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A new species of the carabid beetle genus Bembidion Latreille is described from the Central Valley, Los Angeles Basin, and surrounding areas of California. Bembidion brownorumsp. nov. is a distinctive species, a relatively large member of the subgenus Notaphus Dejean, and within Notaphus a member of the B. obtusangulum LeConte species group. It has faint spots on the elytra and a large, convex, rounded prothorax. Of the 22 specimens from 11 localities, all but one were collected more than 55 years ago. Although the collection of the holotype in 2021 at UV light suggest the species is still extant, the lack of other recent specimens suggests the species may have a more restricted distribution than in the past, and its populations may be in decline.

A new genus and two new species of cavernicolous trechines are reported from central Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Haixiaphaenopsgen. nov. is established to place a new species discovered in two limestone caves in northern Qingzhen Shi: H. jinxiaohongaesp. nov. (Dawan Dong cave and Changtu Dong and Dawan Dong caves). This new genus is allied to Zhijinaphaenops Uéno & Ran, 2002. Zhijinaphaenops zhaofeiisp. nov. is described from Zhangkou Dong cave in northern Jiuzhuang Zhen of Xifeng County. In addition, two new localities of the species Zhijinaphaenops jingliae Deuve & Tian, 2015, and two new localities of Sinaphaenops chengguangyuaniMa et al. 2020 are provided. A distribution map for all cavernicolous trechine beetles known in Guiyang is provided.

Two new genera and three new species of cave-adapted ground beetles belonging to the tribe Trechini are established and described: Wulongius qilingergen. nov. and sp. nov. from limestone cave Qiankou Dong (Chongqing: Wulong), Qianotrechus congcongaesp. nov. from cave Shigao Dong (Chongqing: Nanchuan), and Qianlongius zhouigen. nov. and sp. nov. from cave Qianlong Dong (Guizhou: Songtao). Wulongius qilingersp. nov. is a small aphaenopsian beetle with a thin and elongated body, while Qianlongius zhouisp. nov. is a semi-aphaenopsian with a stout body. Both new genera are not closely related to any genus of Trechini occurring in the South China Karst, and so their systematic positions remain unclear.

A new species of blind subterranean ground beetle in the genus Anillinus Casey is described from Florida. Anillinus albrittonorumsp. nov. (type locality: 6 miles NW High Springs, Columbia County, Florida) has a unique structure of female genitalia and occupies an isolated position within the genus. This new species is illustrated with images of the habitus, body parts, and male and female genitalia. Relationships of A. albrittonorum to other members of the genus are discussed.

A new genus and new species of carabid beetle, Yalongaphaenops erwinigen. et sp. nov., is described from mountains SW of Mianning City, Sichuan Province, China. This finding, from one side, extends the known distribution of Chinese hypogean trechines, and from another, it raises the upper limit of their vertical distribution to nearly 4000 m. Photographs of the habitus and major taxonomic characters, including the male genitalia, right mandible, and microsculpture patterns of the integument are supplied. The type locality of the new taxon is mapped. Yalongaphaenopsgen. nov. shows some similarities with the genus Shiqianaphaenops Tian, 2016 from eastern Guizhou and the genus Boreaphaenops Uéno, 2002 described from Hubei, China. However, the direct relationships of the new genus remain unclear. Further new discoveries of hypogean trechines in Sichuan are necessary to evaluate possible variation of major characters in allied taxa. Although Y. erwinisp. nov. was collected at an elevation exceeding 3800 m a.s.l., it conforms to the upper limit of the forest zone being approximately on par with the vertical distribution of some high altitude hypogean trechine species in other parts of the globe.

Two new species of Bembidion are described from river shores in North America. One, Bembidion mimbres sp. nov., from the Gila River watershed in the lands of the Mimbres culture in New Mexico and Arizona, is closely related to the widespread Bembidion levigatum . DNA sequences from several linkage groups and morphology provide evidence of the distinctiveness of B. mimbres . The second, Bembidion corgenoma sp. nov., has been the subject of recent genomic and transcriptomic studies. It belongs in the Bembidion transversale subgroup, and occurs from California north to British Columbia, east to Montana and Nevada. The B. transversale subgroup as a whole is reviewed, and morphological characters that distinguish B. corgenoma from the similar and sympatric B. transversale and B. erosum are described and illustrated. DNA sequences of these three species show no consistent differences in 28S, COI, CAD, and Topoisomerase, and a coalescent species delimitation analysis reveals no notable structure within the complex. This is the first known trio of species within Bembidion for which those genes provide no clear signal of species boundaries. A neotype is designated for the one name in the group that lacks a primary type, Bembidium haplogonum Chaudoir. Chromosomes of the new species and their relatives are as is typical for Bembidion , with eleven pairs of autosomes and an XY/XX sex chromosome system.

