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In this study, changes in the post-harvest fruit quality of 'Crimson Tide' watermelon variety grafted onto Nun9075 and ungrafted ‘Crimson Tide’ were investigated. Watermelons were grown at the Alata Horticultural Research Institute, Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey, and stored at 4°C and 90-95% relative humidity for 5 weeks. The total soluble solid and titratable acid contents, weight loss, fungal decay, physiological disorders, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, total phenolic substance and sugars were evaluated. Quality analyses were determined at weekly intervals throughout the storage period. The results demonstrated that weight loss of grafted and control fruits were found to be very low (1%) during the storage. Fungal and physiological disorders were not observed in grafted or control watermelon fruits during storage. Total soluble solid, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic substance contents of the ‘Crimson Tide’ variety grafted onto Nun9075 were higher than in the control fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apple fruit can be stored for long periods of time, especially with the use of controlled atmosphere storage, but like many fruits and vegetables are susceptible to water loss. Water loss can result in compromised appearance such as skin shriveling, as well as loss of firmness, and reduced saleable weight, which in turn affect the income of growers and other industry stakeholders. Preharvest factors that can influence water loss in apples during the postharvest period include climate, cultivar, fruit size, tree age, orchard practices, and harvest maturity. Postharvest factors such as the storage temperature, relative humidity, storage type, and duration can also affect water loss in apple fruit during storage. The mechanisms of cuticle biosynthesis in water permeance, the role of stomata and lenticels, microcracking, crosstalk with mechanical injuries, storage disorders, and decay incidence during the storage of apples are reviewed. Additionally, the review summarizes: preharvest and postharvest factors influencing water loss; recent management strategies including pre-cooling, cold storage, controlled atmospheres, packaging, and anti-senescence chemicals; the use of edible coatings, as well as other non-chemical approaches for modulating water loss and maintaining storage quality. The review also provides direction for the industry to manage this destructive problem in the postharvest supply chain of apple fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest problems that threaten the production of strawberry in the world is the rapid damage and high rate of deterioration after harvest or during cold storage. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the possibility of decreasing the post-harvest damage percentages and increasing the fruit quality of Fragaria x ananassa cv. 'Estavana' after harvest immediately or during the cold storage period. The strawberry plants were dipped for 3 to 5 minutes at 25 α in a solution of 10 L made from distilled water and containing salicylic acid (SA) at 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L or chitosan (CHIT) at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L during the period of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 16 days after harvesting. The results showed that the fruit firmness was notably decreased, and the loss and decay percentages were increased by increasing the period of storage, but it could be decreased by using SA or CHIT. Fruit content from soluble solids, total sugars and anthocyanin was significantly increased in the 16 days stored fruits treated with 500 mg/L SA or 50mg/L CHIT. Treating the fresh harvested without or with SA or CHIT increased the fruit content from vitamin C. The highest fruit content from titratable acidity was in the fresh harvested fruits compared with treated fruits with SA or CHIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit storage is optimized at the lowest safe temperature to maximize storage life whilst avoiding chilling or freezing injury. The few published studies of freezing in kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) have been conducted with A. chinensis var. deliciosa 'Hayward' fruit, with freezing temperatures reported in the range of −1.5 °C to −2.5 °C. In China, a large number of kiwifruit cultivars have been commercialized recently, with at least ten being commonly planted. In this research, freshly harvested fruits from 45 kiwifruit germplasm accessions were measured for freezing point, soluble solids content (SSC) and water content (WC). The difference in freezing point of different tissue zones within a fruit and after different periods of cold storage were determined for the fruit of three representative main cultivars: the green-fleshed 'Hayward', the red-fleshed A. chinensis var. chinensis 'Donghong', and the yellow-fleshed interspecific hybrid A. eriantha × A. chinensis 'Jinyan'. The the freezing point of kiwifruit was found to be highly correlated with the SSC. This relationship was found irrespective of whether the measurement was made at harvest, at different places in the fruit, or after ripening during storage. These findings agree with previous reports for kiwifruit and other fruits, although it appears that the relationship may differ among kiwifruit cultivars, something not previously reported and which requires further confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem solved is to determine safer and more effective technologies for post-harvest processing of fruits. To achieve the goal, lemon fruits (of different degrees of wilting) were cut crosswise, each piece was treated with miramistin and deсasan in concentrations of 0.1 %, 0.3 %, and 0.5 %. The samples were placed on agar blocks with pure cultures of pathogens and placed in wet Petri dishes, kept at a temperature of 25 °C in a thermostat for 6–10 days; the experiment was repeated three times. The research aimed to establish the concentration of antimicrobial drugs for treating lemons; determine the weight loss of lemon fruits depending on the storage temperature. The object of the study is the process of preserving the quality of lemon fruits during post-harvest treatment with antiseptics during cold storage. It is proposed to treat lemon fruits with miramistin and deсasan in concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.5 % in order to inhibit the development of blue and green mold during storage. Damage to turgor fruits is two times less than that of weakly wilted ones. At a storage temperature of 10 °C, fruits are stored for 40–45 days. At the same time, daily losses are 0.49 %. Lowering the storage temperature to 4 °C extends the storage period to 90–100 days, with a daily mass loss of 0.08 %. A curvilinear correlation dependence of the second order of weight loss of lemon fruits on the duration of storage was established (R2=0.9758–0.9903). Treatment with antiseptics makes it possible to implement environmentally friendly solutions that will make it possible to exclude chemically synthesized fungicides and preserve the natural properties of fresh citrus fruits after harvesting, as well as extend their shelf life. In the development of new, lowcost, environmentally friendly, and affordable technologies, this is an important technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study presents a method for inhibiting ethylene production during the room-temperature storage of plum fruits, using gaseous ozone (O3). The proposed storage strategy involves the cyclic ozone treatment of fruits every 24 h with specified O3 doses. Throughout the storage period, cyclic analyses of the atmosphere composition in storage chambers were conducted, measuring ethylene and carbon dioxide levels. Several parameters describing changes in fruit quality and biochemical transformations were systematically monitored until the end of the storage process. The results clearly indicate that fruits subjected to cyclic ozone treatment with the highest O3 doses during storage exhibit the slowest ripening rate. This reduced ripening rate is primarily attributed to the downregulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase expression, leading to a lower ethylene concentration in the storage chambers. Other obtained results concerning soluble solid content, titratable acidity, total polyphenols, anthocyanins, and vitamin C content confirm the observations regarding the impact of ozone treatment in slowing down the fruit ripening process. The best outcomes were achieved by applying a cyclic ozone process with a 100 ppm dose for 30 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, so it is considered one of the most suitable methods to maintain overall fruit quality, reduce decay and extend the shelf life of fruit during storage. Therefore, two experiments using fruits harvested from 14-year-old guava trees in a private farm located in Al-Busayli village, Rashied, Bohaira governorate, Egypt, during the 2021and 2022 seasons. The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of essential oils on the overall quality and extension of the shelf-life of winter guava fruit. The fruits were subjected to various treatments, including