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2. Electronic payments and money demand in China.

Author

Hwang, Jen-Te and Wen, Min

Subjects
DEMAND for money, ELECTRONIC money, DEMAND function, PAPER money, COINTEGRATION
Abstract

This paper constructs the money demand function including the variable of electronic payments while adopting the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to investigate the relationship between electronic payments and money demand in China. The empirical results show that there is the cointegration among the variables in the constructed function with stability, and the e-payment variable is negatively correlated with the demand for money. According to the findings of this paper, in the long run, for every 1 percent increase in the e-payment variable, the demand for M1 will decrease by approximately 0.01 percent. In addition, the money demand function that contains the e-payment variable performs better than the one that does not in the forecast evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Estimation of energy saving potential in China's paper industry.

Author

Lin, Boqiang and Moubarak, Mohamed

Subjects
*PAPER industry, *ENERGY conservation, *ESTIMATION theory, *ECONOMIC equilibrium, *ENERGY consumption
Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to estimate the energy saving potential in China's paper industry by determining energy intensity under different scenarios. Cointegration model and stability test are applied to formulate the equilibrium equation. Results show that energy price, industry structure, profit margin and technology have significant impact as they are negatively correlated to changes in energy intensity. Three scenarios (BAU (business as usual), intermediate and active) are designed to estimate the future trend of energy intensity in paper industry. In 2010, the energy intensity (energy consumption per unit of value added) was 4 tce/10,000 RMB, and by the scenarios it is expected to considerably decline. According to the BAU (business as usual) scenario, the energy intensity will decrease to 2.56, 1.43 and 0.70 tce/10,000 RMB by 2015, 2020 and 2025, respectively. With respect to the intermediate scenario it is expected to drop further to 0.44 tce/10,000 RMB. Yet by the active scenario, the energy intensity is expected to considerably decline to 0.36 tce/10,000 RMB by 2025. Using the BAU forecast as a baseline, the quantity of energy savings is estimated to be 185.6 billion tce by 2025. Considering this important potential, we also provided some policy suggestions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2014
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19. Estimation of energy saving potential in China's paper industry

Author

Boqiang Lin and Mohamed Moubarak

Subjects
Cointegration, Mechanical Engineering, Building and Construction, Energy consumption, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Energy accounting, General Energy, Energy intensity, Profit margin, Economics, Unit root, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Energy (signal processing), Intensity (heat transfer), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The objective of this paper is to estimate the energy saving potential in China's paper industry by determining energy intensity under different scenarios. Cointegration model and stability test are applied to formulate the equilibrium equation. Results show that energy price, industry structure, profit margin and technology have significant impact as they are negatively correlated to changes in energy intensity. Three scenarios (BAU (business as usual), intermediate and active) are designed to estimate the future trend of energy intensity in paper industry. In 2010, the energy intensity (energy consumption per unit of value added) was 4 tce/10,000 RMB, and by the scenarios it is expected to considerably decline. According to the BAU (business as usual) scenario, the energy intensity will decrease to 2.56, 1.43 and 0.70 tce/10,000 RMB by 2015, 2020 and 2025, respectively. With respect to the intermediate scenario it is expected to drop further to 0.44 tce/10,000 RMB. Yet by the active scenario, the energy intensity is expected to considerably decline to 0.36 tce/10,000 RMB by 2025. Using the BAU forecast as a baseline, the quantity of energy savings is estimated to be 185.6 billion tce by 2025. Considering this important potential, we also provided some policy suggestions.

Published
2014

26. R codes for the experiments in the paper 'State-Space Models on the Stiefel Manifold with a New Approach to Nonlinear Filtering'

Author

Yang, Yukai

Subjects
Stiefel manifold, cointegration, smoothing, Laplace method, dynamic factor model, filtering, state-space models, matrix Langevin distribution
Abstract

provides R codes and RMarkdown files for all the experiments in the paper "State-Space Models on Stiefel Manifold with A New Approach to Nonlinear Filtering". The codes and the corresponding RMarkdown were written in November 2018. Notice that you will have to install the package "SMFilter" before running the RMarkdown code. The package can be found SMFilter@CRAN or on my GitHub https://github.com/yukai-yang/SMFilter

Published
2018
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