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Tarphius furtadoi Borges & Serrano, new species (Fig. 11) Tarphius tornvalli in Gillerfors (1986b, p. 21) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1990, p. 112) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1991, p. 2) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005b, p. 207) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Orom�� et al. (2010, p. 232) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005b, p. 207) (S��o Jorge Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Orom�� et al. (2010, p. 232) (S��o Jorge Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (S��o Jorge Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Orom�� et al. (2010, p. 232) (Faial Isl.) Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Faial Isl.) Type locality. The Azores, Pico Island, Lagoa do Caiado. Type material. HOLOTYPE, male, deposited at DTPC, labeled: Lagoa do Caiado, Pico, A��ores, 4���19/03/ 1990 (UTM 26S 390266, 4257172); Paulo A. V. Borges & Fernando Pereira leg.. PARATYPES, PICO ISLAND: 280 specimens���Ch��o Verde Superior (T01) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mist��rio da Prainha), IX.1999 (4 exx), VII.2010 (1 ex.) (UTM 26S 388838, 4259774); Lagoa do Caiado - Euphorbias (T02) (Natural Forest Reserve of Lagoa do Caiado), IX.1999 (36 exx) (UTM 26S 390266, 4257172); Ch��o Verde Inferior (T03) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mist��rio da Prainha) IX.1999 (39 exx) (UTM 26S 388946, 4260693); Picos do Caveiro (T08) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), IX.1999 (6 exx), VII.2010 (23 exx) (UTM 26S 395274, 4255409); Caveiro Base (T09) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), IX.1999 (19 exx), VII.2010 (23 exx) (UTM 26S 394341, 4255080); Ch��o Verde Inferior Cima (T14) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mist��rio da Prainha), VII.2000 (8 exx) (UTM 26S 389041, 4260364); Ch��o Verde Superior Perpendicular (T15) (Natural Forest Reserve of Mist��rio da Prainha), VII.2000 (2 exx) (UTM 26S 389035, 4259508); Lagoa do Caiado���Frente a Lagoa (T16) (Natural Forest Reserve of Lagoa do Caiado), VIII.2000 (21 exx) (UTM 26S 390537, 4257057); Lagoa do Caiado���Frente a Euphorbias (T17) (Natural Forest Reserve of Lagoa do Caiado), VIII.2000 (28 exx) (UTM 26S 390661, 4257058); Caveiro, Prado (T20) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), VIII.2000 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 394533, 4255179); Caveiro, Morro (T21) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), VIII.2000 (47 exx) (UTM 26S 394055, 4255376); Caveiro, Meio da Reserva (T22) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caveiro), VIII.2000 (22 exx) (UTM 26S 396643, 4255074) (collected with pitfall traps; Paulo A. V. Borges et al. leg.). FAIAL ISLAND: 142 specimens���Cabe��o dos Trinta, IX.2009 (3 exx) (UTM 26S 348327, 4271670), Fernando Pereira, leg.; Cabe��o do Fogo (T03) (Natural Forest Reserve of Cabe��o do Fogo), IX.2010 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 346239, 4272261); Caldeira do Faial (T10) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caldeira do Faial), IX.2010 (10 exx) (UTM 26S 351110, 4271917); Caldeira do Faial (TB26) (Natural Forest Reserve of Caldeira do Faial), IX.2010 (128 exx) (UTM 26S 350857, 4272272), (collected with pitfall traps; Paulo A. V. Borges et al. leg.). S��O JORGE ISLAND: 52 specimens���Ribeira Seca, VIII.2003 (32 exx) (UTM 26S 415675, 4273358) (collected by hand; Isabel R. Amorim & Paulo A. V. Borges leg.); Pico Pinheiro Inferior (T13) (Natural Forest Reserve of Pico Pinheiro), VIII.2004 (14 exx) (UTM 26S 409256, 4278677); Topo Euphorbia (T16) (Natural Forest Reserve of Topo), VIII.2004 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 422871, 4271075); Pico Pinheiro Erical (T09) (Natural Forest Reserve of Pico Pinheiro), IX.2010 (5 exx) (UTM 26S 408602, 4277888) (collected with pitfall traps; Paulo A. V. Borges et al. leg.). Deposited at FCULC, SNM and DTPC. Etymology. The species is named after the Azorean naturalist Francisco Arruda Furtado (1854���1887) who was one of the first Portuguese followers of the Darwin's theory of evolution. Diagnosis (Fig. 11). Small to medium species (2.60���4.24 mm; mean: 3.23�� 0.41 mm); body dorsal surface uniform reddish to reddish-brown, antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellowish-brown; body arched (convex); pronotum small and narrower than elytra, transverse, On average 1.45 times as broad as long (1.29x to 1.62x), disc with dense, large rounded granules, each one with a yellowish long, thin, erect rigid long and sub-obtuse seta, with lateral sides slightly rounded and maximum width at middle (Fig. 4 C). Differs from the most related species in some morphometrics (see Appendix S5), namely: - differs from T. tornvalli in having smaller W elytra/pronotum and L elytra/pronotum ratios, and larger W/L elytra and W/L pronotum ratios; and - differs from T. relictus sp. nov. by its larger size and in having smaller L elytra/ Lpronotum, W/L elytra and W/ L pronotum ratios. Description. Body length of holotype: 3.18 mm; small to medium size (length 2.60���4.24 mm; mean: 3.23�� 0.41 mm); width 1.42 mm ��� 2.17 mm (mean: 1.71�� 0.20 mm), body convex and subquadrate-ovate, reddish or reddish-brown, setose, with rigid setae and large granules. Head: Genae parallel; anterior clypeal margin straight; vertices protrude under the anterior margin of pronotum; surface brown or reddish brown, lighter in clypeus, with dense medium granules, except in clypeus which is more or less smooth, each one with one semi-erect fine hair-like seta slightly directed anteriorly; eyes clearly protruding, glabrous; antennae with segment II smaller than III, segment III 1.3x longer than IV, IV and V equal length, segments VII���IX as long as wide, compact club 2-segmented (segments X and XI); mouth-parts with mandibles brown, the other pieces lighter showing the general morphological pattern of the genus. Pronotum: Transverse, on average 1.45 times as broad as long, but quite variable (1.29x to 1.62x); surface dark brown, lateral parts reddish, widened in the middle; in general, shape of pronotum as rounded as T. tornvalli (cf. Figs 7 and 11) anterior margin deeply bisinuate, anterior angles strongly protruding and acuminate; hind margin largely bisinuate, in middle broadly produced rearwards; lateral margins arcuate with two irregular rows of long, fine and acuminate setae (20���25 each one) (Fig. 12), slightly or without sinuation just before the posterior angles which are prominent; disc with a clear median longitudinal sulcus, half latero-posterior region with a slight nodule; a distinct transverse channel just before the extreme base between the two lateral notches; lateral surface variable in terms of flatness; dorsal upper surface with dense distinct large rounded granules, gradually diminishing in diameter to the sides, each one with one rigid erect sub-obtuse yellowish or golden seta (Fig. 12); ratios width pronotum/width elytra 0.91��0.03 and length pronotum/length elytra 0.58��0.05 (see Appendix S6). Elytra: On average 0.92 times as broad as long, quite variable (0.84x to 1.09x); in general 1.10 times (mean) broader than pronotum, but less variable than in T. tornvalli (1.03x to 1.18x); disc reddish-brown, reddish laterally, convex, rugosely seriate-punctate, and wrinkled transversally on dorsal surface which is covered with dense granules each one with an erect rigid long and sub-obtuse yellowish or golden seta, with lateral sides slightly rounded and maximum width at middle (Figs. 4 C and D); nodules or gibbosities very distinct with a pattern formula 2, 3, 2, 1, covered with setae more aggregate which confers a pom-pom appearance. Ventral side. Prosternum as granulose as mesosternum and metasternum; grooves on anterior half of prosternal sides slightly present. Legs. Tibia normal not expanded apically; tarsi 4-segmented, simple, first three tarsomeres of all legs and in both sexes covered ventrally with several very long hyaline fine setae. Aedeagus: Similar to T. tornvalli (see Fig. 6 in Gillerfors 1985). Bionomics. Most specimens were collected in pitfall traps (Borges et al. 2005a), but also under the bark of endemic trees and under the bark of dead trunks of exotic trees (Cryptomeria japonica; Acacia sp.)., Published as part of Borges, Paulo A. V., Amorim, Isabel R., Terzopoulou, Sofia, Rigal, Fran��ois, Emerson, Brent C. & Serrano, Artur R. M., 2017, Cryptic diversity in the Azorean beetle genus Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae): An integrative taxonomic approach with description of four new species, pp. 401-449 in Zootaxa 4236 (3) on pages 418-421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/322231, {"references":["Gillerfors, G. (1986 b) Contribution to the coleopterous fauna of the Azores. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 38, 16 - 27.","Borges, P. A. V. (1990) A checklist of Coleoptera from the Azores with some systematic and biogeographic comments. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 42, 87 - 136.","Borges, P. A. V. (1991) Two new species of Tarphius Erichson, 1848 (Coleoptera, Colydiidae) from the Azores. Bocagiana, 143, 1 - 11.","Borges, P. A. V., Vieira, V., Dinis, F., Jarroca, S., Aguiar, C., Amaral, J., Aarvik, L., Ashmole, P., Ashmole, M., Amorim, I. R., Andre, G., Argente, M. C., Arraiol, A., Cabrera, A., Diaz, S., Enghoff, H., Gaspar, C., Mendonca, E. P., Gisbert, H. M., Goncalves, P., Lopes, D. H., Melo, C., Mota, J. A., Oliveira, O., Oromi, P., Pereira, F., Pombo, D. T., Quartau, J. A., Ribeiro, S. P., Rodrigues, A. C., Santos, A. M. C., Serrano, A. R. M., Simoes, A. M., Soares, A. O., Sousa, A. B., Vieira, L., Vitorino, A. & Wunderlich, J. (2005 b) List of arthropods (Arthropoda) In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Martins, A. M. F., Silva, L. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional de Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 163 - 221.","Oromi, P., Serrano, A. R. M. & Borges, P. A. V. (2010) Coleoptera (Coordination) In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Cascais, pp. 222 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msn 083","Gillerfors, G. (1985) Two new species of the genus Tarphius Erichson from the Azores and redescription of Tarphius wollastoni Crotch (Coleoptera, Colydiidae) Bocagiana, 85, 1 - 7.","Borges, P. A. V., Aguiar, C., Amaral, J., Amorim, I. R., Andre, G., Arraiol, A., Baz, A., Dinis, F., Enghoff, H., Gaspar, C., Ilharco, F., Mahnert, V., Melo, C., Pereira, F., Quartau, J. A., Ribeiro, S., Ribes, J., Serrano, A. R. M., Sousa, A. B., Strassen, R. Z., Vieira, L., Vieira, V., Vitorino, A. & Wunderlich, J. (2005 a) Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardized sampling of soil epigean arthropods. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 2029 - 2060. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 004 - 4283 - y"]}