Duvalius semecensis tarensisssp. nov. from two subterranean sites situated on Mt. Tara (western Serbia) is described, illustrated and compared with its most related congeners. It is provisionally placed in the subgenus Biharotrechus Bokor, 1922. The new subspecies is characterized by a depigmented, medium-sized body, the presence of reduced eyes, deep and complete frontal furrows, two pairs of discal setae in third elytral striae, as well as by the shape of aedeagus. It inhabits caves on Mt. Tara and is endemic of this mountain. Data on the distribution and bionomy of the new subspecies are given. Its closest relative, Duvalius (Biharotrechus) semecensis semecensis Winkler, 1926, is redescribed and we designated its holotype by monotypy. A key for the identification and an annotated catalogue of Serbian Biharotrechus and Duvalius s. str. taxa are also provided.

Describing and conserving ecological interactions woven into ecosystems is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. Here, we present a unique dataset compiling the biotic interactions between two ecologically and economically important taxa: ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and fungi. The resulting dataset contains the carabid-fungus associations collected from 392 scientific publications, 129 countries, mostly from the Palearctic region, published over a period of 200 years. With an updated taxonomy to match the currently accepted nomenclature, 3,378 unique associations among 5,564 records were identified between 1,776 carabid and 676 fungal taxa. Ectoparasitic Laboulbeniales were the most frequent fungal group associated with carabids, especially with Trechinae. The proportion of entomopathogens was low. Three different formats of the data have been provided along with an interactive data digest platform for analytical purposes. Our database summarizes the current knowledge on biotic interactions between insects and fungi, while offering a valuable resource to test large-scale hypotheses on those interactions., Measurement(s)species associationsTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)associations between Carabidae and FungiSample Characteristic - OrganismCarabidae • Fungi • LaboulbenialesSample Characteristic - Locationglobal Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14602770

Globally, the great majority of Anillini species are endogean, adapted to live in the interstices of soil and leaf litter, while the extremely low vagility of these minute ground beetles gives rise to numerous shortrange endemic species. Until recently the Australian Anillini fauna was known only from leaf litter in rain forests and eucalypt forests in the wetter, forested regions of eastern and south eastern Australia, as well as Lord Howe and Norfolk islands. The first hypogean Anillini in Australia (17 species in six genera) were described in 2016 from mineral exploration drill holes in iron-ore bearing rocks of the Pilbara region in Western Australia, representing the first finding of the tribe deep underground in a semi-arid climate region. A further eight new genera and 20 new species are described herein, mostly from the Pilbara region as well as the semi-arid Kimberley and Goldfields regions; all were collected in mineral exploration drill holes. The following new genera are described: Erwinanillusgen. nov., Gregorydytesgen. nov., Pilbaraphanusgen. nov., Neoillaphanusgen. nov., Kimberleytyphlusgen. nov., Gilesdytesgen. nov., Pilbaradytesgen. nov., and Bylibaraphanusgen. nov. The following new species are described: Erwinanillus baehrisp. nov.; Gracilanillus hirsutussp. nov., G. pannawonicanussp. nov.; Gregorydytes ophthalmianussp. nov.; Pilbaraphanus chichesterianussp. nov., P. bilybarianussp. nov.; Magnanillus firetalianussp. nov., M. sabaesp. nov., M. salomonissp. nov., M. regalissp. nov., M. serenitatissp. nov.; Neoillaphanus callawanussp. nov.; Kimberleytyphlus carrboydianussp. nov.; Austranillus jinayrianussp. nov.; Gilesdytes pardooanussp. nov., G. ethelianussp. nov.; Pilbaradytes abydosianussp. nov., P. webberianussp. nov.; Bylibaraphanus cundalinianussp. nov.; and Angustanillus armatussp. nov. Identification keys are provided for all Australian anilline genera, and Western Australian species. All the described species are known from a single locality and qualify as short-range endemics. The Anillini are recognised as a significant and diverse element making up part of Western Australia’s remarkable subterranean fauna, and whose conservation may potentially be impacted by mining developments.

Ckacus youcha n. gen. & n. sp. is described and illustrated based on a single male discovered in the deep area of Luoshui Dong, a vertical cave in Anlong Xian, southwestern most of Guizhou Province, Southwest China. This new genus seems related to Bathytrechus Uéno, 2005 from Leye Xian, northwestern most Guangxi by its elongate body which is wholly pubescent, the tridentate right mandible and the well-striated elytra with the 1st interval extremely narrowed at apical 1/3, but differs in several important characters. In addition, three individuals of the species Satotrechus rieae Uéno, 2006 were also collected from -340 m to -450 m in the same cave. This species was formerly only known from four caves in Anlong and Ceheng counties.