dipping in the following solutions (at 1000 ppm) for 5 minutes: control (distilled water), clove oil, eucalyptus oil, mustard oil, and jojoba oil. Subsequently, the coated fruits with essential oils were preserved in cold room with a temperature of 7±1°C and a relative humidity of 90 – 95 % for a duration of 24 days. The obtained data revealed that immersing in essential oils of winter guava fruits at concentration of 1000 ppm significantly reduced loss in weight of fruit, rot and respiration rate in addition its also improved fruit firmness. SSC%, acidity, SSC/acid ratio and ascorbic acid content compared to control treatment during cold storage. Moreover, the results show a significant reduction in loss of weight, decay, and respiration rate of guava fruits when Eucalyptus and clove oils were utilized. Furthermore, the applications of Eucalyptus and clove oils demonstrated effectiveness in keeping firmness, acidity, vitamin C content, SSC%, and SSC/acid ratio in guava fruits during the storage. In conclusion, Eucalyptus oil and cloves oil proved to be highly effective in reduce weight loss, decay, and respiration rates while concurrently maintaining the overall quality of winter guava fruits under cold storage conditions for a duration of 24 days, in comparison to the other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of pre-harvest calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) treatment on fruit quality attributes of three apple cultivars (‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Red Chief ’) at harvest and after two and four months of cold storage during two consecutive years was studied. Trees were sprayed four times starting from the beginning of June at 20-day intervals. After harvest, fruits were stored in a regular atmosphere (RA) for further analysis. Measurements included fruit weight, weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), total sugars (TS), TS/TA, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). CaCl2 had a positive impact on fruit firmness of all cultivars in both years. Higher values of TSS and TS of ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ were determined in CaCl2 treatment in both years. TSS, TS and TS/TA were increased by prolonging storage in ‘Red Chief’ in CaCl2 treatment and control, in both years. TSS and TS proved similarly stable in ‘Granny Smith’ during storage in CaCl2 treatment and control in the second year of examination, but a decrease of TA and TS/TA has been detected in both years of storage. The AA of cultivars ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ and ‘Red Chief ’ was stronger affected by the storage compared to CaCl2 treatment. Through a comprehensive analysis of apple cultivars it can be concluded that pre-harvest application of CaCl2 in cultivars ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ and ‘Red Chief ’ can be used to improve fruit quality during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the fermented matrix on the color and the stability of anthocyanins contained in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa D.) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) preparations for fruit yogurts, as well as soy-based (Glycine max L. Merr.) and bean-based (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yogurt alternatives, stored for 8 weeks, was evaluated. To produce the fermented bean matrix, germinated seeds of white and black beans were used. The obtained fermented matrices had similar pH levels, while the soy-based and black bean-based yogurt alternatives were characterized by their high content of isoflavone aglycones and phenolic acids. The degradation of anthocyanins in strawberry and blueberry fermented products during storage followed first-order reaction kinetics. Significant differences were found depending on the fermented plant-based matrix. The fermented soy-based matrix demonstrated the highest T1/2 values for total anthocyanins (26.3 and 88.8 weeks for strawberry and blueberry products, respectively), whereas the yogurts exhibited the lowest values (13.3 and 49.3 weeks for strawberry and blueberry products, respectively). In the comparison of anthocyanin degradation during the storage of bean-based products, the pigments in the matrix obtained from fermented black beans showed better stability. During storage, the loss of anthocyanins was higher in strawberry products than in blueberry products, particularly with respect to malvidin and petunidin derivatives and acylated anthocyanins, which exhibited high stability. The total color difference (ΔE*) of blueberry plant-based products after an 8 week storage period ranged from 1.1 to 1.5. This data suggests that the addition of a coloring ingredient for industrial production may not be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Duke cherry is a non-climacteric fruit but deteriorates quickly during storage due to thin pericarp and succulent fruit tissue. The application of edible coatings, essential oils, or their combination is an appropriate technique to maintain the quality characteristics and reduce the deterioration of fruits during storage. This research assessed the effect of Aloe vera gel (AVG), thymol, and their combined use on the physicochemical and qualitative properties of duke cherries kept at 5 °C and 80% relative humidity for 28 d. Results: Compared to the uncoated fruits, duke cherries coated with a combination of AVG and thymol, showed more values of firmness (12.76–100.32%), total phenol (9.99–45.09%), antioxidant activity (7.90–84.56%), and sensory scores(50.15–100.00%), as well as the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) (12.03–185.11%) and catalase (CAT) (10.20–243.66%) enzymes during cold storage. Moreover, duke cherries coated with a combination of AVG and thymol had remarkably lower values of weight loss (32.57–42.67%), respiration rate (34.96–49.78%), stem browning (24.50–50.53%), spoilage percentage (84.55–100%), anthocyanin (14.21–23.16%), and total soluble solids/titratable acidity (TSS/TA) (35.64–50.15%), as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (16.66–32.35%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (15.23–31.05%). Conclusion: The application of AVG and thymol, particularly their combination, can have a high practical potential to extend shelf-life and preserve the quality of duke cherries during cold storage. This treatment has various advantages including natural, edible, cost-effective, and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apples are available all year round since they can be stored for long time. However, the expression of the major apple allergen Mal d 1 can increase in the fruit during storage and incease so the risk of allergies in sensitive consumers. Therefore, we studied the change in the expression of the Mal d 1 gene during storage in the modern cultivar UEB 32642 (known under the brand name Opal®) and the cultivar Gala Brookfield (cv. Gala) as a reference. The cultivars were stored under two different conditions, ultra-low oxygen (ULO) and standard cold conditions. The gene expression was evaluated both in fresh fruits and in fruits stored for four, six, and nine months. Nine isoforms of the gene Mal d 1 with the highest published expression were quantified using real-time PCR. The most expressed isoforms Mal d 1.01, Mal d 1.02 and Mal d 1.06A were found in the fresh and also in the stored fruits. The expression of the Mal d 1.03G and Mal d 1.06D isoforms was higher in the stored fruits. Our study confirmed that (i) Opal® had a lower overall expression of the Mal d 1 gene than cv. Gala, both in the fresh and stored fruits; (ii) standard cold storage is superior in preserving lower Mal d 1 levels in Opal®apples compared to the ULO conditions; and (iii) less expressed isoforms may be responsible for the general increase in the Mal d 1 gene expression during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sichuan is the China's leading producer of loquat, with the largest cultivation area and yield ranked first in China. Loquat is a seasonal fruit highly appreciated by consumers; however, the fruit is prone to browning and lignification after harvest, affecting its storage quality. The effects of L-Cysteine (L-Cys, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1%) on the sensory quality and antioxidant activity of loquat fruit during cold storage at 4 °C for 35 days and simulated shelf life for 5 days were investigated. The results showed that after 40 days of storage, compared with the control, 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA treatment of 'Zaozhong No. 6' loquat fruit effectively reduced the weight loss rate, browning index, decay index, respiratory rate, firmness, and lignin content and slowed the decreases in total soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acidityand vitamin C contents. The application of 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA significantly increased the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, flavanols, and carotenoids; delayed the increase of relative electric conductivity, MDA, POD, and PPO activities; and significantly enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and FRAP, thereby improving antioxidant capacity. In summary, 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA treatment promotes the quality of loquat fruit after 40 days of storage, and significantly enhances antioxidant capacity, thus delaying senescence after harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apples are available all year round since they can be stored for long time. However, the expression of the major apple allergen Mal d 1 can increase in the fruit during storage and incease so the risk of allergies in sensitive consumers. Therefore, we studied the change in the expression of the Mal d 1 gene during storage in the modern cultivar UEB 32642 (known under the brand name Opal®) and the cultivar Gala Brookfield (cv. Gala) as a reference. The cultivars were stored under two different conditions, ultra-low oxygen (ULO) and standard cold conditions. The gene expression was evaluated both in fresh fruits and in fruits stored for four, six, and nine months. Nine isoforms of the gene Mal d 1 with the highest published expression were quantified using real-time PCR. The most expressed isoforms Mal d 1.01, Mal d 1.02 and Mal d 1.06A were found in the fresh and also in the stored fruits. The expression of the Mal d 1.03G and Mal d 1.06D isoforms was higher in the stored fruits. Our study confirmed that (i) Opal® had a lower overall expression of the Mal d 1 gene than cv. Gala, both in the fresh and stored fruits; (ii) standard cold storage is superior in preserving lower Mal d 1 levels in Opal®apples compared to the ULO conditions; and (iii) less expressed isoforms may be responsible for the general increase in the Mal d 1 gene expression during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peach fruit (Prunus persica L.) was harvested at the stage of commercial harvest and was then treated with 0, 1, 2, 3 mM citric acid (CiA). A factorial model was planned on a completely randomized block design with three replications. Two factors were used in the experimental design, i.e. 4 storage durations × 4 concentrations of CiA. The impact of CiA was evaluated on postharvest quality parameters, decay incidence (DI), vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity, as the peach fruits were maintained in cold storage at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 85-90% relative humidity (RH) for 40 days. By the end of the storage time, peach fruits that were treated with 3 mM CiA showed statistical significance and resulted in the highest values of fruit firmness (FF) (1.75 N), titratable acidity (TA) (0.24%), vitamin C (VC) (3.58 mg.100g-1 FW), total phenolic compounds (TPC) (58.49 mg GAE.100g-1 WF) and antioxidant capacity (AC) (52.96%). CiA treatments significantly controlled the DI by about 30.17 % and remarkably extended the shelf life by about 11.66 days, compared to the control samples during the cold storage. Our findings suggested that using CiA, especially at 3 mM, could be a promising treatment in helping to maintain edibility and to inhibit decay in peach fruits. While these can play an important role in the marketing and export of peach fruits, other benefits include a low cost of the chemical inputs and more safety for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW: Ekonomika i Organizacja Logistyki is the property of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Faculty of Economic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable practices to extend the postharvest quality of horticultural products lead to cost-effective marketing during the prolonged season. Sweet cherries are among the most commonly consumed and traded fruits worldwide although they necessarily deteriorate after harvest. In the present study, the effects of UV-C irradiation in different application durations along with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on quality maintenance of the '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherries were investigated for two years (2018 and 2019). The fruits were divided into six application groups; (1) storage in plastic cups control, (2) using MAP (Xtend®) packages, (3) 5 min UV-C exposure, (4) 10 min UV-C, (5) 20 min UV-C, and (6) 30 min UV-C irradiation. Treatment of UV-C was performed at a 15 cm distance using a metal cabinet equipped with 8 UV-C lamps of 15 watts, 230V/50Hz at 254 nm wavelength. The sweet cherries were stored at 1 °C and 90% RH for 35 days. At the end of the storage, the greatest weight loss occurred in the control fruits, while the lowest loss was obtained from the fruits subjected to 10 min of UV-C for both years. Also, 10 min of UV-C provided the highest firmness value for both years. This treatment also has better effects on maintaining several quality features such as pedicel chlorophyll content, titratable acidity in fruit juice, and total phenolic contents compared to the control fruits. General findings indicated that 10 min UV-C irradiation would be a beneficial practice for extending the general quality features of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry during cold storage up to 35 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hyperspectral data in Vis-NIR range was used to build calibration models for prediction of α-farnesene and CTols. • The best result for α-farnesene was obtained by LS-SVM model based on MSC-FD pretreatment with the RPD value of 2.6. • The optimal result for CTols (CT281) was achieved by LS-SVM model combined with SD pretreatment with PRD value of 2.4. The sesquiterpene α-farnesene and its corresponding oxidation products, namely conjugated trienols (CTols) is well known to be correlated with the development of superficial scald, a typical physiological disorder after a long term of cold storage in pear fruit. In this work, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was used for nondestructive predicting of α-farnesene and CTols [CT258, CT281 and CT(281-290)] content in 'Yali' pear. In order to obtain the best performance of calibration model and simplify the calibration model further, various preprocessing methods together with their combinations and different wavelength selection algorithms, including successive projections algorithm (SPA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and uninformative variable elimination (UVE), were investigated and compared based on linear partial least square regression (PLSR) and nonlinear least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) models, respectively. In conclusion, compared to the PLSR models, the results of LS-SVM models based on original and preprocessing methods performed better for the prediction of α -farnesene and CTols, while the performance of LS-SVM models based on the selected characteristic wavelengths were worse. For α-farnesene, the best result was obtained by LS-SVM model based on MSC-FD pretreatment with the RPD value of 2.6, R p = 0.925 and RMSEP = 4.387 nmol cm−2. And for CTols, CT281 performed better compared with CT258 and CT(281-290), achieving the result with RPD = 2.4, R p = 0.913 and RMSEP = 2.734 nmol cm−2 based on LS-SVM model combined with SD pretreatment. The overall results illustrated HSI technology could be used for rapid and nondestructive prediction of α-farnesene and CTols in 'Yali' pear, which would be helpful for supporting postharvest decision systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refrigeration is commonly employed for postharvest storage of fruit and vegetable; however, its usage can increase the risk of chilling injury (CI). C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factors (CBFs) have been identified in various plants. However, the significance of CBFs in preserving fruit quality during cold storage remains understudied, particularly in transgenic fruit. In this study, we demonstrate that the mutation of SlCBF1 gene worsen CI symptoms in tomatoes, hinder cold-induced ethylene production, and influence the expression of genes associated with ethylene signaling. Notably, our correlation analysis reveals that the severity of CI is partially correlated with ethylene production. Additionally, blocking ethylene action using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), decrease the cold resistance of tomatoes. Knocking out SlCBF1 gene impact the effect of 1-MCP-inhibited cold responses, including the suppression of antioxidant enzymes activities. These findings underscore positive regulation of cold resistance in postharvest tomatoes by SlCBF1 in collaboration with ethylene signaling. [Display omitted] • SlCBF1 gene expression was responsive to cold storage in tomatoes. • SlCBF1 gene helped maintain fruit quality during long-term cold storage. • Mutation of SlCBF1 influenced cold-regulated ethylene production and signaling. • Blocking ethylene action using 1-MCP decreased cold tolerance of tomatoes. • SlCBF1 gene mutation weakened the effect of 1-MCP on cold responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superficial scald of pear fruit is a physiological disorder that easily occurs during cold storage and seriously affects pear eating quality and commodity value. It is important to study the mechanism of superficial scald disorder. Our previous study reported that the incidence of superficial scald of calcium chloride (CaCl2)-treated pear fruit during storage was significantly lower than that of untreated fruit. In this study, we found that the accumulation of lignin in CaCl2-treated fruit was