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There is no limit to what constitutes heritage. By definition, heritage is the use of the past for present purposes. Yet, to any given group or population, heritage can be a multitude of things and can serve a variety of purposes. Based on shared memory, heritage can be tangible or intangible, boundless in variety and scope: it can be, for example, objects, landscapes, food or clothing, music or dance, sites or statues, monuments or buildings. Importantly, however, heritage also has many and varied uses and powers. It can be used to control, to unite, to engage, and to empower people, communities, and nations. In this interdisciplinary volume, authors from around the world explore how different communities, nations, and groups intentionally and creatively use heritage, both tangible and intangible, in a wide variety of ways to positively address social and environmental issues. Significantly, these studies demonstrate how heritage can be an exceptionally valuable tool for political, economic, and social change. Insightful studies are presented pertaining to heritage as social memory, including the nationalistic political use of heritage, heritage as resistance to political powers, traditional knowledge as environmental science, heritage for legal and community action, heritage for building peace, heritage for Indigenous and minority empowerment, and heritage for exploring the past through phenomenological methods. The goal of this volume is to move beyond seeing heritage as only social memory, a mere interpretation of static past events, people or places, and instead explores critically the variety of ways heritage is engaged in the present and can be in the future.

“Quién olvida su pasado está condenado a repetirlo”. Este lema ha generado la multiplicación de políticas de memoria desde finales de la década de 1990, en todo el mundo. Estas políticas normalizadas deben permitir a todos los ciudadanos aprender “las lecciones del pasado” y construir sociedades pacíficas. En lugar de la tranquila cohesión social que esperaban, los países que han adoptado tales medidas, sin embargo, han enfrentado discriminaciones persistentes, populismos y terrorismos de todo tipo. Los estudios sobre memoria histórica tampoco cuestionan la necesidad y el impacto de las políticas de memoria en el comportamiento social. Este libro —publicado también en francés, inglés y árabe— rompe con la literatura existente y aporta una perspectiva crítica sobre la creencia demasiado consensuada de la eficacia de la política de la memoria para construir sociedades pacíficas, ya sea en una democracia estable o tras un conflicto político violento.