A morphologically distinguished and isolated cavernicolous trechine beetle belonging to the isotopic Duvalius lineage was discovered in Dinarids, Western Bosnia, in hypogean environment, in the cave Mračna Pećina. Duvalius (Neoduvalius) lohaji n. sp., is described, illustrated and compared with the other Duvalius species of the Dinaric range, especially with Neoduvalius taxa. In addition, taxonomical considerations about Duvalius-related genera that exhibit aphaenopsian morphology are given.

Two new genera and three new species of troglobitic trechine beetles are described and illustrated from the eastern part of Wuling Mountains: Xiangxius jiangi n. gen., n. sp. and Guizhaphaenopsodes solidior n. gen., n. sp. from the limestone cave Tangle Dong (Jishou, western Hunan Province); Sinotroglodytes hefengensis n. sp. from the limestone cave Qizimei Dong (Hefeng, southwestern Hubei Province). Xiangxius jiangi is a highly modified cave-adapted beetle with elongate body and appendages, recognized by its peculiar elytral shape and remarkable dorsal and marginal umbilicate pores of elytra. Guizhaphaenopsodes solidior is peculiar for its stout body, robust antennae and pigmented forebody, antennae and legs though it shares several generic important characteristics with the genus Guizhaphaenops Vigna Taglianti, 1997. Sinotroglodytes hefengensis has an elongated and parallel-sided head.

The genus Tasmanitachoides Erwin, a genus of very small carabid beetle endemic to Australia, is reviewed. Although uncommon in collections, they can be abundant and diverse on banks of fine gravel or coarse sand next to bodies of fresh water; samples from southeastern Australia suggest numerous undescribed species. An initial phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is presented, including 19 of the 32 known species. The inferred phylogeny, based upon one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes, shows the kingi group to be sister to remaining Tasmanitachoides, with the wattsensis group and T. lutus (Darlington) also being phylogenetically isolated. Two new species are described: T. baehrisp. nov., from the Australian Capital Territory, is a member of the kingi group; T. erwinisp. nov., from Tasmania, is a member of the wattsensis group. Identification tools for described and some undescribed species are presented, including photographs of all known species.

Balticeler kerneggerigen. nov., sp. nov., is described based on six fossil specimens preserved in Eocene Baltic amber and imaged using light microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Based on certain characters observed in the fossil species it is considered a “middle grade” Carabidae, outside of the large family Harpalinae (as it possesses a scrobal seta, the lack of which is a synapomorphy of that subfamily), but possessing four synapomorphies that indicate Balticeler belongs to a large clade of carabids including Harpalinae (anisochaetous Grade B antennal cleaner, conjunct mesocoxae, closed procoxal cavities, and a well-developed external lobe of the metepimeron). This remarkable beetle has several striking features, including lack of externally-visible sexually dimorphic characters, lack of lateral borders on the pronotum, and very long and thin mandibles and maxillae. In combination, these states are unique within Carabidae. We consider the presence of a dorsally completely open aedeagal median lobe as a synapomorphy of the fossil species with the subfamily Trechinae, a pubescent and relatively long second antennomere and a 4+2+2 pattern of umbilicate setae as synapomorphies of the supertribe Trechitae, and a quadrisetose clypeus as a synapomorphy with the Trechitae clade Bembidarenini + Trechini sensu Maddison et al. (2019). As it lacks a synapomorphy of Bembidarenini + Trechini, we propose that it is a member of the stem group of that clade.

Two highly modified new species of cave-adapted trechine beetles are described from Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Sinaphaenops (Sinaphaenops) chengguangyuani n. sp. (Guizhou: Longli: cave Shuijing Dong), belonging to the banshanicus species group of the genus Sinaphaenops Uéno & Wang, 1991; Giraffaphaenops brevicephalus n. sp. (Guangxi: Leye: cave Dalongguan Dong), being the third species of the genus Giraffaphaenops Deuve, 2002, with a shorter but broader head than its congeners. Keys to identify the species of the banshanicus species group and the genus Giraffaphaenops are provided respectively.

Carabidae are one of the most species-rich families of beetles, comprising more than 40,000 described species worldwide. Forty-three complete or partial mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from this family have been published in GenBank to date. In this study, we sequenced a nearly complete mitogenome of Amara aulica (Carabidae), using a next-generation sequencing method. This mitogenome was 16,646 bp in length, which encoded the typical 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a putative control region. Combining with the published mitogenomes of Carabidae and five outgroup species from Trachypachidae, Gyrinidae and Dytiscidae, we performed phylogenetic estimates under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of carabid beetles. The results showed that the family Carabidae was a non-monophyletic assemblage. The subfamilies Cicindelinae, Elaphrinae, Carabinae, Trechinae and Harpalinae were recovered as monophyletic groups. Moreover, the clade (Trechinae + (Brachininae + Harpalinae)) was consistently recovered in all analyses.