Tarphius tornvalli Gillerfors, 1985 (Fig. 7) Tarphius tornvalli in Gillerfors (1985, p. 5) (S. Miguel Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1990, p. 112) (S. Miguel Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1991, p. 2) (S. Miguel Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005b, p. 207) (S. Miguel Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Orom�� et al. (2010, p. 232) (S. Miguel Isl.) Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (S. Miguel Isl.) Type locality. The Azores, S��o Miguel Island, Furnas. Type material. There is one Holotype deposited in Museu Municipal do Funchal, Madeira and the remaining type series is deposited in the collection of G. Gillerfors and A. Tornvalli in Gothenburg, Sweden. Additional material examined. Graminhais, 12/08/1989 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 654557 4185354); Tronqueira, 11���12/08/1989 (5 exx) (UTM 26S 657757 4186138); Santo Ant��nio, S��o Miguel, A��ores, 12/08/1989 (1 ex) (UTM 26S 656878 4188871) (Paulo A. V. Borges & Fernando Pereira leg.); Miradouro da Tronqueira (T01) (Natural Forest Reserve of Pico da Vara), VIII.1999 (162 exx), VI.2 0 10 (88 exx) (UTM 26S 659806 4184815); Santo Ant��nio (T02) (Natural Forest Reserve of Atalhada), VIII.1999 (157 exx) (UTM 26S 6 56878 4188871); Graminhais (T03) (Natural Forest Reserve of Graminhais), VIII.1999 (58 exx), VI.2010 (2 exx) (UTM 26S 654557 4185354); Miradouro da Tronqueira Inferior (T04) (Natural Forest Reserve of Pico da Vara), VIII.1999 (152 exx), VI.2010 (18 exx) (UTM 26S 659850 4184997); Santo Ant��nio (T06) (Natural Forest Reserve of Atalhada) VIII.1999 (106 exx) (UTM 26S 656905 4188787); Ribeira dos Graminhais (T07) (Natural Forest Reserve of Graminhais), VIII.1999 (5 exx), VI.2010 (7 exx) (UTM 26S 654 838 4185138); Pico da Vara (T08) (Natural Forest Reserve of Pico da Vara), VII.1999 (3 exx) (UTM 26S 657757 4186138); Santo Ant��nio, Conteiras (T12) (Natural Forest Reserve of Atalhada), VI.2004 (53 exx) (UTM 26S 657009 4188841); Santo Ant��nio, Precip��cio (T13) (Natural Forest Reserve of Atalhada), VI.2004 (128 exx) (UTM 26S 657016 4188637); Ribeira dos Graminhais (T14) (Natural Forest Reserve of Graminhais), VI.2004 (5 exx) (UTM 26S 654669 4185360); Graminhais (T15) (Natural Forest Reserve of Graminhais), VI.2004 (13 exx) (UTM 26S 654385 4185571); (Paulo A. V. Borges et al. leg.); Material deposited in DTPC. Redescription (adapted from Gillerfors 1985). Diagnosis (Fig. 7). Small to medium species (2.37���3.77 mm; mean: 3.08��0.44); body dorsal surface uniform reddish to reddish brown, antennae, mouth-parts and legs of the same body colour or a slightly clearer hue; body strongly arched (convex); pronotum small and narrower than elytra, disc with dense, large rounded granules, each one with a yellowish erect rigid needle-like acuminate seta (Fig. 4 A). Elytra nodules or gibbosities very distinct with a pattern formula 2, 3, 2, 1. Differs from the most related species in some morphometrics (see Appendix S5): - larger than T. relictus sp. nov.; and - differs from T. furtadoi sp. nov. in having: larger W elytra/pronotum ratio; larger L elytra/pronotum ratio.; smaller ratio W/L elytra; smaller W/L pronotum. Description. Length 2.37���3.77 mm (mean: 3.08��0.44); width 1.19���1.99 mm (mean: 1.60��0.23), body convex and subquadrate-ovate, reddish to reddish-brown, setose, with large granules. Head: Genae parallel; anterior clypeal margin straight; vertices protrude under the anterior margin of pronotum; surface reddish dark brown with dense medium granules, except in clypeus which is more or less smooth, each one with one semi-erect fine hair-like seta slightly directed anteriorly; eyes clearly protruding, glabrous; antennae with segment II shorter than III, segment III 1.5x longer than IV, length of IV and V equal, segments VII���IX as long as wide, compact club 2-segmented (segments X and XI); mouth-parts with mandibles brown, the other pieces lighter showing the general morphological pattern of the genus. Pronotum: Transverse, on average 1.41 times as broad as long, but quite variable (1.22x to 1.59x); surface reddish dark brown, widened in the middle, half posterior-lateral region with a slight nodule; anterior margin deeply bisinuate, anterior angles strongly protrude and acuminate (Fig. 8); hind margin largely bisinuate, in middle broadly produced rearwards; lateral margins arcuate with two irregular rows of long, fine and acuminate setae (20���25 each one) (Fig. 8), slightly sinuate just before the posterior angles which are clearly prominent; disc with a clear median longitudinal sulcus; a distinct transverse channel just before the extreme base between the two lateral notches; lateral surface variable in terms of flatness; dorsal upper surface with dense distinct large rounded granules, gradually diminishing in diameter to the sides, each one with one rigid erect needle-like yellowish seta (Fig. 8); ratios width pronotum/width elytra 0.87��0.04 and length pronotum/length elytra 0.55��0.04 (see Appendix S6). Elytra: On average 0.90 times as broad as long, but quite variable (0.82x to 1.10x); in general 1.16 times (mean) broader than pronotum, but also quite variable (1.08x to 1.32x); disc concolorous (reddish dark brown), convex, rugosely seriate-punctate, and wrinkled transversally on dorsal surface which is covered with dense granules, each one with an erect rigid needle-like acuminate yellowish seta (Fig. 4 A); nodules or gibbosities very distinct with a pattern formula 2, 3, 2, 1, covered with setae more aggregate that confer a pom-pom appearance. Ventral side. Prosternum as granulose as mesosternum and metasternum; grooves on anterior half of prosternal sides slightly present. Legs. Tibia normal not expanded apically; tarsi 4-segmented, simple, first three tarsomeres of all legs and in both sexes covered ventrally with several very long hyaline fine setae. Aedeagus: See Fig. 6 in Gillerfors (1985). Bionomics. Most specimens were collected in pitfall traps (Borges et al. 2005a), but also under the bark of endemic and exotic trees., Published as part of Borges, Paulo A. V., Amorim, Isabel R., Terzopoulou, Sofia, Rigal, Fran��ois, Emerson, Brent C. & Serrano, Artur R. M., 2017, Cryptic diversity in the Azorean beetle genus Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae): An integrative taxonomic approach with description of four new species, pp. 401-449 in Zootaxa 4236 (3) on pages 410-414, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/322231, {"references":["Gillerfors, G. (1985) Two new species of the genus Tarphius Erichson from the Azores and redescription of Tarphius wollastoni Crotch (Coleoptera, Colydiidae) Bocagiana, 85, 1 - 7.","Borges, P. A. V. (1990) A checklist of Coleoptera from the Azores with some systematic and biogeographic comments. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, 42, 87 - 136.","Borges, P. A. V. (1991) Two new species of Tarphius Erichson, 1848 (Coleoptera, Colydiidae) from the Azores. Bocagiana, 143, 1 - 11.","Borges, P. A. V., Vieira, V., Dinis, F., Jarroca, S., Aguiar, C., Amaral, J., Aarvik, L., Ashmole, P., Ashmole, M., Amorim, I. R., Andre, G., Argente, M. C., Arraiol, A., Cabrera, A., Diaz, S., Enghoff, H., Gaspar, C., Mendonca, E. P., Gisbert, H. M., Goncalves, P., Lopes, D. H., Melo, C., Mota, J. A., Oliveira, O., Oromi, P., Pereira, F., Pombo, D. T., Quartau, J. A., Ribeiro, S. P., Rodrigues, A. C., Santos, A. M. C., Serrano, A. R. M., Simoes, A. M., Soares, A. O., Sousa, A. B., Vieira, L., Vitorino, A. & Wunderlich, J. (2005 b) List of arthropods (Arthropoda) In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Martins, A. M. F., Silva, L. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional de Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 163 - 221.","Oromi, P., Serrano, A. R. M. & Borges, P. A. V. (2010) Coleoptera (Coordination) In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Cascais, pp. 222 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msn 083","Borges, P. A. V., Aguiar, C., Amaral, J., Amorim, I. R., Andre, G., Arraiol, A., Baz, A., Dinis, F., Enghoff, H., Gaspar, C., Ilharco, F., Mahnert, V., Melo, C., Pereira, F., Quartau, J. A., Ribeiro, S., Ribes, J., Serrano, A. R. M., Sousa, A. B., Strassen, R. Z., Vieira, L., Vieira, V., Vitorino, A. & Wunderlich, J. (2005 a) Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardized sampling of soil epigean arthropods. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 2029 - 2060. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 004 - 4283 - y"]}

