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Human–robot collaborative systems bring several benefits in using human and robot capabilities simultaneously. One of the critical questions is the impact of these systems on production process efficiency. The search for high-level efficiency is severely dependent on collaborative robot characteristics and motion parameters, and the ability of humans to adjust to changing circumstances. Therefore, our research analyzes the effect of the changing collaborative robot motion parameters, acoustic parameters and visual factors in a specific assembly operation, where efficiency is measured through operation times. To conduct our study, we designed a digital twin-based model and a laboratory environment experiment in the form of a collaborative workplace. The results show that changing the motion, acoustic and visual parameters of the collaborative workplace impact the assembly process efficiency significantly.

The global production tends towards more sustainable manufacturing, which forces manufacturers to constantly change and adapt. In our case, we are considering the FESTO CP LAB 400 production line, primarily designed for the training of personnel in the field of automation, which is essential for maintaining competitiveness in today's world. The production line consists of seven fully automated workstations and one manual assembly workstation, which represents the bottleneck of the production system. The paper presents a comparative study of the lines (human assembly vs. collaborative robot assembly) with an emphasis on economic and environmental aspects. The input parameters of the production line were obtained based on real-world measurements, while the assembly time of the collaborative robot was determined through simulation studies. The results of the study are presented graphically and numerically and confirm the contribution of the introduction of a collaborative robot to the assembly workstation in both financial and environmental terms.

Collaborative workplaces are increasingly used in production systems. The possibility of direct collaboration between robots and humans brings many advantages, as it allows the simultaneous use of human and robotic strengths. However, collaboration between a collaborative robot and a human raises concerns about the safety of the interaction, the impact of the robot on human health, human efficiency, etc. Additionally, research is unexplored in the field of the collaborative robot’s audio-visual effects on the worker’s efficiency. Our study results contribute to the field of studying collaborative robots’ audio-visual effects on the worker’s behavior. In this research, we analyze the effect of the changing motion parameters of the collaborative robot (speed and acceleration) on the efficiency of the worker and, consequently, on the production process. Based on the experimental results, we were able to confirm the impact of robot speed and acceleration on the worker’s efficiency in terms of assembly time. We also concluded that the sound level and presence of a visual barrier between the worker and robot by themselves have no effect on the worker’s efficiency. The experimental part of the paper clearly identifies the impact of visualization on work efficiency. According to the results, the robot’s audio-visual effects play a key role in achieving high efficiency and, consequently, justifying the implementation of a collaborative workplace.

Human–robot collaborative systems bring several benefits in using human and robot capabilities simultaneously. One of the critical questions is the impact of these systems on production process efficiency. The search for high-level efficiency is severely dependent on collaborative robot characteristics and motion parameters, and the ability of humans to adjust to changing circumstances. Therefore, our research analyzes the effect of the changing collaborative robot motion parameters, acoustic parameters and visual factors in a specific assembly operation, where efficiency is measured through operation times. To conduct our study, we designed a digital twin-based model and a laboratory environment experiment in the form of a collaborative workplace. The results show that changing the motion, acoustic and visual parameters of the collaborative workplace impact the assembly process efficiency significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative workplaces are increasingly used in production systems. The possibility of direct collaboration between robots and humans brings many advantages, as it allows the simultaneous use of human and robotic strengths. However, collaboration between a collaborative robot and a human raises concerns about the safety of the interaction, the impact of the robot on human health, human efficiency, etc. Additionally, research is unexplored in the field of the collaborative robot's audio-visual effects on the worker's efficiency. Our study results contribute to the field of studying collaborative robots' audio-visual effects on the worker's behavior. In this research, we analyze the effect of the changing motion parameters of the collaborative robot (speed and acceleration) on the efficiency of the worker and, consequently, on the production process. Based on the experimental results, we were able to confirm the impact of robot speed and acceleration on the worker's efficiency in terms of assembly time. We also concluded that the sound level and presence of a visual barrier between the worker and robot by themselves have no effect on the worker's efficiency. The experimental part of the paper clearly identifies the impact of visualization on work efficiency. According to the results, the robot's audio-visual effects play a key role in achieving high efficiency and, consequently, justifying the implementation of a collaborative workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global production tends towards more sustainable manufacturing, which forces manufacturers to constantly change and adapt. In our case, we are considering the FESTO CP LAB 400 production line, primarily designed for the training of personnel in the field of automation, which is essential for maintaining competitiveness in today's world. The production line consists of seven fully automated workstations and one manual assembly workstation, which represents the bottleneck of the production system. The paper presents a comparative study of the lines (human assembly vs. collaborative robot assembly) with an emphasis on economic and environmental aspects. The input parameters of the production line were obtained based on real-world measurements, while the assembly time of the collaborative robot was determined through simulation studies. The results of the study are presented graphically and numerically and confirm the contribution of the introduction of a collaborative robot to the assembly workstation in both financial and environmental terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Industry 4.0 and the introduction of new technologies, collaborative workplaces represent the potential to increase the efficiency of manufacturing systems. The presented research focuses on studying the impact of changing the speed and acceleration of a Cobot to the number of finished products at a collaborative workstation, the average assembly time, and the utilization of the Cobot and worker. In a laboratory experiment, it was demonstrated that changing the parameters of the Cobot significantly affects the optimization parameters of the collaborative workstation productivity. The results indicate an increase in production capacity with an increase in the speed and acceleration of the Cobot, while at the same time highlighting the importance of uniform utilization and occupancy of the Cobot and worker. The findings are particularly interesting from the influence of the Cobot's audio and video effects on worker, when reducing the average assembly time while increasing the Cobot's capabilities. The results and findings presented open up important new areas of research in the field of social, time and financial justification of collaborative workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the use of simulation modelling methods to evaluate the impact of the collaborative workplaces (human-robot collaboration) importance in correlation to the sustainable manufacturing. Based on an example, numerical simulation results of an existing manual assembly workplace and a newly proposed collaborative workplace are presented using production parameters that describe all three key aspects of sustainable manufacturing: economic, social and environmental aspect. A datadriven simulation model was used, mainly using the input parameters of the real-world production system and numerical assumptions obtained from the literature, with the main objective of detailing the impact on the sustainable orientation of the production process. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the high suitability of simulation modelling methods in the evaluation of existing and newly proposed technologies from the sustainable manufacturing point of view. The results demonstrate that collaborative workplaces, if implemented appropriately and using correct input data, are a possible solution that can cope with limited human resources and ensure high production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]