The hypogean genusDongodytesDeuve, 1993, one of the most cave-adapted genera of ground beetles, is distributed in northern Guangxi, ranging from Mashan through Du’an, Bama, and Fengshan to Tian’e. Review of nominate subgenus Dongodytes Deuve, 1993, with new records forD.fowleriDeuve, 1993 andD.grandisUéno, 1998 are provided. Meanwhile,Dongodytestonywhittenisp. n.is described from a limestone cave in Bama County. This interesting species is dedicated to the late Dr. Tony Whitten, a well-known cave biodiversity conservationist in Asia. A key to all species ofDongodytes(s. str.) is also provided.

The subterranean ground beetle genus Guiaphaenops Deuve, 2002 is taxonomically reviewed. This poorly known genus is different from Guizhaphaenops Vigna Taglianti, 1997 in having convex propleura which is visible from above and elytral chaetotaxy especially the humeral group of the marginal umbilicate series, in which the 1st pore is transversely and backwardly shifted. The second species, G. deuvei Tian, Feng & Wei, sp. n., is described from a limestone cave at Yangli Cun (Village), Lingyun Xian (County), Baise Shi (Prefecture), northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. A key to the species and a distribution map of Guiaphaenops are also provided.

A remarkable aphaenopsian beetle, a sympatric species of Qianotrechus tenuicollis Uéno, 2000, was newly discovered in Cave Mahuang Dong of Shuanghe Dong cave system, the longest cave system of China in Suiyang County, northern Guizhou Province. To categorize this striking but still unknown species, a new genus and species are proposed: Shuangheaphaenops elegans gen. n., sp. n. Relationships of Shuangheaphaenops and other highly modified aphaenopsian genera from southern China Karsts are discussed.

Cavernicolous trechine beetles of the genus Tonkinaphaenops Deuve, 2013, known so far only from Vietnam, are reported for the first time from southern China, and new data are also provided regarding this genus from northern Vietnam. Two new Chinese species, T. yinquanicus sp. nov. from cave Yinquan Dong and T. jingxicus sp. nov. from cave Nianluo Dong in Jingxi County, southwesternmost Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated, together with the descriptions of two new Vietnamese species: T. anthonyi sp. nov. from the cave Hang Dõi and T. impunctatus sp. nov. from the cave Hang Rắn in Cao Bằng province. A key to all known species of Tonkinaphaenops is also provided.

1.AbstractThe beetle family Carabidae, with about 40,000 species, exhibits enough diversity in sperm structure and behavior to be an excellent model system for studying patterns and processes of sperm evolution. We explore their potential, documenting sperm form in 177 species of ground beetles and collecting data on 1 qualitative and 7 quantitative sperm phenotypic traits. Our sampling captures 61% of the tribal-level diversity of ground beetles. These data highlight the notable morphological diversity of sperm in ground beetles and suggest that sperm in the group have dynamic evolutionary histories with much morphological innovation and convergence. Sperm vary among species in total length from 48-3,400μm and in length and width of the sperm head. Most ground beetles make filamentous sperm with visually indistinct heads, but some or all studied members of the genusOmophron,genusTrachypachus,and tribe Dyschiriini make broad-headed sperm that show morphological differences between species. Most ground beetles package their sperm into groups of sperm, termed conjugates, and ground beetles show variation in conjugate form and in the number and arrangement of sperm in a conjugate. Most ground beetles make sperm conjugates by embedding their sperm in a non-cellular rod or spermatostyle, but some Trechitae make conjugates without a spermatostyle. The spermatostyle is remarkably variable among species and varies in length from 17-41,000μm. Several unrelated groups of ground beetles make only singleton sperm, including Nebriinae, Cicindelinae, many Trechinae, and the tribe Paussini. Given current views about ground beetle relationships, we propose preliminary hypotheses on ground beetle sperm diversification. We hypothesize that spermatostyle and conjugate traits evolve faster than sperm traits and that head width evolves more slowly than head length and sperm length. We propose that conjugation with a spermatostyle evolved early within the history of Carabidae and that it has been lost independently at least three times.Research highlightsGround beetle sperm is morphologically diverse.Most species make sperm conjugates with a spermatostyle, and there is variation in sperm, spermatostyles, and conjugates.Sperm have dynamic evolutionary histories.

Qianaphaenops (Sanwangius) rowselli Tian et Chen, n. subgen., n. sp. is described from the Sanwang Dong-Erwang Dong cave system, northeastern Wulong, southern Chongqing, southwestern China. Sanwangius is markedly distinct by several important features from subgenera Qianaphaenops (s. str.) Uéno, 2000 and Tiankengius Tian et Huang, 2018. Larval characteristics of this new species are also provided. This is the first report of a Qianaphaenops species from Chongqing.

