Search

In two separate paired-associate learning experiments each employing 40 university students as subjects, the contribution of individual differences (IDs) in arousal to short- and long-term retention was investigated using IDs in salivary response to lemon juice stimulation as an index of arousal. Experimental subjects were pre-selected out of 184 subjects on the basis of extreme arousal scores. The hypotheses were tested that high-arousal learning would lead to poor short-term retention but would demonstrate reminiscence or superior long-term retention relative to low-arousal learning; low-arousal learning was expected to lead to superior short-term retention but classical forgetting over the long-term relative to high-arousal learning. Experiment (Exp.) One yielded (non-significant) results in the predicted direction, whereas Exp. Two, incorporating procedural changes on the basis of Exp. One, confirmed the hypotheses (p<.025). (Author)

This study reported data on American and British college student samples for the Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism (PEN) Inventory. The pattern of significant intercorrelations tended to be in accord with previous work on prior related inventories. Similarities and differences among the sample descriptive statistics were discussed. (Author/MV)

Results show that individuals identified by the personality inventory as extravert or introvert differed significantly in the expected direction on the global self ratings. The results were also obtained for neuroticism. (Author/DEP)

Suggests that income and need-for-approval may be potent variables in the control orientation of black male students, but are not significantly related to control orientation of white male students. (Author/AM)

Resultant Achievement Motivation scores employed as predictors of performance under conditions of differing rates of informational feedback in a concept learning task were found to be positively related to learning in a 100 percent feedback condition. (Author/KM)

Expands upon the Farley (1967) study in three ways: (1) use of experimental manipulation of social desirability response set rather than correlational analysis, (2) use of the recent revision of the Sensation Seeking Scale, and (3) inclusion of sex comparisons. (Author)

The Zeigarnik effect, that is, the greater recall of incompleted over completed tasks was found to be significantly more frequent in Ss of high than low resultant achievement motivation, but no difference was found between repressors and sensitizers in this effect. (Authors)

The present research is concerned with preference for visual (polygon) complexity versus simplicity in relation to national membership, using adult subjects from five nations (cultures) four groups of which were temporarily resident in the U.S.A. (Author)

Approval dependency in college females was studied as a function of birth order, family size, and sibling sex with control over sib age separation. The results indicated no significant contribution of the family structure variables to approval dependency. (Author)