFS) archive between 1973 and 1980. The armed group was largely composed by students aged between 15 and 30 years old, who came from urban areas such as Mexico City, Culiacán and Guadalajara. These areas were set up in an upright and compartmented structure that attempted to confront the Mexican State clandestinely. I also include a representative example of a brigade from Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the leadership qualities of Lieutenant Colonel Otto Skorzeny whose charteristic led to refer him as the "most dangerous man in Europe." It says that Skorzeny wa born on June 12, 1908 in Austria and joined the Austrian Nazi Party in 1931. It mentions that Skorzeny involved in planning the attack in the (Operation GREIF) Ardennes, Belgium in November 1944. Moreover, Skorzeny attempts to organize former SS members into an underground movement whose aim was to resist communism and help the evacuation of Western troops from Germany.

In the 1950s it wasn't only people wishing to live in freedom or searching for salvation from the repression of the Communist regime who streamed across the Iron Curtain -- so did those who had decided to take on the totalitarian regime. This most frequently occurred within the framework of Western organised intelligence groups. They sent into Czechoslovakia what were called couriers (the State Security dubbed them "cross-border agents"), tasked with espionage missions, building an illegal resistance network and leading persecuted individuals to safety. The ever more closely guarded frontier between the two worlds therefore became an exposed "front line" of the cold War. The study focuses on an event that took place on the Czech-Bavarian border on the night of 13 to 14 July 1950, when courier Josef Mašek, alias Josef Marek, attempted to cross it near the German settlement of Schnellenzipf. On the Czech side, around 200 metres from a border stream, he ran into a Border Guard patrol from the unit at Kunžvart (today Strážný), comprising private first class Josef Příhoda and private Vojtěch Švarc. Mašek was killed in a shootout and later secretly buried under a false identity. Using the available sources, the author recreates this tragic event and the background to it as well as placing the case in the broader context of the intelligence operations of Czechoslovak anti-Communist exiles in the early 1950s. His research also succeeded in uncovering Josef Mašek's final resting place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]