Description and illustration of two new Oxytrechus species from the páramos of the northern Ecuadorian Andes. O. chioriae n. sp. is distributed at high altitude on the Chimborazo volcano on the Occidental Cordillera; O. cayambeensis n. sp. is located on the Oriental Cordillera and colonizes the Cayambe volcano. The two species are compared to other Ecuadorian species and some considerations about the distribution pattern of South-American species of Oxytrechus are proposed.

Delgado, Pedro, Ruiz-Tapiador, Ildefonso (2019): Two new species of Oxytrechus Jeannel, 1927 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini) from Peru. Zootaxa 4565 (1), DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.6

Almost 200 years of continuous and systematic research in subterranean habitats of the Dinaric Karst and adjoining areas have resulted in the discovery of more than 400 specialized subterranean beetles. Among these, a special place belongs to the morphologically well distinguished and elusive, so called aphaenopsoid trechine beetles, which are characterized by a prolonged head, pronotum and appendages, and widened, ovoid-shaped elytra. Two new species of aphaenopsoid trechines – Derossiellalukicisp. n. from two deep pits on Mt Biokovo, Croatia, and Adriaphaenopspetrimarissp. n. from Pištet 4 Cave, Kameno more, Montenegro – are described, illustrated, and compared with closely related congeners. Identification keys for both genera and an annotated catalogue for all Adriaphaenops species, as well as data on the distribution and the ecology of these remarkable species, are provided and discussed.

The hypogean ground beetle genus Aspidaphaenops Uéno, 2006 is reviewed. Some new information of A. reflexus Uéno, 2006 is provided, including the male genital characteristics as well as a new locality. Two new species are described and illustrated from southwestern Guizhou Province, southwest China: A. xiongda n. sp. (Guizhou: Anlong: Fengyan Dong), A. dudou n. sp. (Guizhou: Xingyi: Xiaozi Dong). A key to all Aspidaphaenops species is also provided.

Two new species of anophthalmic ground beetles belonging to the subfamily Trechinae are described: Cimmeritodes (Zhecimmerites) parvus Tian & Li, sp. n. and Wanoblemus wui Tian & Fang, gen. n., sp. n. Both were discovered in the limestone caves of Anhui Province in eastern China. Cimmeritodes (Zhecimmerites) parvus was found in caves Ziwei Dong, Xianren Dong and Qingtai Dong, whereas Wanoblemus wui was discovered in cave Baiyun Dong. This is the first record of cavernicolous ground beetles in Anhui Province, eastern China.

The sperm structure of several species belonging to different tribes of the large Carabidae family is described. Some species of Nebriinae, such as Nebria brevicollis and Notiophilus biguttatus, have free conventional insect sperm. Their sperm type can be regarded as the ancestral model for Carabidae. All the other species examined, either with isolated sperm such as Calomera nemoralis, Scarites sp., Duvalius andreinii and Anillus florentinus or with spermatozeugmata and sperm associated to spermatostyles such as Typhloreicheia usslaubi, Brachinus italicus, Carabus convexus, Calathus fuscipes, Calathus montivagus, and Paraphorus mendax, showed sperm with long nucleus and a parallel axoneme running the length of the tail starting from the apical bell-like acrosome. C. nemoralis, like Cicindela campestris previously studied, has a sperm structure similar to that of several other Carabidae, confirming their correct assignment to the family. C. convexus has the same sperm structure as previously studied C. preslii and C. interstitialis, indicating that the spermatozeugmata of the group consist only of an apical cap in which the anterior sperm regions are embedded. Unlike other Carabidae with spermatozeugmata, Carabini have the typical sperm organization with acrosome, nucleus and flagellum in a regular sequence. A. florentinus, (Trechinae) shows major differences, such as the absence of an acrosome and an extremely long nucleus that reaches the end of the tail in close association with the axoneme. T. usslaubi (Scaritinae) has slender spermatozeugmata with orderly quartets of sperm. The posterior region of the sperm tail is also unusual, showing a perfect circular section and a plasma membrane reinforced by a dense underlying layer. The present observations confirm that spermatozeugmata, can vary in shape and size among different species of the Carabidae. Such diversity may be the result of the male reproductive strategy, different in each species, that enhances the efficiency of sperm transfer to the female.

