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Abstract: Thiocarbamates (TCs) have been recently identified as a new class of potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. A computational strategy based on molecular docking studies, followed by CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses, has been used to elucidate the atomic details of the RT/TC interactions and to identify the most important features impacting the TC antiretroviral activity. The CoMFA model resulted to be the more predictive, and gave r 2 =0.93, r cv 2 =0.53, SEE=0.292, F =180, and r test 2 =0.70. The 3D-QSAR field contributions and the structural features of the RT binding site showed a good correlation. These studies will be useful to design new TCs with improved potency also against clinically relevant resistant mutants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]