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In judo matches, athletes perform different technical-tactical actions according to age, sex, and competitive level. To identify these differences, the Judo Attack System Software (JASS) was developed specifically to assess the combat attack system, consisting of the tori (athlete executing the action) and uke (athlete receiving the action) approach, tori's grip, final displacement, stance (laterality) and direction of attack. To assess the reliability of the software, the Robotic Process Automation (RPA) method was used and resulted in 100% of correct records. To verify the objectivity of the analyses, 40 international matches were used to determine inter-rater and intra-rater agreement. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) demonstrated inter-rater and intra-rater agreement between 0.89 (good) and 1 (excellent) for total attacks, scoring attacks and no-scoring attacks. For the 39 variables analyzed, Cohen's Kappa index (κ) showed that 74.3% obtained classification almost perfect, 20.5% substantial, 2.6% fair and 2.6% poor for the intra-rater analysis. In the inter-rater analysis 15.4% had an almost perfect classification, 41% substantial, 25.6% moderate, 12.8% fair, 2.6% slight, and 2.6% poor. The Judo Attack System Software showed good objectivity inter-rater and intra-rater in most of the proposed measures, becoming an auxiliary tool to register the attack systems in judo combat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine which attack systems resulted in higher effectiveness in judo combats. We examined 5847 attacks from 152 high-level international male medallist athletes. Both successful (score) and unsuccessful attacks (no-score) were comprehensively analysed including six variables per action: attacker/defender approach, grip, stance, final displacement and direction of attack. Logistic regression, decision tree analyses and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to determine the probability of success for a given attack system. The main results indicated that i) gripping the dorsal region was decisive for an effective attack, ii) Right-Dorsal & Left-Dorsal grip configuration was the most efficient (P < 0.01, OR = 3.08), followed by Right-Dorsal & Left-Sleeve (P < 0.01, OR = 1.79) and Right-Sleeve & Left-Dorsal (P < 0.01, OR = 1.72), iii) hierarchical technical-tactical analysis identified that scoring rates for particular grips were highly influenced by the direction of attack and stance. Since this is the largest study so far examining attack effectiveness in judo, the information herein presented may have relevant implications for coaches by providing a new and practical organisation of combat dynamics and assisting in setting offensive/defensive plans to improve judo performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the present study was to determine whether variation in gripping action, actions before attacking, throwing techniques, direction of attack, transition from standing to groundwork combat, and groundwork techniques varied between male and female judo athletes and between gold, silver and bronze medalists in judo World Championships for cadet, junior and senior athletes. Therefore, 296 athletes who won medals in these competitions between 2018 and 2019, who executed a total of 1202 scoring actions in standing position and 300 scoring actions in the groundwork combat were analyzed. Higher variation was observed for gold medal winners for grip actions before attack compared to bronze medalists, whereas transition variation was greater for gold medal winners compared to the other medalists. However, no differences were found between age groups, except when interacting with sex, as a lower technique variation was observed in female cadets compared to all other male age groups. Additionally, less variation was observed in females compared to males for grip, actions before attacking, number of techniques and direction of attacks. Therefore, variation in some elements can properly discriminate the podium position, females present less variation than males, but no relevant differences were found between age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]