External and internal thoracic structures of two carabid species (Trechini) were examined and documented with different techniques. The study has a main focus on the eyeless cave-dwelling specialist Sinaphaenops wangorum, but detailed information is also provided for a species occurring in cave entrances. The phylogenetic background of the structural features of the thoracic skeletomuscular system was addressed. The thoracic morphology of the examined species was compared to conditions observed in previously studied carabids and non-related subterranean leiodids (Staphylinoidea) in order to identify cave adaptations. Main thoracic character complexes linked with cavernicolous habits in Trechini are elongation of the pro- and mesothorax and the legs, and a complete and irreversible reduction of the flight apparatus. The lost flight capacity is linked with a far reaching modification of skeletal elements of the metathorax including a strongly shortened and simplified metanotum, a shortened metaventrite, and completely reduced wings and sclerites of the wing base. The elongate prothorax together with the long and slender head and elongated legs distinctly increases the activity range in the subterranean lightless environment, which likely facilitates foraging of the carnivorous beetles. Some of the observed features like wing loss and elongation of the anterior thorax and legs are also found in some cave-dwelling Leiodidae (Leptodirini), whereas some other subterranean members of the staphylinoid family have a compact body and legs of normal length. In contrast to the predaceous Trechini, Leptodirini are scavengers.

Xuedytes bellus Tian & Huang, gen. et sp. n. is described from a limestone cave in Du’an Karst of Guangxi, a kingdom of cavernicolous trechine beetles in southern China. From a morphological point of view, Xuedytes Tian & Huang, gen. n. seems to be the most extremely cave-adapted trechines in the world. Superficially, it looks much like Giraffaphaenops Deuve, 2002 in general body shape, in particular the structure of the prothorax, but simultaneously it is similar to Dongodytes (s. str.) Deuve, 1993, based on elytral characters, including chaetotaxy. Hence the new genus seems to represent a lineage intermediate between Giraffaphaenops and Dongodytes (s. str.).

Vrbica, Maja, Petrović, Andjeljko, Pantelić, Dejan, Krmpot, Aleksandar J., Rabasović, Mihailo D., Pavlović, Danica, Jovanić, Svetlana, Guéorguiev, Borislav, Goranov, Stoyan, Vesović, Nikola, Antić, Dragan, Marković, Ðorđe, Petković, Matija, Stanisavljević, Ljubiša, Ćurčić, Srećko (2018): The genus Pheggomisetes Knirsch, 1923 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) in Serbia: taxonomy, morphology and molecular phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 347-371, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx078

Three adult cave-dwelling ground beetle species were induced to discharge secretions of their pygidial glands into vials. Dichloromethane extraction was used to obtain the secretions. In total, 42 compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. Pheggomisetes ninae contained 32 glandular compounds, Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus 13, whereas Duvalius (Paraduvalius) milutini had nine compounds. Caproic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were present in the samples of all analyzed species. Undecane was predominant in the extract of L. punctatus. Palmitic acid was the major component in the secretion of D. milutini. Finally, the most abundant compounds in P. ninae secretion were heptacosene and nonacosadienes. Herein, we present the first data on the identification of pygidial gland secretion components in both troglophilous and troglobite cave-dwelling ground beetles. Some compounds are reported for the first time in the secretions of ground beetles and other higher or lower taxa. The adaptation to underground life has not led to a reduction or changes in the chemical defense mechanism in the analyzed troglophilous and troglobitic Platyninae and Trechinae taxa. Serbian Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development {[}173038, 172053, 173027]

A new subgenus and new species of anophthalmic trechine beetles, Oodinotrechus (Pingleotrechus) yinae subgen. n., sp. n., is described and illustrated from a limestone cave called Chaotianyan in southern part of Guilin karst, northeastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The new taxon is very different from the Maolan-Mulun congeners belonging to the nominate subgenus Oodinotrechus (s. str.) Uéno, 1998, in several important character states including pronotal structure, elytral chaetotaxy and male genitalia. It is the first record of a cavernicolous trechine beetle in Guilin karst, and in the eastern part of Guangxi. In addition, a distribution map for the genus Oodinotrechus Uéno, 1998, is provided.

Paralovricia gen. n. beroni sp. n., belonging to the new subtribe Lovriciina, is described from two caves in the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria): Kraypatnata peshtera, near Smilyan Village (Smolyan Municipality) and Snezhanka, near Peshtera Town (Peshtera Municipality). Three currently known genera, Lovricia Pretner, 1979, Neolovricia Lakota, Jalžić & Moravec, 2009 and Paralovricia gen. n. represent a monophyletic unit supported by important synapomorphies that allows to propose the establishment of the new subtribe Lovriciina, characterized by the following characters: last maxillary palpomeres very long and narrow, basal angles of pronotum without seta, elytra without discal setae, elytral umbilicate series of nine pores in which the main pores are the 2nd, 6th and 9th, apical recurrent striole absent and mesotibial apex expanded outward. Its systematic position within the subfamily Trechinae (sensu Lorenz 2005) is discussed and Lovriciina is placed near Anillina. Key to the genera of the subtribe is proposed. Distribution data and zoogeographical hypotheses are discussed.

