Search

Background: Dementia in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) is difficult to detect because of preexisting cognitive deficits. An effective screening method is required. The Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID) was developed as an observer rating tool to screen dementia in people with ID. The aim of this study was to verify the screening accuracy of the DSQIID for Japanese people with ID. Methods: Four‐hundred ninety‐three subjects with ID participated in this study. Caregivers who had observed the participants for more than 2 years scored the Japanese version of the DSQIID (DSQIID‐J) of the participants. Three doctors examined participants directly and diagnosed dementia using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. To identify the key screening items that predict dementia, the specificities of a single and pairs of items with 100% sensitivity were evaluated relative to the dementia diagnosis. Results: Of 493 participants, 34 were people with Down syndrome (DS), and 459 were people without DS. Seventeen participants were diagnosed with dementia. The suitable cut‐off score of the DSQIID‐J was 10/11 (sensitivity 100% and specificity 96.8%) for screening dementia. The inter‐rater reliability, test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the DSQIID‐J were excellent. Regarding key items, there was no single item with 100% sensitivity, and the best two‐item combination was the pair of 'Cannot dress without help' and 'Walks slower' (sensitivity 100% and specificity 93.5%). Conclusions: We identified several important question items of the DSQIID‐J related to the diagnosis of dementia in people with ID. The DSQIID‐J is a useful screening tool for dementia in adults with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Evidence for the association between dialysis treatment and cognitive decline is limited. The present study aimed to determine whether dialysis treatment is associated with cognitive decline in adult outpatients of a general hospital in Japan. Methods This was a cross-sectional substudy of the Project in Sado for Total Health (PROST). Total Health PROST targeted adult outpatients of a general hospital in Sado City, Niigata, Japan. Among 753 patients (mean age 68.1 ± 11.6 years) analyzed, 66 received dialysis. Cognitive state was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination, and those with a Mini-Mental State Examination score <24 were considered 'cognitively declined.' The prevalence of cognitive decline was compared by odds ratios calculated with multiple logistic regression analysis. Variables included in the analyses were dialysis, age, sex and self-reported histories of hypertension, diabetes, stroke and ischemic heart disease. Results Of the 66 dialysis patients, 24 (36.4%) showed cognitive decline, whereas 172 (25.0%) of 687 non-dialysis patients showed cognitive decline. The age and sex-adjusted odds ratio for cognitive decline in dialysis patients was 2.57 (95% confidence interval 1.43-4.61), relative to non-dialysis patients. The odds ratio remained significant (odds ratio 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.49-4.88) even after adjusting for all covariates. Conclusion The prevalence of cognitive decline was high in dialysis patients relative to non-dialysis patients among outpatients of a general hospital in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1584-1587. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]