significantly lower than that of untreated fruit. The expression of the Pb4CL2 gene in the lignin synthesis pathway was downregulated in the CaCl2-treated fruit. The lignification level of the fruit overexpressing Pb4CL2 was significantly higher than that of the empty vector fruit. Therefore, we speculate that downregulation of Pb4CL2 after CaCl2 treatment plays an important role in CaCl2 inhibiting superficial scald disorder by affecting lignin accumulation in pear fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active alginate-based coatings with quercetin glycoside and complexes of hydroxyapatite/quercetin-glycoside were used to study the shelf life of fresh cut papaya stored at 6 °C. Hydroxyapatite was used as a carrier for the release of the bioactive compound. The parameters considered affecting the quality of the fruit during storage were weight loss, color, texture, sugars and volatile compounds. Active coatings with hydroxyapatite and quercetin glycoside proved a higher capacity to slow down the degradation phenomena studied, showing less weight loss, a lower reduction in glucose and fructose, as well as better firmness, than the other samples after 14 days of cold storage. Benzyl isothiocyanate, the characteristic odor compound of papaya fruit, ranged from approximately 10.0 μg/kg in fresh cut fruit to approximately 7.50 μg/kg in samples coated by alginate with hydroxyapatite/quercetin and 3.6 μg/kg in the fresh cut papaya without coating after 14 days of cold storage. The trials also indicated greater effectiveness of alginate coatings alone and with quercetin-glucoside in preserving the color of freshly cut papaya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold storage preserves lemon fruit quality; however, it can result in significant chilling injury (CI). The effects of pre- and post-harvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments at four concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mM) on CI and sensory quality of lemons during 80 d of storage at 7–10 °C were investigated. Both pre- and post-harvest MeJA treatments reduced CI, weight loss (WL) and maintained higher firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and total acidity (TA) than in the controls. Antioxidant enzyme activities decreased in the control fruit but increased in both pre- and post-harvest MeJA-treated fruit. In addition, phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were higher in the control than in the MeJA-treated fruit. Pre-harvest MeJA treatment generally preserved fruit better than post-harvest MeJA treatment, with the best results observed when MeJA was applied at 0.3 mM, which enhanced the antioxidant system of the lemon fruits, thus reducing the post-harvest incidence of chilling injury. These results have important implications for improved fruit quality post-harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruits and vegetables, known for their large nutrient potential, are more susceptible to high postharvest loss than other crops. Factors such as perishability, poor post-production handling and storage and processing infrastructures, increase the magnitude of food losses. The postharvest loss of fruits and vegetables in Sub-Saharan Africa ranges from 30% to 50%. One key strategy to overcome such losses is through cold chain integration in value chains. However, most developing countries currently lack the basic infrastructure and management skills needed to support the development of integrated cold chains, particularly in rural areas, where up to 60% of overall food losses occur on the farm and in 'first-mile' distribution. Storage of highly perishable produce in a controlled environment with respect to temperature and relative humidity leads to quality and quantity preservation. This contributes to increases in food and nutrition security, household incomes and environmental protection. This review addresses the need for adopting and strengthening measures for the precooling and cold storage of fruits and vegetables to improve their value chains. A range of precooling and cold storage methods, their suitability, energy demands and the constraints on storage and distribution are discussed and recommendations are made on how to improve their accessibility for small-scale farmers in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold chain logistics (CCL) can effectively maintain the quality and safety of perishable products through low-temperature circulation, but extra energy is densely used at the cost of economy and emissions. The multi-objective trade-off is critical for promoting sustainable time-temperature management (TTM) in CCL. For climacteric fruit in cold storage, the post-harvest ripening process should be controlled by TTM to meet various ripeness requirements of retailers with different distribution distances, market conditions. Meanwhile, randomly appeared order demands will dynamically influence complex sustainable decision-making of temperature-controlled path. Therefore, this paper aims to solve the dynamic multi-objective TTM optimization problem considering ripeness windows and energy consumption, for achieving online sustainable temperature control of climacteric fruit cold storage. Constructing 3D service window involving ripeness, outbound time, and cargo volume, then the multi-retailer satisfaction is designed as a significant optimization objective. Additionally, to improve operational efficiency and reduce environmental impact, energy consumption needs to be minimized under reasonable constraints. Following above objective strategy, a dynamic multi-objective TTM model is proposed with two-stage: 1) improved NSGA-II-based global optimization to find optimal temperature-controlled path for fixed retailers in real-time; 2) new stochastic retailer comes up after demand matching, if accepting order, an update optimization will be triggered. A numerical study was implemented to verify proposed method, with robustness value of 0.82–1. Compared with constant low-temperature storage, the optimized comprehensive loss is the smallest at 3.374. The results indicate that the hybrid-retailer demand-driven multi-criteria decision support is effective and robust for sustainable TTM of climacteric fruit cold chain. • Hybrid-retailer demand-driven TTM strategy is presented with two-stage for climacteric fruit cold storage. • 3D service window is constructed to quantify multi-retailer satisfaction for first time. • Memory-based improved NSGA-II algorithm is proposed to adapt to dynamics online decision-making scenarios. • Multi-objective optimization is dynamically solved to balance quality and energy consumption for sustainable management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold storage is widely applied in postharvest fruit for quality maintenance. However, Chinese olive fruit suffers severe chilling injury (CI) during improper cold storage. In present work, the metabolisms of energy and proline in Chinese olive fruit during CI occurrence were investigated. Compared with the cold storage at 8 °C, the cold storage at 2 °C raised CI index, reduced the activities of Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and H+-ATPase in the membranes of mitochondria, plasma and vacuole, decreased the levels of energy charge, ATP, and ADP, but elevated the content of AMP in Chinese olive fruit. Furthermore, 2 °C cold-stored fruit presented lower proline amount, lower P5CS and OAT activities, but higher PDH activity. These data demonstrated that the reduced levels of energy and proline were associated with the CI occurrence of cold-stored Chinese olives. [Display omitted] • 2 °C induced chilling injury in Chinese olive fruit during storage. • 2 °C decreased the ATP and ADP contents and energy status in Chinese olive fruit. • 2 °C reduced Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities in Chinese olive fruit. • 2 °C reduced the proline content in Chinese olive fruit • 2 °C lowered P5CS and OAT activities, but raised PDH activity in Chinese olive fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, temperature and relative humidity in a cold store with an evaporative cooling system were investigated during one-month cold storage of Aronia melanocarpa Nero fruits. