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In the winter semester 2023/24, the authors of this article taught the seminar "Playful Numismatics. Computer game-based knowledge transfer of Roman coinage". The aim of the interdisciplinary course between the fields of Classical Archaeology/Ancient Numismatics and the Master's profile Digital Humanities was to develop computer games using the RPG Maker MV application. The games impart knowledge about Roman coinage and relevant background information about the Roman world in a playful way and at a low-threshold level for a broad audience. This paper presents the workflow of the project and the project's outcomes and discusses the potentials of serious games for teaching ancient numismatics in university context and to transmit knowledge about ancient coinage beyond academia to a non-specialist public audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the disconnect between, on the one hand, the insistence on the part of multiple characters in Thucydides' first book on the need for the Peloponnesians to invest in naval power to defeat Athens, and, on the other, the failure to act on this in the narrative of books 2–7. It then analyses the numismatic evidence for the way in which Sparta does then act upon this advice in the course of the Ionian War, and suggests that Thucydides' view that this was done primarily with Persian support may be missing a (brief) Spartan attempt to create a fiscally self-supporting empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanitas: Revista de Estudos Greco-Latinas is the property of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A group of coins excavated at Qasr-e Abu Nasr, Shiraz, in south-central Iran, now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was studied and analyzed to examine the minting processes and to reconsider the numismatic history of the site. For this purpose, forty-three gold-, silver-, and copper-based coins were studied and analyzed by micro-X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and metallographic techniques. The results of the analyses showed a wide range of alloy compositions. The gold coins are comprised of impure gold and electrum, while the silver coins are made of either near pure silver or debased silver copper. The copper-based coins are struck from a range of alloys, namely impure copper, tin bronze, leaded copper, and high-leaded tin bronze, closely correlated to the date and place of minting. The results of this interdisciplinary study provide new insights into the archaeology of Qasr-e Abu Nasr, as well as present new information about the history of minting on the Iranian Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materials Protection (0351-9465) is the property of Engineers Society for Corrosion Republic of Serbia, Belgrade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although grateful that Berge, Edelman, Guillaume, and Rossi have engaged my essay, 'The Question of Provenance and the Economics of Deuteronomy', their critique, which speaks against my conclusions, fails to account for essential archaeological, ethnographic, and linguistic data illuminating the economic profile of the Book of Deuteronomy. The most significant lacuna is their failure to address the economic realities of the Persian period. That data, and more, is summarized here. The present essay moves past literary and historiographic presuppositions regarding the provenance of Urdeuteronomium in order to engage the economic and numismatic realia that is recoverable from Israel's world and offer an important avenue forward in deuteronomic researcḥ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numismatic inscriptional evidence consistently employs the ΕΥΕΡΓ- word group in describing a superior providing some material public benefit to an inferior, typically an entire city, nation or kingdom. This is evidenced in the present study's comprehensive survey of several hundred numismatic types, extant in many thousands of specimens from the second century bce to the first century ce. Within this context, 1 Timothy 6.2 is discussed, wherein it is noted that the apparent identification of a slave's labour as ɛὐɛργɛσία not only heightens the significance and value of that service but is a deliberate inversion of expected social and linguistic norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As shown by the finds from the Dřemčice village in North Bohemia, even confrontation of available numismatic and archaeological sources and approaches often do not lead to unambiguous and correct chronological conclusions. Therefore, in cases of unknown or unclear finding context, it is important to apply all available methods based on typological, iconographical, metrological, metallographic data and other criteria. In selected cases, analyses of the artistic aspect of Celtic coins and their pictorial elements in the context of decoration of contemporaneous archaeological artefacts also seem to be of interest. To verify the approach, we selected a Celtic coin from the earlier phase of Central European Celtic coinage and we compared it with decorations of a Hungarian style sword. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina is the property of Museu de Prehistoria de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the following article we propose to reconstruct, through the numismatic record, the image of power shaped in the mints of Segestica and Viminacium by the emperor Gallienus (253-268). After a brief historical introduction, we will first examine the two mints in question, and then go on to statistically analyse their numismatic production: the denominations used, the most frequently repeated reverse legends, the divinities most involved in numismatic propaganda, the most frequently used configuration of the emperor's image on the reverse and finally, the most common reverse types related to the army and the triumph. We will see how much of the emperor's propaganda effort is focused on promoting Gallienus as a battle-hardened and victorious general, his legions as loyal to his figure and the lasting peace that his campaigns bring to the Danubian limes and adjacent regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Without having any contemporaneous account of the Bar Kokhba Revolt comparable to the writings of Josephus that describe the First Jewish Revolt, our knowledge about many aspects of the later uprising is rather sketchy. The publication of Roman military