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Reducing the ignition temperature of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a long-term pursuit for environmental pollution treatment and industrial application. In this paper, the toluene catalytic combustion was ignited at ultra-low temperature of 73 °C over a poplar wood monolithic catalyst with highly dispersed Pd particles coated by nano-thick graphited carbon layer via in-situ carbonization. Combing the characterizations and DFT calculations, the satisfying catalytic performance could be attributed to two aspects: (i) the unrestricted mass transfer of reactant and the high dispersity of Pd were simultaneously ensured in the straight micrometer-channel with abundant surface anchoring groups of poplar wood; (ii) the nano-thick graphited carbon layer on Pd significantly enhanced the oxygen activation. Given the low cost of economic wood and facile preparation technique, this work opened up new alternative for the preparation of highly dispersed noble metal catalyst and the low temperature catalytic combustion of aromatic VOCs in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted increasing attentions recently on account of continuous growth demand for corresponding critical metals/materials and environmental requirement of solid waste disposal. In this work, rice husk as one of the most abundant renewable fuel materials in the world was used to prepare rice husk char (RC) and applied to recycle multivalent ions in waste water from hydrometallurgical technology dispose of spent LIBs. Rice husk char with specific surface area and abundant pores was obtained via pickling and desilication process (DPRC). The structural characterization of the obtained rice husk char and its adsorption capacity for multivalent ions in recycled batteries were studied. XRD, TEM, SEM, Raman, and BET were used for the characterization of the raw and the modified samples. The results show rice husk chars after desilication has more flourishing pore structure and larger pore size about 50–60 nm. Meanwhile, after desilication, the particle size of rice husk char decreased to 31.392 μm, and the specific surface area is about 402.10 m2/g. Its nitrogen adsorption desorption curve (BET) conforms to the type IV adsorption isotherm with H3 hysteresis ring, indicating that the prepared rice husk char is a mesoporous material. And the adsorption capacity of optimized DPRC for Ni, Co, and Mn ions is 7.00 mg/g, 4.84 mg/g, and 2.67 mg/g, respectively. It also demonstrated a good fit in the Freundlich model for DPRC-600°C, and a possible adsorption mechanism is proposed. The study indicates biochar materials have great potential as an adsorbent to recover multivalent ions from spent batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]