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This article analyses monuments to World War II martyr Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The array of monuments to Kosmodemyanskaya stands apart from other sets of Soviet monuments to war heroes, both in terms of sheer number and in variety. An analysis of the most significant sites informs us about the multiple mythologies associated with this Soviet 'saint'. This article asks how the plurality of bodily representations in memorials of Kosmodemyanskaya gives insight into the confluence of collective memory, national myth-making and constructions of gender in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia. A study of Kosmodemyanskaya's monuments, situated in symbolic locations, shows how competing trends, Soviet political needs, private commemorations, and public responses shaped the representation of this war hero. The evolution of monuments to Kosmodemyanskaya illuminates both the tensions that arise when disparate groups commemorate one individual, and the political role of war monuments in a broader context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the popular response to Soviet myths in the post-Soviet period through the lens of the complicated treatment of Zoia Kosmodem'ianskaia. As arguably the most famous Soviet World War II martyr, Kosmodem'ianskaia's image splintered after glasnost' and has been located at the nexus of debate in various media since 1991. This paper poses questions about the fracturing of national memory when a nation has undergone upheaval: about the stability of heroes, about citizens' responses to them, and about heroes' transformation in the new regime. Catriona Kelly has demonstrated that the treatment of a national hero can illuminate the circumstances that produced the hero and the cultural climate of subsequent decades. Building on her work, this article asks "Why and how has the image of Kosmodem'ianskaia remained relevant while other Soviet heroes have been neglected since 1991?" This article posits that Kosmodem'ianskaia's continued significance lies above all in the flexibility of her image and the transitional aspects of her body. Her depictions in various contexts represent prominent responses to the authoritarian regime which gave birth to both Kosmodem'ianskaia and her legacy. The variety of her images demonstrates the continued relevance of this figure two decades after the collapse of the USSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]