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were measured by sensors at 36 points for different levels (top, medium and base level). The research was carried out in accordance with the randomized plot design for the purpose of storing Aronia melanocarpa in a cold store at +3o C for 1 month. The results were evaluated by using variance analyses and descriptive statistics. In addition, spatial variability maps were created for evaluating of temperature and relative humidity variation at different levels. Variation of the temperature was determined between 3.40o C and 5.32o C for top level, 3.80o C and 5.49o C for middle level and 3.92o C and 5.51o C for base level at 3o C storage temperature. Coefficient of variations was determined as 11.47% for top level, 11.48% for middle level and 7.10% for bottom level for temperature. The relative humidity values were changed between 74.00% and 88.09%. Mean coefficient of variation of the relative humidity varied between 3.22% and 4.43%. According to the results; distributions of the temperature and relative humidity for different levels were not uniform. Reason of high variability between measurement of the temperature and the relative humidity for different levels in the cold store was the distribution of the cold air. The cold air was ventilated by an evaporator and distributed according to the design of the cold store (dimensions, shape, and materials) and placement of fruit cases. Different storage conditions were determined at different levels in the cold store during storage of Aronia fruits in this research. In addition, there is generally one temperature/relative humidity sensor located back of the door inside the cold store used to control the cooling system. Measurement of the temperature and relative humidity from one point in a cold store is not enough to give an idea about the ambient conditions of the cold store. When storing agricultural products, the use of more temperature/relative humidity sensors in the cold store will enable the actual situation of the temperature and relative humidity values to be taken into account to control the operation of the cooling system. Additional cold air distribution systems such as ventilator, air curtains and placement of fruit cases may help to improve air distribution and decrease the spatial variability of the storage conditions in the cold store. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene, produced endogenously by plants and their organs, can induce a wide array of physiological responses even at very low concentrations. Nevertheless, the role of ethylene in regulating blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) ripening and storability is still unclear although an increase in ethylene production has been observed in several studies during blueberry ripening. To overcome this issue, we evaluated the endogenous ethylene production of a Vaccinium germplasm selection at different fruit ripening stages and after cold storage, considering also textural modifications. Ethylene and texture were further assessed also on a bi-parental full-sib population of 124 accessions obtained by the crossing between "Draper" and "Biloxi", two cultivars characterized by a different chilling requirement and storability performances. Our results were compared with an extensive literature research, carried out to collect all accessible information on published works related to Vaccinium ethylene production and sensitivity. Results of this study illustrate a likely role of ethylene in regulating blueberry shelf life. However, a generalisation valid for all Vaccinium species is not attainable because of the high variability in ethylene production between genotypes, which is strictly genotype-specific. These differences in ethylene production are related with blueberry fruit storage performances based on textural alterations. Specifically, blueberry accessions characterized by the highest ethylene production had a more severe texture decay during storage. Our results support the possibility of tailoring ad hoc preharvest and postharvest strategies to extend blueberry shelf life and quality according with the endogenous ethylene production level of each cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of sweet cherry fruits decrease rapidly after harvest and in some cases does not reach the consumers properly due to the time require for transferring and market. Therefore, using chemical compounds is essential to increase durability and maintain its quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of arginine on postharvest quality of sweet cherry fruits. The sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium L. cv TakDanehe Mashhad) were sprayed with arginine (0, 200, and 400 μM) one month before harvest. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity stage according to acceptable color standards. After harvest, the fruits were transferred to the laboratory and immediately kept in cold storage with temperature of 1°C with 90–95% relative humidity (RH) for 20 days. The results showed that in treated fruits, electrolyte leakage, active oxygen production, and lipid peroxidation were decreased. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase was increased compared to control. The treated fruits with arginine 400 µM showed the highest enzymatic activity during cold storage. The percentage of chilling injury and fresh weight loss in treated fruits has decreased comparing control fruits. According to the results lowest amount of pH observed in fruits treated with arginine 400 µM. Arginine increased the amount of titratable acid, soluble solids, and vitamin C, as well the firmness of fruits. As short, arginine preharvest treatment at 400 µM concentration improved the postharvest quality of sweet cherry fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Aloe vera application (33% and 66% as dipping, AV) on 'Bluecrop' blueberry's (Vaccinium corymbosum) quality properties such as weight loss, respiration rate, fruit color, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, phytochemical components (vitamin C, total phenolics, and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity was investigated during the cold storage (at 0 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH) for 28 days. During cold storage, significantly lower weight loss was recorded in fruit treated with AV compared to control. At the end of the cold storage, the weight loss was 20% lower in AV treated fruits and AV concentration was not effective in weight loss. On the contrary, the respiration rate (except for the 7th day) and fruit firmness were higher in these fruit. It was observed that color changes were less in AV-treated fruit during storage. In general, AV-treated fruit had significantly lower SSC, while acidity and vitamin C were higher. Moreover, 66% AV application was more effective in delaying the loss of vitamin C at the end of storage. During cold storage, 33% AV-treated fruit had significantly higher total phenolics (except day 28) and total flavonoids content compared to control. In the last two measurements of the cold storage, it was determined that fruit dipped in AV had higher antioxidant activity (both DPPH and FRAP assays) compared to control fruit. As a result, it was revealed that postharvest AV gel applications can be used as an effective postharvest tool to delay the loss of quality, the loss of phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the blueberry fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomegranate is a perishable superfruit with important human health-promoting phytochemicals. The use of cold storage is inevitable for its long-term preservation. As pomegranate is sensitive to temperatures below 5°C, it is therefore necessary and worthwhile to introduce a postharvest technique that is safe, applicable, and commercially acceptable to maintain the fruit quality under a cold storage condition. The efficacy of intermittent warming (IW) in the form of a single warming period (1 day at 20°C with 70% relative humidity (RH) before returning the treated fruit to storage) during the cold storage of 'Rabab-e-Neyriz' pomegranate (70 days at 2 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH) was evaluated. To find the best treatment time, warming was performed at 4 temporary interruption points in storage (after 15, 25, 35, or 45 days of storage). For each interruption date, the treated fruit were compared to the controls twice, once immediately after treatment and once at the end of the storage period. It was founded that a single warming period at the right time during cold storage (before irreversible damage occurs) activated multiple mechanisms and physiological responses in pomegranate fruit peel that are significantly responsible for alleviating the severity of chilling damage to this commodity. In other words, warming on the 15th day was the most efficient treatment, resulting in better preservation of unsaturated fatty acids from peroxidation, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and preservation of the unsaturated/saturated fatty acids (UFAs/SFAs) ratio (membrane integrity index) in the peel during storage and lower chilling injury symptoms. Moreover, the content of spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) (as important antioxidants acting as membrane safety agents) was significantly increased immediately after treatment, followed by a continuous increase in Spm and a higher level of Put compared to control until the end of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Known, mango fruit is a climacteric and highly perishable fruit that requires specialized postharvest handling to extend its storage life. This research aimed to overcome these problems by demonstrating the impact of the edible coating such as Aloe vera and chitosan, used either separately or in combination form; in cold storage, on the; shelf life, and marketing period of mango fruit. Through two successive seasons 2019 & 2020, the influence of Aloe vera 75%, chitosan 2% was studied on; both physical and chemical properties; of mango fruit (cv. Langra) during cold storage (11 ± 1°C and 85% RH). All treatments prolonged the storage period reached to more than a month nearly 40 days in a good condition while the control reached 30 days only. On the fortieth day, all treatments gave positive effects on fruit