diplomas and the remarkable series of documents recovered from caves in the Judaean Desert, along with other major archaeological findings, has filled in just some of missing details. This study is devoted to a reexamination of the rebel coinage. It has highlighted the importance of the numismatic evidence in helping to elucidate the religious ideology that succoured the rebellion and shaped its leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of the identity of the issuer of the so-called "Heraios" coinage is analysed, and it is proposed that these series be ascribed to Kujula Kadphises, as already suggested by some scholars. In this regard, the circulation of these coins and the connections established by their imagery are focused upon. Some possible inferences on the original location of Kujula Kadphises are discussed in the concluding part, hypothesizing a southern context different from the northern one commonly ascribed to the founder of the Kushan dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seriation was one of the earliest applications of computers to an archaeological problem. Despite the origins of the technique in numismatics, the vast majority of coinage studies manually sequence coin hoards and issues. For many periods, the coin designs or legends can be used to provide a date. For the Republican series, however, detailed sequences rely on the use of coin hoard data. In recent years, Correspondence Analysis has become the de facto seriation routine of choice. For coinage studies, however, where the period of manufacture was very short, a successful seriation would leave one triangle empty in the re-arranged matrix rather than concentrating the largest values on the diagonal as would be the aim in other situations. The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of various easily-available off-the-shelf opensource seriation routines that have been used in archaeology for the analysis of this type of data. Given that we know a great deal about the pattern of production of Republican coinage, it is possible to create simulated coin hoard assemblages to test the various seriation routines and assess which technique is likely to provide the most successful results. This paper presents the results of applying 14 seriation methods to 27 simulated coin hoard data sets, and discusses the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeology & Science / Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke is the property of Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As shown by the finds from the Dřemčice village in North Bohemia, even confrontation of available numismatic and archaeological sources and approaches often do not lead to unambiguous and correct chronological conclusions. Therefore, in cases of unknown or unclear finding context, it is important to apply all available methods based on typological, iconographical, metrological, metallographic data and other criteria. In selected cases, analyses of the artistic aspect of Celtic coins and their pictorial elements in the context of decoration of contemporaneous archaeological artefacts also seem to be of interest. To verify the approach, we selected a Celtic coin from the earlier phase of Central European Celtic coinage and we compared it with decorations of a Hungarian style sword. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philip the Tetrarch, son of Herod the Great, was the first Jewish ruler to depict human images on his coins. This innovation of adopting numismatic portraiture must be understood in inseparable conjunction with Philip's aggressive cultivation of the imperial cult at Paneas. The present article, accordingly, offers the first focused study of how the development of iconography on his issues corresponds to specific political events of cultic concern. In this connection, a new interpretation is suggested for Philip's unique undated minting, deeply implicated in the imperial drama transpiring around the year 31 CE. The tetrarch's savvy manipulation of images, when seen against this broad background, reveals his unwavering and intensifying allegiance to the domus Augusta : to the princeps in the form of a clipeus virtutis devotion and to Livia under the aspect of Demeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details the application of a statistical method for the chronological discrimination of silver coins using counts per second trace elemental, inter‐elemental ratios. The statistical method described is based on a method that has been applied to similar archaeological materials to determine their provenance. The method makes use of the inter‐element association patterns of multi‐element analytical data determined using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). The majority of the 266 coins analysed for this study have already been successfully identified by their mint markings. The data from LA‐ICP‐MS analyses, together with what is known about the coins through visual identification, were used to discriminate the reigning sovereign, and in the case of Mexico, the year of minting, of individual coins within the elemental fingerprint of different mints. Subsequently, unidentified coins can be placed in the confusion matrix, and their trace element information used to identify their year of minting when compared with other, identified coins from the same mint. The interpretational statistical technique linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to explore an identification of year of minting of coins that have previously not been identified by other means based on a statistical comparison against a database of compositional analysis of silver coins of known year of minting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The portrait of a young Heracles wearing the lion skin was a familiar sight on Hellenistic coins. Though this coin type is often interpreted as serving legitimizing purposes by connecting Hellenistic rulers to Alexander the Great, who popularized this type, such explanations are problematic for understanding the portrait's appearance in places like Sparta and Carthage, who had less to gain from evoking the memory of Alexander. This article argues for the symbolic and economic value of Heracles' portrait in its own right. The portrait's popularity can be attributed to the hero's own associations with royal authority, his widespread appeal, and his ability to blend with the regional and local traditions of Hellenistic subjects within and