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The goal of this study was to compare the role of news media trust as predictor, mediator, and moderator of news media consumption, and to find out how this relates to perceived refugee threat. We shed new light on the different associations between these indicators using online survey data from seven European countries (N = 10,599). Findings indicate that consuming quality newspapers is negatively related to migrant threat perceptions, while consuming commercial television news has a positive relationship. Neither relationships were conditioned by different levels of media trust. Furthermore, trust appeared as a strong moderator for tabloid consumption effects. We also found that consumption of public broadcasting television news had a slightly positive relationship with refugee threat, particularly for those with low trust in public broadcasters. This study provides new insights into the role of trust in media effects and the importance of considering trust as a mediator and moderator in media effects models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into frame building, which aims to investigate the development of news framing in the journalistic realm, is on the rise. While most frame-building studies focus on the relative contribution of journalists or sources to news frames, this article presents and evaluates an integrated methodological model. The model is based on constructionist premises with the purpose of examining how frames are createdas part of the interactionamong reporters, editors, and sources. Based on a review of the methodologies used in earlier frame-building studies, we propose an ethnographic four-phase model in which multiple methods are interwoven: newsroom observations, reconstruction interviews, and frame analyses of news products (which illustrate what is made salient) as well as production documents (which also reveal what is silenced). The model is illustrated with two multisited studies in newspaper newsrooms: an interview-based study of the news reports of preselected journalists and an observation-based study for which the news reports to be analyzed were selected based on their salience in newsroom meetings. Through this multimethod model, this paper offers some guidelines for the study of frame building from a journalistic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents information on the papers published in a special issue of the "Gazette: The International Journal for Communications Studies," presenting research on media frames. This special issue is an attempt to take stock of the well-documented procedures entailing news selection and production. This particular research strand, which finds its origins in the all too well known fact that the media merely represent a very limited selection of reality, which is nonetheless perceived by many citizens as the one and only reality. All five articles in this special issue deal with the media texts in their contexts primarily: journalists' frames that have become media frames are identified in concrete media output. A frame can be defined as a consistent bundle of schemata, which emerges in discourse, exchanges with other discourses and influences information processing. The different media systems, journalistic practices and time periods covered are perceived here as the equally varied contextual ways of mapping out journalists' cognition on issues.