1. Associations Between Objectively Measured Sleep and Cognition: Main Effects and Interactions With Race in Adults Aged ≥50 Years.
- Author
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Owusu JT, Rabinowitz JA, Tzuang M, An Y, Kitner-Triolo M, Zipunnikov V, Wu MN, Wanigatunga SK, Schrack JA, Thorpe RJ, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM, and Spira AP
- Subjects
- Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Actigraphy, Sleep, Cognition
- Abstract
Background: This study examined associations of actigraphy-estimated sleep parameters with concurrent and future cognitive performance in adults aged ≥ 50 years and explored interactions with race., Methods: Participants were 435 cognitively normal adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who completed wrist actigraphy at baseline (mean = 6.6 nights) and underwent longitudinal testing of memory, attention, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability. On average, participants with follow-up data were followed for 3.1 years. Primary predictors were baseline mean total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Fully adjusted linear mixed-effects models included demographics, baseline health-related characteristics, smoking status, sleep medication use, APOE e4 carrier status, and interactions of each covariate with time., Results: In adjusted models, higher SE (per 10%; B = 0.11, p = .012) and lower WASO (per 30 minutes; B = -0.12, p = .007) were associated with better memory cross-sectionally. In contrast, higher SE was associated with greater visuospatial ability decline longitudinally (B = -0.02, p = .004). Greater WASO was associated with poorer visuospatial ability cross-sectionally (B = -0.09, p = .019) but slower declines in visuospatial abilities longitudinally (B = 0.02, p = .002). Several sleep-cognition cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were stronger in, or limited to, Black participants (compared to White participants)., Conclusions: This study suggests cross-sectional sleep-cognition associations differ across distinct objective sleep parameters and cognitive domains. This study also provides preliminary evidence for racial differences across some sleep-cognition relationships. Unexpected directions of associations between baseline sleep and cognitive performance over time may be attributable to the significant proportion of participants without follow-up data and require further investigation., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
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