storage but the best treatment was the combined Aloe vera with chitosan. This study recommended using the combination of chitosan and Aloe vera with cold storage to prolong the storage period of mango fruit until 40 days in good condition and to overcome the marketing and export abroad problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an integrated approach to evaluate the efficiency of intermittent warming (IW) on cooling rate, uniformity, energy efficiency, mass loss, and the development of CIs by combining experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The results show that the cooling homogeneity and mass loss increases with increasing the warming duration and frequency, although the incidence of chilling injuries (CIs) and energy consumption decrease under these conditions. Near the bottom of the pallet, CIs increased and mass loss decreased because of the higher cooling rate of fruit in this zone. The accuracy of the CFD simulations was confirmed by a good agreement with experiments. The root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute percentage error for fruit temperature were 0.879°C and 21.42%, respectively. Practical applications: Reducing energy consumption and chilling injuries (CIs) is vital for improving the overall economic benefits of the cold chain and maintaining poststorage quality in fresh fruit. This research provides a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for improving the efficacy of IW and for ensuring optimum IW treatment and thereby minimizing energy consumption and CIs during fruit storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina) is a sub-tropical fruit tree with strong cold sensitivity. In this study, flesh of nectarine (Shuguang) was used to determine the difference in transcriptional data before and after chilling injury under storage. In addition, genes responses involved in nectarine acclimation to cold stress were also explored. Results of the current study showed that nectarine was found to be more susceptible to chilling injury during storage at 5°C than at 0°C, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were concentrated in the late stage of low-temperature storage where chilling injury symptoms appeared at the end of the experiment. The key genes related to low-temperature response were associated with post-harvest biological processes. DEGs were annotated on the metabolic pathways of cold regulation signal transduction, cold resistance physiological metabolism and cold resistance-related protein synthesis. Moreover, the expression of genes related to cold stress such as plant hormone signal transduction element such as Auxin-responsive protein, transcription factors responding to cold stress such as WRKY transcription factor and genes related to maintaining membrane stability and regulating physiological metabolism such as proline dehydrogenase was more pronounced when nectarine was stored at 5°C than at 0°C. Overall, these findings showed that alteration in chilling temperature has substantial impact on the transcription levels associated with cold resistance pathway during the low-temperature storage of nectarine and thus promotes chilling injury disorders in nectarine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to carry out an economic evaluation on the implementation of a pulp processing plant, as a sustainable alternative for the San Martín Cuenca (INSANC) company in the Las Cañas sector in Machala. The primary information was collected through the bibliographic review available on the pulp production process, based on an economic profitability analysis. For this, observation and interview techniques were used. For the economic evaluation, the costs that will affect the implementation of a banana pulp processing plant in the study area were determined. As main results, it was obtained that the main activities for the process of obtaining frozen pulp are reception and selection of the fruit, peeling and chopping, pulping, pasteurization, packaging, sealing and labeling and cold storage. Total variable costs are more than double the value of fixed costs, resulting in a total cost of production of $ 562,519.56. The frozen banana pulp production process for the INSANC enterprise has a profitability of 24.38%, with a value of the cost / weight indicator of 0.80 USD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peach fruit quickly shows symptoms of chilling injury (CI) during shelf life after storage under inadequate temperatures. We found that short‐term hypobaric treatment (SHT) was effective in reducing the CI index to maintain the quality of peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Yingshuanghong) during shelf life after cold storage. The respiration rate of peaches was inhibited, and the climacteric peak was delayed during storage after being treated at 0.45 atm pressures for 4 hr at 20°C. Meanwhile, SHT fruits maintained higher disaccharide concentrations and lower monosaccharide concentrations. SHT fruits also exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity that likely reduced the production of ROS. In addition, SHT suppressed membrane oxidation effectively by inhibiting phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity to prevent malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. These results indicated that SHT performed effectively to alleviate CI in peaches by modulating respiration and sugars metabolism, oxidative stress, and membrane oxidation. Practical applications: Unlike hypobaric storage for long periods of time, short‐term hypobaric treatment (SHT) is a short‐term application of subatmospheric pressure. This paper suggests that SHT is an effective method to alleviate CI and to maintain quality of peaches after cold storage. This work will help to expand chilling‐sensitive fruit storage life to satisfy market and consumer demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A storage‐cum‐mobile thermoelectric refrigeration system was designed for passive, active, and total load of refrigeration on the basis of thermo‐physical properties of polyurethane sheet, heat generated by axial fan, and internal heat of commodities stored for refrigeration. A prototype of mobile thermoelectric refrigeration system of capacity 100 L (40 kg per batch) was designed and developed for maintaining the temperature of 15 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 80 ± 5%. The developed system of dimension (45 × 50 × 50 length × width × height), composed of four thermoelectric modules, liquid cooled evaporator, axial fan, diaphragm water pump, fogger, and water tank. The system was operated by 12 V DC power source. Results obtained from experimental performance evaluation indicated that 20.8°C temperature reduction was achieved in 210 min under no load operation, whereas, 23.6°C temperature reduction was obtained in 360 min when the system was loaded with 30 kg of bitter gourd. The temperature was reduced at the rate of 9.65°C/h till temperature of 20°C was attained which latter reduced to 2.23°C/h under no load condition, whereas, rate of temperature reduction was 7.44°C/h till attainment of 20°C and then reduced to 1.43°C/h under loading condition. The techno‐economic feasibility of the system exhibited COP 0.85 which was significantly higher than those reported by several scientists in the range of 0.15–0.50. Developed refrigeration system can be effectively utilized as an eco‐friendly technology for small scale cold storage of fruits and vegetables with causing detrimental effect to environment. Practical Applications: Developed thermoelectric refrigeration technology is climate friendly without generating any global warming potential and can be commercially used for small scale cold storage of fruits and vegetables to enhance the shelf life of produce. A developed refrigeration system is helpful for fruits and vegetable vendors to maintain the quality of commodity during transportation to minimize the decay of food and fetch good value to the commodity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers' lifestyles demand high-quality products, requesting adequate fruit storage. Management of ethylene production is of paramount importance when planning postharvest storage, since this phytohormone is the key molecule behind the ripening and senescence process. Cold storage combined with 1-MCP has been one of the most applied postharvest treatments to extend the shelf-life of several fruit. However, 1-MCP is a potent inhibitor of ethylene action, leading frequently to the blockage of ripening denominated as 'evergreen' effect. Ethylene biosynthesis and perception pathway are described, as well as a critical review on 1-MCP inhibitory mechanisms. Technologies used to induce postharvest ripening after 1-MCP application are described with special attention to the latest and most significant published works. The most relevant 1-MCP reversion strategies are discussed, aiming to develop more innovative and effective approaches for stimulating ripening. Finally, the importance of tailoring treatments to specific cultivars is discussed, using pear as a case study. Optimizing temperature and applying exogenous ethylene have been the main methods to reverse the effect of 1-MCP. Also, treatment with other phytohormones has shown promising results. However, the