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Introduction: Intravenous infusion of lignocaine has emerged in recent years as a feasible, cost-effective, and safe method to provide postoperative analgesia. There is, however, no literature about this perioperative pain control modality in Chinese patients. This study aimed to determine whether perioperative intravenous lignocaine safely reduces postoperative pain, shortens postoperative ileus, and reduces the length of hospital stay in laparoscopic colorectal surgery., Methods: Between September 2012 and May 2015, 16 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer and received a 1% lignocaine infusion for 24 hours postoperatively were studied. After surgery, categorical pain scores were obtained immediately, followed by hourly pain scores at rest. Pain scores at rest and with mobilisation, and patient satisfaction score were documented on postoperative day 1. Return of bowel function was measured by time of first flatus and bowel opening. The patient's rehabilitation was assessed by time taken to tolerate diet, full mobilisation, and length of hospital stay., Results: The median (interquartile range) self-reported pain scores at 2 hours and 6 hours after surgery were 1.5 (0-4) and 2 (0-3), respectively. The median pain scores at rest and mobilisation on postoperative day 1 were 1 (0-2.5) and 2 (2.5-5), respectively, with a median satisfaction score of 7.5 (7-9). The median times to first flatus and first bowel opening were 21 (18-35) hours and 3 (1-3) days, respectively. No patient had postoperative ileus. The median times to tolerating diet and mobilisation were 1 (1-1) day and 2 (2-3) days, respectively. The median postoperative stay was 6 (5-8) days., Conclusions: Intravenous lignocaine is a safe and effective postoperative analgesic in a Chinese population. It enhances the rehabilitation process for patients following laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer.

Our aim was to reveal the significance of tumor-suppressor genes and genomic instability in 99 Hong Kong Chinese colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients by PCR-LOH analysis and PCR-PTT assay. The frequencies of allelic loss of Apc, Mcc and Dcc and of APC truncation were 31.3% (15/48), 11.6% (5/43), 44.4% (20/45) and 46/93 (49.5%), respectively. The frequency of Apc LOH was similar to, the Mcc LOH was lower than, and the Dcc LOH was higher than that reported for Caucasians and Japanese. In Hong Kong CRC patients, the replication error-positive (RER(+)) phenotype occurred with a frequency of 10% (10/99), which was similar to other results using microsatellite markers where RER(+) frequencies ranged from 11% to 28%. The rates of genetic alteration in RER(+) tumors were lower in tumors harboring p53, Mcc and Dcc alterations; similar in Apc; and higher in Ki-ras tumors compared with RER(-) tumors, though these differences did not achieve statistical significance. None of the biomarkers examined were predictive of survival independently, but strong trends confirming earlier observations of associations between RER(+) phenotypes with proximal tumor location and poorly differentiated tumor status were noted. The RER(+) phenotype was correlated significantly to the less aggressive Duke's stage B and improved prognosis. Additionally, tumors with RER(+) phenotypes were positively correlated with young age and sex. Our results support the observation that a subset of younger male CRC patients in Hong Kong may develop CRC via the RER pathway and show differences in RER status and sex. A significantly higher percentage of older Hong Kong Chinese CRC patients had APC truncations. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:404-409, 1999., (Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

L-myc genotypes have been correlated with prognosis in different human tumors. Its role in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the L-myc genotypes in 99 Hong Kong Chinese CRC patients by PCR-RFLP techniques. The results obtained were correlated with clinical, histological and pathological parameters and genetic alterations. The observed frequency of L-myc genotypes (LL:LS:SS) was 27:46:26. The ratio of S to L alleles was 0.51:0.49. Distribution of L-myc genotypes and alleles in Hong Kong Chinese CRC was similar to that of healthy Chinese and CRC patients of other ethnic origins. The homozygous SS genotype was significantly associated with Dukes' stages C versus B. Other parameters including sex, differentiation status and survival, and genetic alterations such as p53 and Ki-ras mutations and Dcc LOH had no significant association with L-myc SS genotype.

This study investigated the frequency and importance of Ki-ras codon 12 mutations in 99 Hong Kong Chinese colorectal carcinoma specimens by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. The frequency of mutations detected was 30% and the most common mutation observed resulted in aspartic acid substitutions. Previous studies showed that specific Ki-ras mutations have been significantly associated with prognosis. Ki-ras codon 12 point mutational activation in CRC was significantly associated with the differentiation status of tumors in this study. Ethnic differences in the patterns of Ki-ras codon 12 point mutations were observed.

A mutational spectrum for exons 5-8 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in colorectal carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese was established. Ninety-nine colorectal carcinomas from Hong Kong patients were analyzed for mutations in p53 gene by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct DNA sequencing. Thirty-five of the 99 tumors (35.4%) contained mutations. Point mutations accounted for 80% of all genetic changes and were predominantly base transitions at CpG dinucleotide sites, mutations that were also predominant in Caucasian carcinomas. The major hot spots at codons 175 and 248 of p53 in Caucasians are also hot spots in the Chinese gene. Identical mutations in codons 152 and 306 were detected in two independent tumors in the Chinese, which were reported only rarely in Caucasians. Moreover, a significantly higher frequency (20%) of deletion and insertion mutations was observed in Hong Kong colorectal cancer patients. Distinct genetic and/or environmental factors may contribute to these findings.