3,128 results
Search Results
2. Leaked paper shows Romania’s power sector coal-free in 2026
- Subjects
Power plants ,Electric power-plants ,Coal-fired power plants ,Coal industry ,Electric power transmission ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Abstract
Romanias electricity transmission system operator Transelectrica is working on a ten-year plan through 2033. According to media reports, the draft shows coal power gone already in 2026. A similar announcement [...]
- Published
- 2024
3. Fuel properties and combustion performance of hydrochars prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of different recycling paper mill wastes.
- Author
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Assis, Englatina I. N. C. and Chirwa, Evans M. N.
- Subjects
PAPER mill waste ,HYDROTHERMAL carbonization ,PAPER recycling ,CARBONIZATION ,COMBUSTION ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
The incineration of high‐moisture solid residues generated at the recycling paper mills represents an energetically unfavourable method of resource utilization. Alternatively, hydrothermal pre‐treatment is considered. In this study, low‐value paper sludges from three different recycling streams were hydrothermally carbonized at 205, 225, and 245°C for 3 h. The raw feedstocks and derived hydrochars were analyzed for energy properties, chemical characteristics, surface morphology, functional groups, and combustion performance employing energy densification and mass yield quantification, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analyzer, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The increase in reaction temperature was reported to cause a decrease in mass yield and an increase in energy densification and calorific values corresponding to 5.98%–49.35% and 10.10%–58.51% for raw fibre rejects and final sludge‐derived hydrochar, respectively. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) had a non‐significant influence on the energy densification of primary clarifier sludge‐derived hydrochar. Higher reaction temperatures favoured the rate of dehydration and decarboxylation, leading to hydrochars with lower H/C and O/C ratios, thereby enhancing the overall fuel properties. The low‐nitrogen and low‐sulphur fuels obtained validated the effectiveness of HTC treatment to produce high‐quality cleaner solid fuel. The burnout temperature was mostly reduced with an increase in HTC temperature. At HTC‐205 and 225°C, the ignition temperature and the combustion performance increased as a result of the HTC reaction mechanisms. HTC effectively recovered hydrochar with increased carbon content, improved energy densification, and good combustion adequacy. Hydrochar derived from recycling mills may play a role in the energy sector as a substitute for coal or in co‐combustion at coal‐fired power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Uttar Pradesh's Bioenergy Policy: Good on paper, execution may be tricky
- Subjects
Biogas ,Biomass energy ,Coal-fired power plants ,Energy minerals ,Fossil fuels ,Environmental issues ,Regional focus/area studies - Abstract
India, Nov. 1 -- Offers cheap land for lease, tax and tariff exemptions to reduce fossil fuel use Uttar Pradesh recently launched its Bioenergy Policy 2022 to boost bio-economy and [...]
- Published
- 2022
5. The potential of fly ash-based calcium silicate as paper filler: Physical properties and printability.
- Author
-
SHUNXI SONG, MEIYUN ZHANG, ZHIRUN YUAN, JIAN WANG, JUNMIN SUN, and YONGHAO NI
- Subjects
FLY ash ,CALCIUM silicates ,PAPER industry ,FILLER materials ,COAL-fired power plants ,STRENGTH of materials - Abstract
The development and application of low-cost and high-performance fillers by the paper industry is one of the most interesting aspects of filler technology. A novel calcium silicate, a byproduct, known as fly ashbased calcium silicate (FACS), from the value-added use of fly ash of coal-fired power plants, can be used as paper filler. To simulate the industrial papermaking process, a dynamic sheet former was used to evaluate the effect of FACS on the physical properties and printability of calendered paper. The results were compared with those of commonly used fillers, i.e., ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). FACS-filled paper delivered a higher bulk than GCC-filled or PCC-filled papers at a given paper roughness. In addition, use of the original FACS exerted less influence on the tensile and tear strength of the filled paper. Printing quality tests indicated that at the same print density, the ink demand of FACS-filled paper was higher than that of GCC-filled or PCC-filled papers, but lower print through was obtained at the same amount of ink transferred to paper. The paper sheets containing the original FACS exhibited better surface strength than PCC-filled sheets. The results support the potential use of FACS as a low-cost filler for fine paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
6. PJM PAPER ADDS TO RELIABILITY WARNINGS
- Subjects
Coal-fired power plants ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The following information was released by America's Power: In a recent letter to PJM Interconnection, America's Power explained that near-term coal plant retirements could be three times [...]