strategies effectiveness is dependent on the cultivar, time of application, and concentration of the applied compound. Also, since 1-MCP binds irreversibly to the ethylene receptor, the biosynthesis of new receptors may reverse the 'evergreen' behaviour. Therefore, attempts should be made to develop strategies according to each cultivar and their capacity to stimulate the expression of ethylene genes both related to its biosynthesis and perception. • 1-methylcyclopropene is an inhibitor of ethylene, leading to ripening blockage. • New strategies imply the full understanding of ethylene biosynthesis and perception. • Ripening is mainly restored by temperature, exogenous ethylene and phytohormones. • The effectiveness of the ripening strategies is highly dependent on the cultivard [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified atmosphere is intensively studied as a fruit storage method due to consumers growing demands regarding the fresh fruit quality. The aim of this study was to extend the organic plums shelf life, by packing them in biodegradable, eco-friendly trays, and to ensure that the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics are maintained throughout the storage period. The experiments were performed in 2019 and 2020 with organic 'Tita' plums harvested at the end of July, packed immediately and cold stored at 1 ± 0.5 °C and 85 ± 5 % RH. The modified atmosphere was realised in passive way through respiration and transpiration processes of organic plums. As control, unpacked plums were kept in same storage conditions. The results showed small decreases for physicochemical characteristics of organic 'Tita' plums stored in modified atmosphere, after more than 40 days, for both years of study. Based on the physicochemical and nutritional properties we can state that organic 'Tita' plums packed in biodegradable and compostable trays were better preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peach fruit is susceptible to chilling injury during postharvest long-term cold storage, but the understanding of metabolic and transcriptional reaction of nectarine cultivar fruit to cold storage remains incomplete. In this study, nectarine fruit was used for a low temperature treatment, which gradually leading to the deterioration of fruit quality. Comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed to comprehensively understand the metabolic and transcriptional changes occurring during cold storage in nectarine fruit. The result showed that numerous primary and secondary metabolites exhibited increased levels following the low-temperature treatment. And there were 3400 differentially expressed genes continuously regulated by cold storage, which were mostly enriched in metabolic and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. The combined pathways enrichment of differential metabolites and genes were primarily centered on secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Correspondingly, a strong correlation was observed between changes in secondary metabolites and the expression of key enzymes including 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), flavonol synthase (FLS), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferase (UFGT), which were involved in flavonoids biosynthesis. Additionally, several fruit quality characteristics (carotenoids, cell wall components, antioxidant enzymes) and stress related signaling genes were markedly affected by cold storage. These findings offer new insights into the networks governing metabolic and transcriptional regulation during nectarine fruit cold storage. • Cold storage induced high metabolite accumulation in nectarine fruit. • Cold storage affected the expression of genes involved in secondary metabolism. • Fruit quality and stress response genes were affected by cold storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to control the quality of Korla pear with different degrees of maturity during storage. Here, a method was proposed for predicting the effects of harvest maturity and cold storage time on the quality indices (soluble solid content (SSC) and Vitamin C (Vc) content) of Korla pear. The generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were employed to predict the quality changes of Korla fragrant pear fruit during storage. The results demonstrated that during cold storage the SSC in pears with 10%-70% harvest maturity showed continuous increases in the first 90 d of storage and then a slight decline thereafter, while that in pears with 80% and 90% harvest maturity exhibited slow decreases throughout the storage process. With the extension of storage time, the Vc content of pears with 10%-90% harvest maturity showed continuous decreases. The harvest maturity of Korla pear was extremely positively correlated with SSC and Vc content (p < 0.01) in a given storage period. Storage time showed an extremely significant negative correlation with the Vc content (p < 0.01) at the 40%-90% harvest maturity and an significant negative correlation with the Vc content (p < 0.05) at the 10%-30% harvest maturity. At the 10%-70% harvest maturity, storage time showed a significant positive correlation with the SSC (p < 0.05). The trained model could well predict the variation trend of quality indices of pear fruit during storage. The ANFIS with the input membership function of gbellmf had the best performance in predicting the SSC (RMSE=0.175; R²=0.98), and that with the input membership function of trimf exhibited the best performance in predicting Vc content (RMSE=0.075; R² =0.99). The research findings can provide reference for predicting the fruit nutritional quality at delivery and decision-making on the storage time of Korla fragrant pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to study the changes in pomological and sensory characteristics of hazelnuts fruits before and after NA cold storage for five months. The paper analyzes fruits of hazelnut cultivars grown in agroecological conditions of north-western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the area of municipality Kostajnica. The fruits were collected in the period of full maturity, in the 2020 year, and the following cultivars were analyzed: Istrian Long, Istrian Round, Romische Zellernuss and Cosford. The first analysis of fruits was performed after harvest, and the second analysis was executed after the storage of fruits in the shell. Fruit characteristics, studied on both period, were fruit weight, kernel weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness, kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness, shell thickness, fruit shape, texture, color, taste, kernel bitterness, kernel sweetness, hardness, crunchiness, presence of double fruits, blank nuts, fruit roundness index and kernel percentage. The results of the research show that there are significant differences in the values of the examined parameters before and after storage of fruit hazelnut. The biggest changes are recorded precisely on the shrinkage in the storage process and changes in the taste of stored hazelnuts. These results show the need to more investigate storage systems and optimal storage conditions for each variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango fruit (cv. Seddik) is known as a delicate fruit for storage after harvest. Herein, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and guar gum-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as fruit coatings, and their effects on postharvest storage behavior and quality attributes were investigated. AgNPs were synthesized using a chemical reduction approach and then combined with CMC and guar gum as coating bases. Mango fruits were coated with the developed and pre-characterized CMC-AgNPs and guar gum-AgNPs, and then packed and stored at 13 °C for 4 weeks. The results showed an increase in weight loss, respiration rate, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, and total carotenoids over the storage period. However, this increase was comparatively less significant in coated fruits compared to uncoated fruits. Firmness and titratable acidity (TA) significantly decreased during storage, but this decrease was less in coated fruits. Silver traces in fruit pulp samples were not detected. These findings showed the efficacy of CMC-AgNP and guar gum-AgNP coatings in delaying mango fruit ripening and maintaining fruit quality during cold storage. Therefore, these coatings could be promising alternative materials for extending the postharvest life and marketing period of mango fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the influence of 1-MCP treatment on the fruit quality and flesh browning of 'Red Fuji' apple at shelf life after long-term cold storage. The 'Red Fuji' fruit were stored at 0±0.5 °C for 270 days after treating with 1.0 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropylene (1-MCP). Fruit quality, browning rate of stem-end flesh, chlorogenic acid content, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were analyzed at shelf-life under 20±0.5 °C, the expression profile of ethylene receptors (MdERS1), phenylalnine ammonia lyase genes (MdPAL1, MdPAL2), quinate hydroxycinnamoyl/hydrxycinnamoyl CoA shikimate gene (MdHCT3), polyphenol oxidase genes (MdPPO1, MdPPO5) and lipoxygenase gene (MdLOX) were measured