Tarphius gabrielae Borges & Serrano, new species (Fig. 13) Tarphius azoricus in Gillerfors (1986a, p. 21) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius depressus in Borges et al. (2005b, p. 207) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius depressus in Orom�� et al. (2010, p. 232) (Pico Isl.) Tarphius depressus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Pico Isl.) Type locality. The Azores, Pico Island, Lagoa do Caiado. Type material. HOLOTYPE, male, deposited at DTPC, labeled: Lagoa do Caiado, 18/08/2003, (UTM 26S 390266, 4257172) (Ant��nio Machado leg.). PARATYPES, Lagoa do Caiado, 18/08/2003 (7 exx); Lagoa do Caiado, VIII.2009 (2 exx), (UTM 26S 390 266, 4257172), (Fernando Pereira leg.). Deposited at FCULC, SNM and DTPC. Etymology. The name refers to the bryologist and naturalist Rosalina Gabriel in honor of her important work in the study of Azorean native forests. Diagnosis (Fig. 13). Medium to large species (3.24���4.64 mm; mean: 3.72�� 0.39 mm); body dorsal surface uniform reddish to reddish-brown, antennae, mouth-parts and legs reddish; body arched (convex); lateral margins of pronotum clearly arcuate (Fig. 6 C) in contrast with a more straight latera-posterior sides in T. depressus (Fig. 6 E) small and narrower than elytra, transverse. On average 1.39 times as broad as long (1.35x and 1.42x), disc with dense, medium rounded granules, each one with a yellowish medium, obtuse, semi-erect rigid seta (Fig. 5 C); width ratio pronotum/ elytra 0.95��0.15 (see Appendix S6). Description. Body length of holotype: 4.50 mm; medium to large size (length 3.24���4.64 mm; mean: 3.72�� 0.39 mm); width 1.61 mm ��� 2.20 mm (mean: 1.82�� 0.18 mm), body convex and subquadrate-ovate, reddish or reddishbrown, setose, with rigid obtuse setae and medium granules. Head: Genae parallel; anterior clypeal margin straight; vertices protrude under the anterior margin of pronotum; surface brown or reddish brown, lighter in clypeus, with dense medium granules, except in clypeus which is more or less smooth, each one with one semi-erect fine hair-like seta slightly directed anteriorly; eyes clearly protruding, glabrous; antennae with segment II shorter than III, segment III longer than IV, V a little shorter than IV, VI shorter than V, segments VI���VIII as long as wide, compact club 2-segmented (segments X and XI); mouth-parts with mandibles brown, the other pieces lighter showing the general morphological pattern of the genus. Pronotum: Transverse, on average 1.39 times as broad as long, little variable (1.35x to 1.42x); surface reddish-brown to reddish, widened in the middle; anterior margin deeply bisinuate, anterior angles strongly protrude and acuminate (Fig. 6 C); hind margin largely bisinuate, in middle broadly produced rearwards; lateral margins arcuate (Fig. 6 C), contrasting with straight lateral sides in T. depressus (Fig. 6 E) with two irregular rows of medium, semi-erected obtuse setae (30���32 each one) (Fig. 6 C), slightly sinuate just before the posterior angles which are prominent; disc with a clear median longitudinal sulcus, half medium latera-posterior region with a slight nodule; a distinct transverse channel just before the extreme base between the two lateral notches; lateral surface variable in terms of flatness; dorsal upper surface with uniformly dense distinct medium rounded granules, each one with one rigid semi-erect obtuse yellowish seta (Fig. 6 C); ratios width pronotum/width elytra 0.95 +0.15 and length pronotum/length elytra 0.60+0.02 (see Appendix S6). Elytra: On average 0.88 times as broad as long, little variable (0.82x to 0.91x); in general 1.06 x (mean) as broad as pronotum, and 1.67x (mean) as long as pronotum (in T. depressus 1.5x), at shoulders distinctly broader than pronotum between hind angles; disc reddish to reddish-brown, convex, rugosely seriate-punctate, and wrinkled transversally on dorsal surface which is covered with dense granules each one with a recumbent, obtuse yellowish or golden seta (Fig. 5 C); nodules or gibbosities distinct with a pattern formula 3, 3, 2, 1, covered with setae more aggregate conferring a pom-pom appearance. Ventral side. Prosternum as granulose as mesosternum and metasternum; grooves on anterior half of prosternal sides slightly present. Legs. Tibia normal not expanded apically; tarsi 4-segmented, simple, first three tarsomeres of all legs and in both sexes covered ventrally with several very long hyaline fine setae. Aedeagus: Similar to T. tornvalli (see Fig. 6 in Gillerfors 1985). Bionomics. Most specimens were collected in dead twigs of Euphorbia stygiana., Published as part of Borges, Paulo A. V., Amorim, Isabel R., Terzopoulou, Sofia, Rigal, Fran��ois, Emerson, Brent C. & Serrano, Artur R. M., 2017, Cryptic diversity in the Azorean beetle genus Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae): An integrative taxonomic approach with description of four new species, pp. 401-449 in Zootaxa 4236 (3) on pages 421-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/322231, {"references":["Gillerfors, G. (1986 a) Two new species of Tarphius Erichson (Coleoptera, Colydiidae) and a new species of Mniophilosoma Wollaston (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from the Azores. Bocagiana, 98, 1 - 10.","Borges, P. A. V., Vieira, V., Dinis, F., Jarroca, S., Aguiar, C., Amaral, J., Aarvik, L., Ashmole, P., Ashmole, M., Amorim, I. R., Andre, G., Argente, M. C., Arraiol, A., Cabrera, A., Diaz, S., Enghoff, H., Gaspar, C., Mendonca, E. P., Gisbert, H. M., Goncalves, P., Lopes, D. H., Melo, C., Mota, J. A., Oliveira, O., Oromi, P., Pereira, F., Pombo, D. T., Quartau, J. A., Ribeiro, S. P., Rodrigues, A. C., Santos, A. M. C., Serrano, A. R. M., Simoes, A. M., Soares, A. O., Sousa, A. B., Vieira, L., Vitorino, A. & Wunderlich, J. (2005 b) List of arthropods (Arthropoda) In: Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Martins, A. M. F., Silva, L. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Direccao Regional de Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores, Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada, pp. 163 - 221.","Oromi, P., Serrano, A. R. M. & Borges, P. A. V. (2010) Coleoptera (Coordination) In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Cascais, pp. 222 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msn 083","Gillerfors, G. (1985) Two new species of the genus Tarphius Erichson from the Azores and redescription of Tarphius wollastoni Crotch (Coleoptera, Colydiidae) Bocagiana, 85, 1 - 7."]}

