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Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of solid tumors in the world with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Most cases of CRCs are initiated by inactivating mutations in a tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), leading to constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. This review summarizes the roles of somatic and germline mutations of the APC gene in hereditary as well as sporadic forms of CRC. We also discuss the diagnostic and prognostic value of the APC gene in the pathogenesis of CRC for a better understanding of CRC disease. Highlights • Mutations in a tumor suppressor gene, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), are critical in colorectal cancer development. • This review summarizes the roles of somatic and germline mutations of the APC gene in CRC initiation and progression. • Therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic value of the APC gene mutations will be discussed in the pathogenesis of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. There is growing information about the factors involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, the knowledge of the predisposing factors is limited. The development of CRC is strongly associated with the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway. This pathway comprises several major target proteins, including LRP5/6, GSK3β, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axis inhibition protein (Axin), and β-catenin. Genetic variations in these components of the Wnt signaling pathway may lead to the activation of β-catenin, potentially increasing the proliferation of colorectal cells. Because of the potentially important role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC, we aimed to review the involvement of different mutations in the main downstream proteins of this pathway, including LRP5/6, APC, GSK3β, Axin, and β-catenin. Determination of the genetic risk factors involved in the progression of CRC may lead to novel approaches for the early diagnosis of CRC and the identification of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of CRC. Unlabelled Image • Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of CRC. • Mutations of APC, GSK3β, Axin, and β-catenin are important in CRC development. • Several anti-cancer drugs are developed based on the knowledge of this pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]