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Illegal gold mining is a controversial activity. It provides livelihoods for rural communities in gold-rich areas and contributes to poverty alleviation; however, it also creates environmental devastation, losses to state revenue and often triggers social conflicts. Various eradication efforts have been made, ranging from persuasive approaches to harsh law enforcement involving the military and police, yet this illegal activity continues. This qualitative study aims to find and propose workable solutions to eradicate this activity, particularly in Indonesia. The study was conducted at two illegal- mining sites in Kalimantan, involving some 6,000 illegal-gold-miners. Data were collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with primary stakeholders, including authorities, perpetrators, and the community. The study identified eight sets of solutions to be implemented with an integrative approach, covering alternative livelihoods, cooperation and assistance, education and training, information dissemination, formalization, multi-sectoral collaboration, regulatory changes, and law enforcement. This paper contributes to model development in similar social circumstances and, in practice, provides workable solutions to illegal-gold-mining in other sites, particularly in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to give further understanding on value co-creation mechanisms in B-to-B service network by reinforcing the processes, the relationships, and the influences of other agents where Collaborative Transportation Management (CTM) forms might be best employed. Design/methodology/approach: In order to model the interactions among agents in the collaboration processes and the value co-creation processes, this research used three collaboration cases in Indonesia. The agent-based simulation was used to capture both the collaboration process and the value co-creation process of the three collaboration cases. Findings: The interactions among the agents both inside and outside their collaboration environments determined agent's role as a value co-creator. The willingness of an agent to accept the opinion of another agent determined the degree of their willingness to co-operate and to change their strategies, and perceptions. Therefore, interaction among agents influenced the size of the value obtained by them in each collaboration process. Research limitations/implications: The findings of the simulations subject to assumptions based on the collaboration cases. Further research is related to how to encourage agents to co-operate and adjust their perceptions. Practical implications: It is crucial for the practitioners to interact with another agent both inside and outside their collaboration environment. The opinions of another agent inside the collaboration environment also need to be considered. Originality/value: This research is derived from its emphasis on how a value is co-created by reinforcing both the collaborative processes and the interactions among agents as well as on how CTM might be best employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]