Helochares lividus (Forster, 1771) Material. 18 AdUlT SpEcImEnS. COllEcTEd On 03/x/2012. "LAgOA dO CAIAdO"���PIcO ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 390945 4257289; OnE AdUlT SpEcImEn. 20/Ix/2012. "LAgOA dO CAldEIr��O GrAndE"���S��O MIgUEl ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 610277 4186665. Habitat. Helochares lividus IS WIdESprEAd And lOcAllY AbUndAnT In nATUrAl pOndS, ESpEcIAllY In pOndS rIch In SIlTY SUbSTrATES (RIbErA et al. 1996b And DEnTOn 2013). ThE SpEcIES cAn AlSO bE fOUnd In ArTIfIcIAl EnVIrOnmEnTS SUch AS dITchES Or ArTIfIcIAl pOndS (DOnISThOrpE 1913; PIcAzO et al. 2010). Azorean habitat. ThE SpEcIES hAS bEEn dETEcTEd In A lArgE VArIETY Of hAbITATS And EnVIrOnmEnTAl cOndITIOnS. IT hAS bEEn rEgISTErEd In TEmpOrArY And pErmAnEnT pOndS, lAkES And ArTIfIcIAl TAnk-WATEr, lOcATEd In nATIVE fOrEST And In ArEAS clOSE TO pASTUrElAndS, frOm 387 TO 912 m. A.S.l. ThE AQUATIc SYSTEmS hAd pH VAlUES rAngIng frOm 4.9 TO 9.9, ThE dISSOlVEd OxYgEn cOncEnTrATIOn rAngEd frOm 4.2 TO 10.7 10.7 mg L���1, WhIlE ThE ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY prESEnTEd lOW VAlUES (frOm 28.8 TO 79.5 ��S cm���1). World distribution. ThIS SpEcIES hAS A WESTErn PAlEArcTIc dISTrIbUTIOn. IT IS prESEnT In EUrOpE, ASIA And NOrTh AfrIcA (GArrIdO-GOnz��lEz et al. 1996; HAnSEn 1996; HAnSEn 2004; KArAmAn et al. 2008). Azores distribution. ThE SpEcIES hAd OnlY bEEn prEVIOUSlY rEcOrdEd In TErcEIrA ISlAnd. WITh ThIS nEW rEcOrd, ThE ArEA Of dISTrIbUTIOn In ThE AzOrES ISlAndS ExpAndS TO PIcO And S��O MIgUEl ISlAndS (SEE FIg. 1)., Published as part of Lamelas-L��pez, Lucas, Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel, Borges, Paulo A. V. & Florencio, Margarita, 2017, Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status, pp. 117-132 in Zootaxa 4353 (1) on pages 124-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1064562