outside of the Greek world. Further, this particular representation of Heracles was especially popular among rulers striving to assert their claims to the throne, including usurpers, because of its familiarity. The coin type lent an element of political and economic reliability to the ruler and facilitated the hiring of mercenary forces, who had long been accustomed to receiving pay in coins of this type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient Armenian sources are very scarce and do not permit a thorough understanding of Ancient Armenia. For this reason, all available sources relevant to Armenia need to be considered and studied. This is notably the case for Roman Coinage, where issues related to Armenia were struck over the course of 200 years. This paper examines how Roman coinage is able to influence our understanding of Roman, Armenian and Parthian relationships. The study begins with the analysis of the monetary iconography of Armenia and Armenians on Roman coinage through their attributes and postures. Following the first part, the study questions the Roman coinage as a source of ideological representations of the events. Indeed, the issues do not reflect the intricate relationships of the Romans, Armenians and Parthians, but rather highlight Roman victories and the image of the Emperor. Despite this Roman prism, the last part of the article shows that it is possible to use the coinage as a source for Roman, Armenian and Parthian reationship studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb / Vjesnik Arheološkog Muzeja u Zagrebu is the property of Archaeological Museum in Zagreb and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is devoted to the Iranian copper coins of the 17th-18th centuries with the countermark "saber" (shamshīr) that were recently found in Armenia. Numismatic analysis shows that their production was carried out by Davit Bek, the leader of the Armenian army in Kapan in 1722-1728, after 1725 or 1726, when he received the right of anonymous coinage from Shah Ṭahmāsp II. The symbolism of the image chosen for overstriking Iranian coins is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of the aureus to the Roman imperial coinage system has not yet been fully explained, but a convergence of four factors in the 40s BCE explains this coin's introduction and continuation. First, the use of gold coins as a medium of exchange and store of value was easily comprehensible for Romans. Second, the civil wars in the 40s and 30s provided the need for a high value coin so the generals struck numerous aurei. Thirdly, Romans perceived a need for more media of exchange during the debt crisis of the 40s so the coin was readily accepted into common use. Finally, the mint continued to produce aurei to pay the imperial army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luke's parable of the lost drachma (Luke 15:8-10) is sandwiched between the parable of the lost sheep (Luke 15:3-7) and the parable of the lost son (Luke 15:11-31). In this position, it is easy to overlook the significance of this pithy parable to an ancient audience. Insight can be gained by considering the relationship that the audience had with their coinage and, in particular, with the saving hoards that they amassed in their houses. A number of difficulties need to be overcome to get in on the audience's experience, including the terminology used for the coins themselves since the drachma did not circulate in Roman Judea or Galilee. It is argued in this article that, once the audience's emotional connections to their coin hoards is revealed, the emphasis of the parable is seen to fall on the rejoicing. It is expected that those in the audience will rejoice at the finding of the lost coin, and in so doing experience repentance and so share in the rejoicing of the angels (Luke 15:10). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1991, Ya'akov Meshorer withdrew his 1967 theory that Alexander Jannaeus struck the first Hasmonean coins. Recently a scholar has attempted to resurrect the theory. This article argues that this attempt does not pass muster based on current evidence from archaeology, numismatics and the physical sciences. Various historical theories of Hasmonean chronology are examined and placed into the context of present knowledge, concluding firmly that the first Hasmonean ruler to mint coins was John Hyrcanus I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the course of research by the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAW) between 2008 and 2017 in the area of the Amber Road in eastern Austria, a military camp dating to the early imperial period was discovered near Strebersdorf, from which 452 coin finds were recovered by means of detector survey. Findings of coins from the region date back more than 100 years, published in 1984 in the series Die Fundmünzen der römischen Zeit in Österreich (FMRÖ). In the following, the finds from the survey will be analysed numismatically, focusing at first on the question of the beginning of military presence on site. Furthermore, the development of the settlement up to the 4th century is traced, and the end of coin circulation and settlement activity is also examined. The beginning of coin circulation in Strebersdorf can be determined as falling in late Augustan / early Tiberian times, which suggests that the earliest military camp was established in the wake of the expansions under Augustus, and probably in close connection with the Pannonian Revolt (6-9 AD). In late Tiberian / early Claudian times, the coin supply broke up, and obviously the camp was abandoned. After this, the coin finds no longer occur in the core area of the former military camp, but shift to the vicus, which takes a clear upswing from the times of Trajan and Hadrian onwards. A renewed military presence from Hadrian onwards is suggested not only by increasing numbers of coin finds, but also by the facts that the Amber Road, as a supply road to the Danube, had to be secured, and that local iron mining was being conducted. The settlement seems also to have participated in the general economic upswing in the Severan period. From then on, the finds occur almost exclusively in the area of the street settlement, which apparently developed as an economic centre. In the 4th century, too, uninterrupted development can be expected, with an absolute peak of monetary activity being reached in the 2nd half of the century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)