Trechini ground beetles include some of the most spectacular radiations of cave and endogean Coleoptera, but the origin of the subterranean taxa and their typical morphological adaptations (loss of eyes and wings, depigmentation, elongation of body and appendages) have never been studied in a formal phylogenetic framework. We provide here a molecular phylogeny of the Pyrenean subterranean Trechini based on a combination of mitochondrial (cox1, cyb, rrnL, tRNA-Leu, nad1) and nuclear (SSU, LSU) markers of 102 specimens of 90 species. We found all Pyrenean highly modified subterranean taxa to be monophyletic, to the exclusion of all epigean and all subterranean species from other geographical areas (Cantabrian and Iberian mountains, Alps). Within the Pyrenean subterranean clade the three genera (Geotrechus, Aphaenops and Hydraphaenops) were polyphyletic, indicating multiple origins of their special adaptations to different ways of life (endogean, troglobitic or living in deep fissures). Diversification followed a geographical pattern, with two main clades in the western and central-eastern Pyrenees respectively, and several smaller lineages of more restricted range. Based on a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach, and using as an approximation a standard mitochondrial mutation rate of 2.3% MY, we estimate the origin of the subterranean clade at ca. 10 MY. Cladogenetic events in the Pliocene and Pleistocene were almost exclusively within the same geographical area and involving species of the same morphological type. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., This study was funded in part by the project Synthesys (ES-TAF-1540) to A.F. and I.R., the Société Entomologique de France (grants “Germaine Cousin”) to A.F., and the Spanish MICINN project CGL2007-61665 to I.R.

A new species of endogeous Trechinae from western Pyrenees (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Aphaenops (Geaphaenops) cissauguensis n. sp., new species of hypogean Trechinae collected in a pit of the western Pyrenees is described. Affinities of this insect with the other species of the subgenus Geaphaenops, composed of endogean species, are discussed., Aphaenops (Geaphaenops) cissauguensis n. sp., nouvelle espèce de Trechinae hypogé collectée dans le fond d’un gouffre des Pyrénées occidentales, est décrit. Les affinités de cet insecte avec les autres espèces du sous-genre Geaphaenops, composé d’espèces endogées, sont discutées., Faille Arnaud, Bourdeau Charles. Une nouvelle espèce de Trechinae endogé des Pyrénées occidentales (Coleoptera, Carabidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 113 (3), spetembre 2008. pp. 307-311.

The Anillinus langdoni–species group is characterized and two new species are described, Anillinus cieglerae Sokolov and Carlton sp. nov. and A. pusillus Sokolov and Carlton sp. nov., both from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The langdoni–group includes four species at present, three apparently endemic to the Great Smoky Mountains and adjacent mountains of western North Carolina/Tennessee, and a fourth from South Mountains of middle North Carolina. They are distinguished mainly using characters of the male genitalia and to a lesser extent, differences in shapes of female spermathecae. Phylogenetic analyses based on aedeagal morphology and COI gene sequences yielded conflicting results, with the later providing a phylogeny that was more parsimonious with expectations based on geographic distributions. Speciation within the group may derive from ecological constraints and altitudinal fluctuations of habitat corridors during past climate changes combined with the impact of local watersheds as fine scale isolating mechanisms.

Recent discoveries reveal that southern China’s karsts hold the most diverse and morphologically modified subterranean trechine beetles in the world, albeit the first troglobitic blind beetle was only reported in the early 1990’s. In total, 110 species belonging to 43 genera of cavernicolous trechines have hitherto been recorded from the karsts of southern China, including the following five new genera proposed below: Shiqianaphaenops Tian, gen. n., to contain two species: Shiqianaphaenops majusculus (Uéno, 1999) (= Shenaphaenops majusculus Uéno, 1999, comb. n.), the type species from Cave Feng Dong, Shiqian, Guizhou, and Shiqianaphaenops cursor (Uéno, 1999) (= Shenaphaenops cursor Uéno, 1999, comb. n.), from Cave Shenxian Dong, Shiqian, Guizhou; and the monotypic Dianotrechus Tian, gen. n. (the type species: Dianotrechus gueorguievi Tian, sp. n., from Cave Dashi Dong, Kunming, Yunnan), Tianeotrechus Tian & Tang, gen. n. (the type species: Tianeotrechus trisetosus Tian & Tang, sp. n., from Cave Bahao Dong, Tian’e County, Guangxi), Huoyanodytes Tian & Huang, gen. n. (the type species: Huoyanodytes tujiaphilus Tian & Huang, sp. n., from Longshan, Hunan) and Wanhuaphaenops Tian & Wang, gen. n. (the type species: Wanhuaphaenops zhangi Tian & Wang, sp. n., from Cave Songjia Dong, Chenzhou, Hunan).