Hygrotus confluens (Fabricius, 1787) Material. OnE AdUlT SpEcImEn. COllEcTEd On 15/V/2014. ArTIfIcIAl TAnk-WATEr - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 471955 4289511; ThrEE AdUlTS And OnE lArVA. 16/V/2014. ArTIfIcIAl TAnk-WATEr - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 476038 4287687; OnE lArVA. 16/V/2014. ArTIfIcIAl TAnk-WATEr - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 476465 4287767; OnE AdUlT And OnE lArVA. 23/V/2014. ArTIfIcIAl TAnk-WATEr - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 481296 4285624; TWO SpEcImEnS. COllEcTEd bY IgnAcIO RIbErA. 03/Ix/2012. " CASAS dA FAlcA" - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 475521 4286501; 11 SpEcImEnS. COllEcTEd bY IgnAcIO RIbErA. 03/Ix/2012. "LAgOA dO GInjAl" - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. 26 S 486263 4282967. Habitat. Hygrotus confluens IS USUAllY fOUnd In pErmAnEnT pOndS WITh mInErAlIzEd WATErS And In TEmpOrArY ShAllOW pOndS, WITh SpArSE AQUATIc VEgETATIOn. ThE SpEcIES IS AlSO frEQUEnTlY fOUnd In SmAll ArTIfIcIAl pOndS (PIcAzO et al. 2010) And In ThE cATTlE TAnkS (RIbErA & AgUIlErA 1995; RIbErA et al. 1996A). Azorean habitat. ThE SpEcIES hAS bEEn fOUnd In hAbITATS ASSOcIATEd WITh hUmAn AcTIVITIES, lIkE ArTIfIcIAl TAnk- WATEr lOcATEd In mEdIUm-hIgh AlTITUdE (498- 793 m.A.S.l.) WITh bASIc WATErS (pH VAlUES rAngIng frOm 9.9 TO 10.3), dISSOlVEd OxYgEn cOncEnTrATIOnS rAngIng frOm 7.8 TO 11.2 mg L���1 And ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY rAngIng frOm 50 TO 112 ��S cm���1). ThE SpEcIES hAS AlSO bEEn dETEcTEd In A dITch In An AgrO-fOrESTrY ArEA AT 550 m. A.S.l. And In An AnThrOpOgEnIc dISTUrbEd pOnd, In InTEnSIVElY mAnAgEd pASTUrElAnd AT 390 m. A.S.l. And ExhIbITIng lArgE cOVEr Of AQUATIc VEgETATIOn (mAInlY Potamogeton Spp.). World distribution. EUrOpE, ASIA And NOrTh AfrIcA (FErY 2003). Azorean distribution. ThE SpEcIES IS prESEnT In S��O MIgUEl, SAnTA MArIA And fOr ThE fIrST TImE IS rEcOrdEd fOr TErcEIrA ISlAnd (SEE FIg. 1)., Published as part of Lamelas-L��pez, Lucas, Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel, Borges, Paulo A. V. & Florencio, Margarita, 2017, Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status, pp. 117-132 in Zootaxa 4353 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1064562

Enochrus fuscipennis (Thomson, 1884) Material. OnE AdUlT SpEcImEn. COllEcTEd On 15/V/2014. ArTIfIcIAl TAnk-WATEr - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 471955 4289511; fIVE AdUlT SpEcImEnS. 21/V/2014. "LAgOA dAS PATAS " - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 478548 4287528; 13 AdUlT SpEcImEnS. 23/V/2014. "LAgOA dO PIcO dO ArEEIrO" - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 483574 4285357; FOUr AdUlT SpEcImEnS. 03/x/2012. "LAgOA dO CAIAdO" - PIcO ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 390945 4257289; ThrEE SpEcImEnS. COllEcTEd bY IgnAcIO RIbErA. 03/Ix/2012. "LAgOA dO NEgrO" - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 476639 4287739. Habitat. ThIS SpEcIES IS cOmmOnlY fOUnd In pOndS And OThEr AQUATIc hAbITATS (BIlTOn et al. 2009), SUch AS nATUrAl pOndS ASSOcIATEd WITh SmAll And cOnTInUOUS SUrfAcE drAInAgE SYSTEmS (PIcAzO et al. 2010). IT IS AlSO prESEnT In STrEAmS (P��rEz-BIlbAO et al. 2010) And STAgnAnT WATErS rIch In OrgAnIc mATTEr (VAllAdArES 1995). E. fuscipennis IS A cOmmOn SpEcIES In TEmpOrArY pOndS In ThE MEdITErrAnEAn rEgIOnS. ThESE pOndS USUAllY ExhIbIT lOW ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY VAlUES (55.0 ��S cm���1) And lArgE cOVEr Of EmErgEnT VEgETATIOn (ArOUnd 86%). ThIS SpEcIES hAS bEEn AlSO fOUnd In pErmAnEnT pOndS WITh hIghEr VAlUES Of ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY (485.9 ��S cm���1) And A mEdIUm cOVEr Of EmErgEnT VEgETATIOn (ArOUnd 62%) (P��rEz-BIlbAO et al. 2014). Azorean habitat. ThIS SpEcIES hAS bEEn rEgISTErEd In SEVErAl AQUATIc SYSTEmS, (I) In nATUrAl pOndS WITh lOW cOVEr Of EmErgEnT VEgETATIOn (25-50%) lOcATEd AT mEdIUm AlTITUdE (bETWEEn 448 TO 553 m. A.S.l.), pH VAlUES rAngIng frOm 5.2 TO 6.9, lOW VAlUES Of ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY (frOm 37.9 TO 49.5 ��S cm���1) And dISSOlVEd OxYgEn cOncEnTrATIOn Of 7.1 mg L���1; (II) In A dISTUrbEd pOnd WITh SlIghTlY AcId WATErS (pH VAlUE 5.6), lOW ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY (38.8 ��S cm���1) And dISSOlVEd OxYgEn cOncEnTrATIOn Of 7.1 mg L���1; (III) And In ArTIfIcIAl TAnk-WATEr AT hIgh AlTITUdE (736 m. A.S.l.), WITh bASIc WATErS (pH VAlUE 9.9), lOW ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY (60.5 ��S cm���1) And dISSOlVEd OxYgEn cOncEnTrATIOn Of 10.7 mg L���1. World distribution. Enochrus fuscipennis hAS A WESTErn PAlEArcTIc dISTrIbUTIOn, OccUpYIng EUrOpE, NEAr EAST And CEnTrAl ASIA (VAllAdArES 1995; HAnSEn 2004). Azorean distribution. ThIS SpEcIES hAd nOT bEEn cITEd fOr ThE AzOrES. OUr nEW rEcOrdS cOnfIrm ITS prESEncE In TErcEIrA And PIcO ISlAndS, AS WEll AS fOr ThE fIrST TImE In ThE AzOrES ArchIpElAgO (SEE FIg. 1)., Published as part of Lamelas-L��pez, Lucas, Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel, Borges, Paulo A. V. & Florencio, Margarita, 2017, Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status, pp. 117-132 in Zootaxa 4353 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1064562

