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Purpose: For the purpose of classification for social adaptability of color vision defectiveness, the Farnsworth Dichotomous Test D-15(Test D-15)was applied to distinguish a severe group from other cases. Following this, the Ichikawa Lantern was employed to separate a moderate from a mild group. Majima's classification has provided a convenient framework for identifying color vision defectiveness for the past several decades. However because of the discontinuity in the employment of Ichikawa's Lantern, the introduction of alternative methods is vital. New classification methods subdividing the "moderate/mild" group into separate groups were established by using simulations. Subjects and methods: Simulations of hue discrimination using the color caps of Test D-15 were carried out. Adding color caps one by one between each of the 15 color test caps of Test D-15 to a total of 30, or subtracting caps from Test D-15 to nine (P-1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15)or six(P-2-5-8-11-14) were employed to simulate the compressing of the hue circles along the color confusion lines. Simulations changing the saturation of color caps were conducted simultaneously. Results: The fewer the number of caps, the more errors occurred. Subtracting the number of caps of Test D-15 made it possible to subdivide the "moderate/mild" group into three groups. Changing the saturation of color caps of Test D-15 had no effect on the results of the Test D-15. Conclusion: Using Test D-15 and reducing the number of caps to nine or six allows for the identification of different levels of color defectiveness and the assigning of patients into separate groups.

The effects of color cathode ray tube (CRT) display on the pupil size in color-blind subjects were studied experimentally. Red, magenta, green, cyan, yellow, and white were presented on the CRT. Five protan subjects, five deutans, and five normal subjects were tested using infrared pupillography. In the protan group, the pupils were significantly less sensitive to red (wavelength: 600 nm) targets compared to the other colors. In the deutans and the control group, there were non-significant changes in pupil size in response to the colors. Dominant wavelengths above 600 nm in color CRTs should be avoided in routine work presentation because of less sensitivity in protanopias.

Anomaloscopic color matching was performed in 57 protanomalous boys. The relative luminous efficiencies of their mothers were measured by flicker photometry to clarify the characteristics of protanomaly carriers. The sensitivity loss of protanomaly carriers in the long wave-length region had a highly significant correlation with the anomalous quotients ( AQs ) of their protanomalous sons. This correlation means that both the luminous efficiencies of the protanomaly carriers and the AQs of their sons are determined by the same "anomalous" cone pigments.