by realtime quantitative PCR. 1-MCP treatment improved the fruit storage quality, decreased stem-end flesh tissue browning, and fruit decay. In addition, the fruit respiration rate and ethylene production rate increased at shelflife, but this increase could be inhibited by 1-MCP. The same rule was observed in the changes of chlorogenic acid content and PPO activity, the expression of MdERS1, MdPAL1, MdPPO1 and MdLOX were inhibited by 1-MCP as well in the stem-end flesh. Thus, 1-MCP treatment improves the fruit quality of 'Red Fuji' apple at shelf-life after long-term cold storage, and inhibits the browning of stem-end flesh by decreasing the chlorogenic acid content and PPO activity. MdPAL1, MdHCT3, MdPPO1 and MdLOX participate in the flesh browning progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozonation process on the level of oxidative stress markers in blueberry fruit during cold storage (4 °C). Blueberry (Vaccinum corymbosum L.) fruit was ozonated with an ozone concentration of 15 ppm for 30 min, every 12 h for 28 days of storage at 4 °C. The results indicated that ozone treatment activated a defense mechanism against oxidative stress in blueberry fruit. Ozonated fruit was characterized by higher activity of antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase than non-ozonated fruit, over the first 21 days of storage. In turn, the level of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide in ozonated fruit was significantly lower compared with the untreated material. However, after 21 days of storage, ozone treatment contributed to the oxidative modification of protein which could be a reason of decreasing enzymes activity, involved in cell protection against oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO), a PGR, is involved in numerous physiological and molecular responses in higher plants. The study was undertaken to determine how preharvest application of NO affected physical and biochemical postharvest properties and chilling injury of tomato fruit, cv. Newton, during cold storage. Tomato plants were treated twice with 200 or 500 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or distilled water, at 41 and 49 days post anthesis. For postharvest analyses samples were taken at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of storage at 1 ± 0.2°C and 90% ± 5% RH and transferred to ambient temperature (~24°C) for 2 days. The SNP delayed weight loss, increased total soluble solids, and maintained firmness of fruit during storage. Vitamin C, titratable acidity, lycopene content, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase enzyme activity were higher due to SNP treatment than for the control. The SNP treatment decreased percent chilling injury. The 200 μm SNP concentration was best for preserving postharvest quality of tomato fruit. Preharvest application of SNP improved postharvest quality and mitigated deleterious effects of chilling injury of tomato fruit during cold storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to assess the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the storage ability of fresh-cut pepper fruit. The cut fruit of pepper 'Yecla F1' were treated immediately after cutting and 'Roberta F1' before cutting. The 1-MCP at the concentrations of 1.0 μl·dm−3, 3.0 μl·dm−3, and 5.0 μl·dm−3 was applied to gas-tight containers with fruit for 20 hours at 20 °C. Peppers were stored at two temperatures: 0 °C and 5 °C, for up to 8 days. The treatment applied immediately after cutting slowed down the softening of pepper a little when fruit was stored at 0 °C, as well as during subsequent shelf life. The treatment applied before cutting did not reduce the softening, discoloration as well as rotting of pepper strips in cold conditions and shelf life. The sensory evaluation showed that 1-MCP treatment, applied before or after cutting, did not improve the quality of fresh-cut pepper during short term storage. The ethylene concentration after 4 days of cold storage was higher inside the bags with treated fresh-cut pepper, as compared to the bags with untreated samples. These results can give important direction for pepper fruit storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin C is a crucial antioxidant and cofactor for both plants and humans. Apple fruits generally contain low levels of vitamin C, making vitamin C content an interesting trait for apple crop improvement. With the aim of breeding high vitamin C apple cultivars it is important to get an insight in the natural biodiversity of vitamin C content in apple fruits. In this study, quantification of ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), and total AsA (AsA + DHA) in apple pulp of 79 apple accessions at harvest revealed significant variation, indicating a large genetic biodiversity. High density genotyping using an 8 K SNP array identified 21 elite and 58 local cultivars in this germplasm, with local accessions showing similar levels of total AsA but higher amounts of DHA compared to elite varieties. Out of the 79 apple cultivars screened, ten genotypes with either the highest or the lowest concentration of total AsA at harvest were used for monitoring vitamin C dynamics during fruit development and storage. For all these cultivars, the AsA/DHA ratio in both apple pulp and peel increased throughout fruit development, whereas the AsA/DHA balance always shifted towards the oxidized form during storage and shelf life, putatively reflecting an abiotic stress response. Importantly, at any point during apple fruit development and storage, the apple peel contained a higher level of vitamin C compared to the pulp, most likely because of its direct exposure to abiotic and biotic stresses. Image 1 • Apple accessions exhibit a large biodiversity in fruit vitamin C levels. • There is no correlation between harvest date and vitamin C content in apple fruits. • Old and currently commercial cultivars have similar vitamin C levels in the fruit. • Conservation of vitamin C during fruit development and storage is cultivar-dependent. • Apple vitamin C content is mainly determined by the genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro germplasm cold storage is an important part of the plant biodiversity conservation strategy, which ensures long-term reliable conservation and use of fruit and berry crops. Screening of apple, pear, cherry, raspberry, blackcurrant and strawberry plants for Cold Storage Duration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs) showed that the viability depends on the breed and genotype, better preserved berry crops, worse fruit. The effect of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and nitrate nitrogen on the storage duration in vitro of various crops in low positive temperature and illumination conditions was studied. Many genotypes were well preserved at 4°C in semi-permeable plastic tissue-culture bags for cultivation in MS medium with 3% sucrose or 2% sucrose + 2% mannitol with or without PGRs. Reducing the nitrogen concentration increased the storage duration of some crops (apple, pear), but abscisic acid did not improve the storage time. In vitro cold collection is a reserve of the field collection and now has 196 samples of fruit and berry crops stored in bags for cultivation on MS medium with Nitrate nitrogen at 50%, 0.5 mg•L-1 N6 benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 mg•L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with 3% sucrose and 0.75% agar at pH 5.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product loss during the post-harvest preservation process of fruits produced in the world causes difficulties in people's access to sufficient food. Mulberry is one of the fruits with the shortest storage life among fruit types and is difficult to preserve. In this study, the effect of post-harvest putrescine application (0.5, 1, 1.5 mM) on the quality characteristics and biochemical contents of cold stored mulberry fruits was examined. After putrescine application, the fruits were stored at cold conditions (0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH) for 7, 14, and 21 days. Among the fruit quality characteristics, weight loss was determined to be 3.72% on the 21st day at a dose of 1.5 mM putrescine, while it was 6.39% in the control group, indicating a reduction of approximately 2.67%. Putrescine doses also significantly inhibited the decay rate and prevented an increase in respiration rate. The organic acid and phenolic compound content in the fruits decreased during the storage period. In this study, 1.5 mM putrescine dose (8.29 mg 100 g−1) preserved the malic acid content, which decreased during storage, by approximately 14% compared to the control group (7.25 mg 100 g−1) on the 21st day. At the end of storage, the 1.5 mM putrescine dose prevented a 10% decrease in chlorogenic acid content. As a result, this research has determined that post-harvest putrescine applications preserved the quality characteristics and biochemical content of mulberries during storage. • Putrescine preserved basic quality criteria in mulberry fruits. • Putrescine doses significantly reduced weight loss. • Protective effect of putrescine gradually improved by dose. • Polyphenols and organic acids were comprehensively preserved by putrescine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]