Ochthebius freyi d���Orchymont, 1940 Material. SIx SpEcImEnS. COllEcTEd bY IgnAcIO RIbErA. 04/Ix/2012. ROckpOOlS In S��O PEdrO- TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 479719 4278623. Habitat. ROck pOOlS (ISrAElSOn 1984). IT mAY AlSO bE fOUnd In TErrESTrIAl EnVIrOnmEnTS clOSE TO ThE cOASTlInE (SVEnSSOn 1973). World distribution. Ochthebius freyi IS An EndEmIc SpEcIES In ThE AzOrES ArchIpElAgO. Azores distribution. FlOrES, FAIAl And S��O MIgUEl ISlAndS. OUr nEW rEcOrdS cOnfIrm ITS prESEncE In TErcEIrA ISlAnd (SEE FIg. 1)., Published as part of Lamelas-L��pez, Lucas, Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel, Borges, Paulo A. V. & Florencio, Margarita, 2017, Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status, pp. 117-132 in Zootaxa 4353 (1) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1064562

Agabus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1767) Material. OnE AdUlT SpEcImEn And TWO lArVAE. COllEcTEd On 13/VII/2011. "CAldEIr��O" - COrVO ISlAnd. UTM: 25 S 662065 4397306. Habitat. ThIS SpEcIES IS A cOmmOn SpEcIES InhAbITIng A lArgE VArIETY Of AQUATIc hAbITATS InclUdIng SmAll rIVErS, pOndS, lAkES And EnVIrOnmEnTS WITh pEbblY dEpThS, SIlT And mArgInAl VEgETATIOn. ThIS TAxOn AlSO InhAbITS TEmpOrArY pOndS And hUmAn-mAdE rESErVOIrS (FrIdAY 1988; DOnISThOrpE 1913; PIcAzO et al. 2010; DrOTz et al. 2012). Azorean habitat. ThIS SpEcIES hAS bEEn fOUnd In pErmAnEnT And TEmpOrArY pOndS, frEQUEnTlY lOcATEd In mEdIUm-hIgh AlTITUdES (bETWEEn 500 TO 912 m. A.S.l.), AlThOUgh IT hAS AlSO bEEn ObSErVEd In lOW AlTITUdES (390 m. A.S.l. "CAldEIr��O - COrVO) And In cATTlE TAnkS. A. bipustulatus USUAllY OccUrS In AcIdIc WATErS (pH VAlUES rAngIng frOm 4.4 TO 7.1) And OxYgEnATEd WATErS (dISSOlVEd OxYgEn cOncEnTrATIOn VAlUES rAngIng frOm 6.7 TO 8.1 mg L���1). World distribution. Agabus bipustulatus hAS A PAlEArcTIc dISTrIbUTIOn. WIdESprEAd And ExTEndEd In EUrOpE, NOrTh AfrIcA And SOmE rEgIOnS Of AfrIcA (SErrAnO & BOrgES 1987; DrOTz et al. 2003; DrOTz et al. 2012). Azorean distribution. AzOrES IS ThE WESTErnmOST ArEA In ThE dISTrIbUTIOnAl rAngE Of ThIS SpEcIES. IT IS prESEnT In FlOrES, PIcO, S��O JOrgE And TErcEIrA ISlAndS. OUr nEW rEcOrd cOnfIrmS ThE prESEncE In COrVO ISlAnd (SEE FIg. 1)., Published as part of Lamelas-L��pez, Lucas, Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel, Borges, Paulo A. V. & Florencio, Margarita, 2017, Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status, pp. 117-132 in Zootaxa 4353 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1064562

Gyrinus distinctus Aub��, 1836 Material. FIVE AdUlT SpEcImEnS And OnE lArVA. COllEcTEd On 23/V/2014. "LAgOA FUndA" - TErcEIrA ISlAnd. UTM: 26 S 472391 4287599. Habitat. Gyrinus distinctus InhAbITS In lAkES (FrIdAY 1988), cOASTAl ArEAS Of ThE rESErVOIrS And In SlOW-mOVIng rIVErS, In frESh Or brAckISh WATErS (SVEnSSOn 1977; KıYAk et al. 2006). DUE TO ITS AbIlITY TO flY, ThE SpEcIES cAn dISpErSE TO OThEr pOndS WhEn ThE OrIgInAl hAbITATS drY OUT (DOnISThOrpE 1913). Azorean habitat. WE hAVE fOUnd ThIS SpEcIES OnlY In "LAgOA FUndA", WhIch IS A frEShWATEr pErmAnEnT pOnd nEAr TO nATIVE VEgETATIOn pATchES, In ThE "RESErVA NATUrAl InTEgrAl dE SAnTA B��rbArA", ApprOxImATElY AT 850 m. A.S.l. ThIS pOnd hAd AcIdIc WATErS (pH VAlUE Of 5.5), WATEr ElEcTrIc cOndUcTIVITY Of 28.0 ��S cm���1 And dISSOlVEd OxYgEn cOncEnTrATIOn Of 8.3 mg L���1. World distribution. ThIS SpEcIES IS WIdESprEAd And dISTrIbUTEd In EUrOpE, ASIA And RUSSIA (ZAITSEV 1972; BrInck 1978; FrAncIScOlO 1979; GUEOrgUIEV 1981; HOlmEn 1987). Azorean distribution. ThIS SpEcIES hAS bEEn dETEcTEd In ThE S��O MIgUEl, SAnTA MArIA, PIcO, FAIAl And FlOrES ISlAndS. ThE nEW rEcOrd cOnfIrmS ThE prESEncE In TErcEIrA ISlAnd (SEE FIg. 1)., Published as part of Lamelas-L��pez, Lucas, Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel, Borges, Paulo A. V. & Florencio, Margarita, 2017, Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status, pp. 117-132 in Zootaxa 4353 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1064562

Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. AIM: We used a phylogenetic framework to examine island colonization and predictions pertaining to differentiation within Macaronesian Tarphius (Insecta, Coleoptera, Zopheridae), and explain the paucity of endemics in the Azores compared with other Macaronesian archipelagos. Specifically, we test whether low diversity in the Azores could be due to recent colonization (phylogenetic lineage youth), cryptic speciation (distinct phylogenetic entities within species) or the young geological age of the archipelago. LOCATION: Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands), northern Portugal and Morocco. METHODS: Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes of Tarphius beetles of the Azores, other Macaronesian islands and neighbouring continental areas were used to investigate the origin of island biodiversity and to compare patterns of colonization and differentiation. A comparative nucleotide substitution rate test was used to select the appropriate substitution rate to infer clade divergence times. RESULTS: Madeiran and Canarian Tarphius species were found to be more closely related to each other, while Azorean taxa grouped separately. Azorean taxa showed concordance between species and phylogenetic clades, except for species that occur on multiple islands, which segregated by island of origin. Divergence time estimates revealed that Azorean Tarphius are an old group and that the most recent intra-island speciation event on Santa Maria, the oldest island, occurred between 3.7 and 6.1 Ma. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our phylogenetic approach provides new evidence to understand the impoverishment of Azorean endemics: (1) Tarphius have had a long evolutionary history within the Azores, which does not support the hypothesis of fewer radiation events due to recent colonization; (2) the current taxonomy of Azorean Tarphius does not reflect common ancestry and cryptic speciation is responsible for the underestimation of endemics; (3) intra-island differentiation in the Azores was found only in the oldest island, supporting the idea that young geological age of the archipelago limits the number of endemics; and (4) the lack of evidence for recent intra-island diversification in Santa Maria could also explain the paucity of Azorean endemics. Phylogenetic reconstructions of other species-rich taxa that occur on multiple Macaronesian archipelagos will reveal whether our conclusions are taxon specific, or of a more general nature.

This work provides an overview of the hypogean fauna from the Madeira archipelago, presenting a list of obligated cave-dwelling species. A total of 6 troglobiont species in 5 orders have been described to date. The cave fauna in Madeira can be considered poor when compared with either the local epigean fauna or the cave fauna of other Macaronesian archipelagos. Curious is the occurrence of one wood-louse cave species (Trichoniscus bassoti), which apparently is the only troglobite living in more than one Macaronesian archipelago (Canaries and Madeira). Major problems related to the conservation of cave fauna are discussed, but it is clear that the protection of this specialized fauna requires the adequate management of surface habitats.

Borges, Paulo A. V., Oromí, Pedro, Serrano, Artur R. M., Amorim, Isabel R. (2007): Biodiversity patterns of cavernicolous ground-beetles and their conservation status in the Azores, with the description of a new species: Trechus isabelae n. sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Zootaxa 1478: 21-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176791

Trechus isabelae Borges & Serrano, new species (Figs. 1���3) Type material: Holotype, male, Azores, S��o Jorge, Algar do Morro Pelado (= Algar do Montoso), 5��� 11.VII. 2004. (P.A.V. Borges & F. Pereira leg.). Paratypes 1 female, same locality as holotype, 7���11.V. 2004 (P.A.V. Borges & F. Pereira leg.); 2 males and 1 female, same locality as holotype, 5���11.VII. 2004 (P.A.V. Borges & F. Pereira leg.); The Holotype and two paratypes (1 male, 1 female) are deposited at the University of the Azores, Terceira (���Arruda Furtado��� Collection); one paratype (female) is deposited at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, and the other one (male) at the University of La Laguna, Dep. of Animal Biology. Additional material: One male was collected in the same locality (7���11.V. 2004) for molecular analysis. Etymology. The species is named after Isabel Amorim who has discovered several new species of Trechus in the Azores. Diagnosis. Large species (4.8���5.38 mm) (Fig. 1), dark brown pigmentation, with some lighter parts; appendages less pigmented (light brown), tibiae and tarsomeres with the same colour patterns as the femora; pronotum as dark as elytra. Eyes slightly convex; 3 rd antennomere longer than 2 nd; pronotum rather cordiform and transverse, with lateral furrows larger than in T. terrabravensis; wingless. Description. Length of holotype: 5.18 mm. Length of female specimens: 4.80���5.38 mm. Large size, convex and ovate. Head almost 1.30 x as wide as long (females: 1.29���1.42), 0.78 x narrower than pronotum (females: 0.74���0.78); eyes well-developed (0.025 mm), moderately convex, diameter of eyes as long as temples; temples with microchaetae. Frons slightly convex, the frontal furrows deeply curved and rounded. Anterior margin of labrum very concave. Maxillary palpi long and slender. Chaetotaxy: two pairs of supraocular setae; four setae in clypeus (outer ones larger); six setae on labrum, the outer ones being the largest. Antennae 2.99 mm long (females: 2.74���2.99 mm), reaching only the first quarter of elytra; the 3 rd antennomere 1.32 x longer than 2 nd (females, 1.11 x��� 1.14 x); 1 st antennomere 2.0x longer than wide (females, 1.88 x ��� 2.0x), 2 nd antennomere 2.33 x longer than wide (females: 2.60 x ��� 2.67 x), 6 th��� 8 th antennomeres 2.5 x longer than wide (females: 2.67 x ��� 3.0x), 9 th��� 10 th antennomeres 2.31 x longer than wide (females: 2.14 x ��� 2.8 x), 11 th antennomere 2.92 x longer than wide (females: 2.86 x ��� 3.6 x). Pronotum convex, cordiform, highly transverse, 1.31 x as broad as long (females: 1.30 x��� 1.34 x); side margins curved till hind angle; anterior angles obtuse; hind angles obtuse, well marked and protruding; basal border emarginated; lateral furrows larger than in T. terrabravensis; basal fovea well marked. Chaetotaxy: the anterior seta is located in the second quarter and the posterior seta located in the hind angle. Elytra ovate with rounded shoulders, 1.64 x wider than pronotum (females: 1.50 x��� 1.70 x) and 1.42 x as long as broad (females: 1.29 x��� 1.50 x); apex rounded, lateral furrows canaliculated; striae all well marked and interstriae convex. Recurrent striae less curved than in T. terrabravensis, but well connected to the 5 th. Chaetotaxy: umbilical series typical of Trechus; preapical seta nearer the suture than to the apex; the first discal seta in the 3 rd stria is located in the anterior quarter and the second discal seta approximately in the center. Aedeagus with apex of median lobe bent down (lateral view) (Fig. 2 a); Left and right parameres with 4 setae each (Fig. 2 b). Ecological notes. The specimens were all sampled inside Algar do Morro Pelado, a volcanic pit of great dimensions (140 m deep) located at 1000 m a.s.l. (Fig. 3). The surrounding area consists of natural grassland and is under the European NATURA 2000 network protection. The cave was visited in May and July 2004 during two biospeleological expeditions organized by GESPEA and ���Os Montanheiros���. The pit has two large superimposed chambers. The lower and larger chamber has the darkest conditions (with 150 m x 70 m and about 50 m height) and is 140 m deep. The upper chamber is 30���40 m deep and has permanent access to sunlight with some darker parts. Due to logistics, only the upper chamber was sampled using 20 traps baited with fresh cow liver. All specimens were sampled alive in traps located deep inside the chamber, in very humid spots and protected from direct sunlight. The habitat is similar to that of Trechus jorgensis in the volcanic pit Algar das Bocas do Fogo (also in S��o Jorge, but at 385 m a.s.l.) and Trechus terceiranus in Algar do Carv��o (Terceira). Taxonomic notes. The new species, as well as T. montanheirorum, presents the median lobe of aedeagus (lateral view) with a similar form (cf. Fig. 2 a with Fig. 6 in Oromi & Borges 1991). However, particular features of the head and pronotum length and width, form and length of eyes and the location of the preapical setae of elytron, easily separate the two species (Table 1). Besides length of body and some features of the eyes, pronotum and apical angle of elytron, the form of median lobe in lateral view (mainly the apex bent down) separates also the new species from all the others occurring in Azores. The general morphological aspect of T. isabelae n. sp. resembles also the epigean Trechus terrabravensis (endemic to Terceira island), but is larger and easily distinguishable by the larger size of the 3 rd antennomere, which is longer than the 2 nd. Taking into account the comparison of aedeagus and all analysed characters, the new species seems to have a closer relationship with T. montanheirorum (see also Amorim 2005), a species that occurs in a different but adjacent island (Pico)., Published as part of Borges, Paulo A. V., Orom��, Pedro, Serrano, Artur R. M. & Amorim, Isabel R., 2007, Biodiversity patterns of cavernicolous ground-beetles and their conservation status in the Azores, with the description of a new species: Trechus isabelae n. sp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae), pp. 21-31 in Zootaxa 1478 on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176791