The folding pattern of the endophallus in French species of the subtribe Bembidiina (Coleóptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). The folding pattern of the endophallus membranes was studied in french species of Bembidiina. Despite large variations in morphology or degree of sclerification of the same structures, this very complex folding pattern, the parts of which were described and figured, was unique among them. Main variations were described for different genera. Some past misinterpretations or confusions in structural relationships resulted from optical artefacts and were explained. A terminology based on the origin and position in the folding map of the copulatory sclerites was proposed to establish homologies between all species of french species of Bembidiina. It will probably be valid also for mondial fauna and could in future lead to discuss the phylogeny of the tribe Bembidiini., Le pliage des membranes constituant l'endophallus des Bembidiina a été étudié chez les espèces françaises. Il en résulte que ce pliage très complexe suit, en dépit de larges variations dans la forme et l'extension des parties sclérifiées, un plan général constant et unique dont les éléments sont décrits et figurés. Les variations de détail ou les particularités propres à différents genres sont décrites. L'attention est attirée sur les artefacts optiques pouvant entraîner des méprises ou des confusions quant aux relations entre les structures. Une terminologie unitaire, basée sur l'origine et la position des sclérites dans le plan de pliage des membranes, est proposée qui, au-delà des différences de structure tissulaire, de forme et de développement de chacun des éléments constitutifs, devrait permettre d'établir la correspondance des pièces décrites chez toute espèce de Bembidiina de la faune française et, vraisemblalement, mondiale. Cette terminologie devrait faciliter l'étude des homologies entre les différents genres de la tribu et pourrait déboucher sur des considérations phylogénétiques au sein des Bembidiini., Coulon Jacques. Structure de l'endophallus des espèces françaises de Trechinae de la sous-tribu des Bembidiina (Coleoptera, Carabidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 107 (5), décembre 2002. pp. 449-470.

Uenotrechus Deuve et Tian, 1999, one of the highly cave-adapted genera of the ground beetles, is reviewed. New record of the type species U. liboensis Deuve et Tian, 1999 and descriptions and illustrations of two remarkable new species are provided: Uenotrechus gejianbangi Tian et Wei, sp. n. (type locality: Cave Ji Dong, Neiwen Tun, Huanjiang County, northernmost Guangxi), Uenotrechus deuvei Tian et Chen, sp. n. (type locality: Cave Longmu Dong I, Du’an County, northern Guangxi). U. nandanensis bona sp. is proposed as an independent species. A distribution map and a key to all species of Uenotrechus are also given.

Nine new Trechisibus species from South America (Peru and Patagonian Argentina) were recently described (Allegro & Giachino 2016). Five of them were based on material labelled “Argentina, Neuquen, Pen. Quetrihué” offered to the authors for study by its collector (Riccardo Sciaky). Shortly after publication, Martin Donabauer kindly communicated that a mistake probably had occurred, as they are five well known European Trechus species from Koralpe (Austria) living in low subalpine forests at 1200–1700 m a.s.l. As a subsequent control allowed us to ascertain that the collector had stayed in Koralpe collecting some material, a mistake evidently occurred in labelling, misleading a correct taxonomic interpretation of these species by the authors.

Recent cave biodiversity surveys carried out in Du’an County and its adjacent areas of northwestern Guangxi, China, have revealed some exciting scientific findings. In a very limited area seven new species of the cavernicolous trechine genus Dongodytes Deuve, 1993 were found and are described: Dongodytes (s. str.) elongatus sp. n., Dongodytes (s. str.) troglodytes sp. n., Dongodytes (s. str.) lani sp. n., Dongodytes (Dongodytodes) brevipenis sp. n., Dongodytes (Dongodytodes) jinzhuensis sp. n., Dongodytes (Dongodytodes) inexpectatus sp. n. and Dongodytes (Dongodytodes) yaophilus sp. n. Diagnoses and notes on the genus, subgenera, and two known species in Du’an Karst, Dongodytes (s. str.) baxian Tian, 2011 and Dongodytes (Dongodytodes) deharvengi Tian, 2011, are also given. A key to subgenera and all species of Dongodytes is provided. To date, Dongodytes becomes one of the richest in species genera of subterranean carabid trechines in China with 12 species which are arranged into two subgenera. Dongodytes (s. str.) Deuve is composed of seven species, four of which from Du’an County, each of other three from Bama, Fengshan and Tian’e Counties, respectively. All species of the subgenus Dongodytodes Tian, 2011 are recorded from Du’an Karst. By having 10 species (nine Dongodytes and one Libotrechus Uéno, 1998), Du’an Karst holds the richest specific diversity of cavernicolous Trechinae in China. Dongodytes species are distributed in a very limited area of the river Hongshui He drainages in northwestern Guangxi, and the river acts as a natural barrier of Dongodytes dispersal at only a specific level. However, all members of Dongodytodes are recorded from the eastern or northern bank of Hongshui He.