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Background: If colorectal cancer (CRC) is diagnosed in the early stages, the patients will have higher survival rates. Although some other factors might affect the survival rate, the type of treatment available based on existing health and therapeutic facilities is extremely important as well. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the best type of treatment for CRC patients., Study Design: This study employed a retrospective population-based cohort design., Methods: The data of 335 patients with CRC in Kurdistan province were collected through a population-based cancer registry system from March 1, 2009 to 2014. Demographic and clinical-pathologic data of the patients were gathered through their medical records, pathology reports, and reference to patients' homes. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank test, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression. The data were analyzed using Stata 14 software., Results: In this study, the mean age±standard deviation at diagnosis was 61.7± 1.05 in men and 60.5± 1.12 in women, respectively, and 203 (60.5%) patients were males. There was less mortality rate among the patients who received both surgical and chemotherapy treatments compared to those who did not receive any treatment (Hazard ratio [HR]=0.57, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93)., Conclusion: When CRC patients are treated using both surgical and chemotherapy treatments, they will exhibit a higher survival rate. Therefore, it is suggested to use both treatments for CRC patients., (© 2023 The Author(s); Published by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) survival varies at individual and geographically level. This population-based study aimed to evaluating various factors affecting the survival rate of CRC patients in Kurdistan province.In a retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed as CRC were collected through a population-based study from March 1, 2009 to 2014. The data were collected from Kurdistan's Cancer Registry database. Additional information and missing data were collected reference to patients' homes, medical records, and pathology reports. The CRC survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of cancer-specific death or the end of follow-up (cutoff date: October 2015). Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for the univariate analysis of survival in various subgroups. The proportional-hazard model Cox was also used in order to consider the effects of different factors on survival including age at diagnosis, place of residence, marital status, occupation, level of education, smoking, economic status, comorbidity, tumor stage, and tumor grade.A total number of 335 patients affected by CRC were assessed and the results showed that 1- and 5-year survival rate were 87% and 33%, respectively. According to the results of Cox's multivariate analysis, the following factors were significantly related to CRC survival: age at diagnosis (≥65 years old) (HR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.17-3.71), single patients (HR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.10-2.40), job (worker) (HR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.22-3.58), educational level: diploma or below (HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.92), wealthy economic status (HR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.82), tumor grade in poorly differentiated (HR 2.25, 95% CI: 1.37-3.69), and undifferentiated/anaplastic grade (HR 2.90, 95% CI: 1.67-4.98).We found that factors such as low education, inappropriate socioeconomic status, and high tumor grade at the time of disease diagnosis were effective in the poor survival of CRC patients in Kurdistan province; this, which need more attention.