Key to the Azorean species of Trechus (modified from Borges et al. 2004) 1 Apical angle of elytra rounded..................................................................................................................... 2 - Apical angle of elytra pointed or sharp angled............................................................................................ 7 2 Larger species, length> 3.5 mm; lateral margins of pronotum markedly sinuated before the basis, degree of pigmentation variable.............................................................................................................................. 3 - Length 3.0– 3.2 mm; lateral margins of pronotum hardly sinuated before basis; clearly dark pigmented species............................................................................................................................ torretassoi Jeannel 3 3 rd antennomere subequal to 2 nd................................................................................................................. 4 - 3 rd antennomere longer than 2 nd.................................................................................................................. 5 4 Pronotum cordiform and highly transverse (index W/L = 1.35), with lateral furrow very narrow (epigean species) ...................................................................................... terrabravensis Borges, Serrano & Amorim - Pronotum less transverse (index W/L = 1.26); lateral furrow larger (beetles occurring in entrance of caves) ................................................................................................................. montanheirorum Oromí & Borges 5 Body depigmented with a convex and ovate aspect.................................................................................... 6 - Body pigmentation dark brown, with some lighter parts; appendages less pigmented (light brown); body more depressed ........................................................................................................... isabelae new species 6 Aedeagus with apex of lamella slightly blunt; known from Pico .................................... picoensis Machado - Aedeagus with apex of median lobe deeply curved upwards; known from Faial....................................................................................................................................................... oromii Borges, Serrano & Amorim 7 Apical angle of elytra sharp (sometimes notched), forming a small protruding point; total length 3.6–4.3 mm .............................................................................................................................. terceiranus Machado - Apical angle of elytra sharp (forming a right angle); total length 8 Slightly pigmented on elytra and pronotal disc; aedeagus in lateral view with apex of median lobe more or less straight and pointed; left paramere with 4 setae ........................... pereirai Borges, Serrano & Amorim - Depigmented; aedeagus in lateral view with apex of the median lobe sharpened and slightly curved upwards; left paramere with 5 setae.................................................................. jorgensis Oromí & Borges

Copyright © 2002 Asociación Europea de Coleopterología. Submitted by Paulo Borges (pborges@uac.pt) on 2013-04-12T12:27:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 8_Platia&Borges.pdf: 709467 bytes, checksum: 008ac24af895ffb4d5997939b3013a6b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T14:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8_Platia&Borges.pdf: 709467 bytes, checksum: 008ac24af895ffb4d5997939b3013a6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002

Copyright © 1999 Asociación Europea de Coleopterología. In this work Catops velhocabrali sp. n. is described from Santa Maria (Azores), on two males and a single female specimen collected in three different habitats at the highest point of the island. Catops velhocabrali sp. n. is the first species of Cholevidae (Coleoptera) recorded for the Azores. The new species is compared with its nearest relatives from Canary Islands, C. thurepalmi Szymczakowski, 1975 endemic from Gran Canaria and C. antoniomachadoi Palm, 1975 endemic from Tenerife. A key as well as some data on the ecology and distribution of the Macaronesian Catops Paykull, 1798 is provided. Finally, all the known Macaronesian Cholevidae is listed and new data on their ecology and distribution is provided. The new species, C. velhocabrali sp. n., was sampled at the top biodiversity hotspot from the Azores, the Pico Alto that remnants of climax pattern of indigenous forest. As in the Canaries, one of the specimens was collected in the Mesocavernous Shallow Stratum (MSS). It is suggested that the older age of S. Maria (one of the smaller Azorean islands) probably explains the presence of this habitat specialized species.

Copyright © 1992 Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural). After 140 years of study, the Azorean beetle fauna is, in some islands, still poorly known, with 51 families. 305 genera, and 524 species present in the whole archipelago (61 of which - 11.6% - seem to be endemic). The intention of this account was to investigate which factors could best predict the number of species from each Azorean island. The correlations between the known distribution of the Azorean Coleoptera per island (total species, autochthonous species, total of endemics, exclusive endemics), and the area distance from mainland altitude and geological age were computed. We found that there were good correlations between the species diversity and the geological age of the islands, most remarkable being the value of r=0,83 (p

Copyright © 1987 Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural). Os autores apresentam neste trabalho uma lista de 86 espécies de Coleópteros do arquipélago dos Açores. Desta lista, 15 espécies são citadas pela primeira vez para este arquipélago sendo 7 igualmente novas para a Macaronésia. São ainda referenciadas várias espécies pela primeira vez para as ilhas Santa Maria (16), S. Miguel (3). Terceira (75), S. Jorge (1), Graciosa (2) e Corvo (2). ABSTRACT: The authors present in this account a list of 86species of Coleoptera. Fifteen of these are reported for the first time for the Azores Archipelago, seven of which are new to Macaronesia. The number of new records for each island is: Santa Maria 16, S. Miguel 3, Terceira 75, S. Jorge 1, Graciosa 2 and Corvo 2.

Copyright © 1989 Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural). Os autores apresentam neste trabalho os resultados do estudo duma colecção de coleópteros (Insecta, Coleoptera) capturados durante uma Expedição (Verão 1987) às ilhas da Terceira, S. Jorge e Graciosa (Arquipélago dos Açores). Da lista elaborada resultam duas novidades para o arquipélago: "Philonthus rectangulus" Sharp e "Phloeopora testacea" Mannerheim. São ainda referidas pela primeira vez: 1 espécie para Sta. Maria, 1 para S. Miguel, 22 para a Terceira, 28 para S. Jorge e 59 para a Graciosa. ABSTRACT: The authors present an account on Coleoptera collected during an Expedition (Summer 1987) to three islands of the Azores (Terceira, S. Jorge and Graciosa). Two new records for the Azores ("Philonthus rectangulus" Sharp and "Phloeopora testacea" Mannerheim) are given. The number of records new to individual islands are : St. Maria 1, S. Miguel 1, Terceira 22, S. Jorge 28 and Graciosa 59.