- Published
- 2023
7. Statistical prediction model for water vapor barrier of extrusion-coated paper.
- Author
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Lahtinen, Kimmo and Kuusipalo, Jurkka
- Subjects
PAPERMAKING ,FLY ash ,PAPER coatings ,PAPER industry ,PAPER products ,COAL-fired power plants ,FILLER materials ,PAPERMAKING machinery ,ADDITIVES - Abstract
The article discusses the experimental study on the use of fly ash, major by-products of thermal power plants as wet end filler in papermaking. According to the author, the effects of fly ash addition as compared to those of kaolin clay is more superior. Fly ash obtained from burning of pulverized coal are dumped close to power plants creating environmental pollution. It has a wide variation in particle size and acts as an inert material. The author added that this is the first evaluation of the possible use of fly ash in paper industry.
- Published
- 2008
8. Coal combustion residues from pulp and paper mills for potential applications.
- Author
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Sultana, Firoza and Rano, Ruma
- Subjects
- *
COAL combustion , *COAL-fired power plants , *PAPER mill waste , *ADSORPTION capacity , *PULP mills - Abstract
Coal combustion power stations generate huge quantities of ash annually; thus, utilization of such waste residues is an important and essential component for sustainable disposal and management. This paper summarizes an investigation carried out on the coal combustion residues (CCRs) collected from Cachar Paper Mill, Assam, India. A thorough characterization of ash has been carried out with respect to its physicochemical, mineralogical, and morphological features by using density determination, loss on ignition (LOI) determination, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive X-ray, etc. . The coarser fraction appears to contain a high percentage of char, semi-coked/coked carbonaceous particles, and exceptionally high LOI (86%) values. The carbonaceous matters contain some aliphatic carbon, which implies incomplete combustion. For correlating the total characteristic features, various experiments were performed based on which a number of possible potential utilization directions were suggested. Furthermore, the coarser particles showed excellent water-holding capacities (WHCs, 400%) and good adsorption capabilities, due to the presence of micro- and macropores. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. DOST-PNRI chief urges Duterte to sign draft paper on nuclear energy
- Subjects
Nuclear energy ,Coal-fired power plants ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Abstract
The director of the Department of Science and Technology- Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI) has urged President Rodrigo Duterte to sign the draft of a national position that would allow [...]
- Published
- 2021
10. Regulatory update: Minnesota Public Utilities Commission; PUC , has issued (21-295 ) BRIEFING PAPERS--NOVEMBER 23, 2021 AGENDA
- Subjects
Xcel Energy Inc. ,Nuclear energy ,Electric utilities ,Public utilities ,Coal-fired power plants ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Saint Paul: Minnesota Public Utilities Commission has issued the following document: At what level should Xcel Energy's 2022 Annual Forecasted Rates for its Energy Adjustment Rider be set? On April [...]
- Published
- 2021
11. Siemens releases 'Siemens China Carbon Neutrality White Paper'
- Subjects
Siemens AG -- International economic relations ,Sustainable development ,Coal-fired power plants ,Electronics industry -- International economic relations ,Carbon dioxide ,Consulting services -- International economic relations ,Green building (Construction) ,Electronics industry ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
Nov. 6 -- Siemens (China) Co., Ltd. issued the following news release: - November 5-10, 2021, National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai), Technical Equipment Exhibition Area, 4.1B3-006 - Combining global [...]
- Published
- 2021
12. Portable digital holographic particle analyzer (DHPA) for pneumatically conveyed fuel monitoring: Design and validation.
- Author
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Jin, Qiwen, Zeng, Lei, Chen, Xijiong, Li, Pei, Fu, Haiyuan, Zhou, Yonggang, Wu, Yingchun, and Wu, Xuecheng
- Subjects
- *
COAL-fired power plants , *ELECTRONIC paper , *ENERGY conservation , *VOLUME measurements , *FLUIDIZED-bed combustion - Abstract
Efficient, clean, and intelligent operation of coal-fired power plants plays a crucial role in the pursuit of energy conservation and carbon reduction. Online monitoring of pneumatically conveyed fuel is essential to furnish fundamental data for combustion optimization. This paper proposes a digital holographic particle analyzer (DHPA) with a portable design for monitoring pulverized fuel fineness. DHPA consists of a particle sampling and recycling probe, a digital inline holographic system, a controlling module, and software. The probe extracts representative fuel particles from the pipe, which are subsequently measured in a three-dimensional field by pulsed digital inline holography before being returned to the pipe. The performance tests of DHPA for coal fineness measurement encompass investigations into the dispersion of particles within the measurement volume, the minimum particle number necessary for reliable results, a comparison with the laser particle analyzer and sieving method, as well as sensitivity to mill parameter changes. It is recommended to capture at least 4 × 104 particles to ensure a credible outcome. DHPA exhibits comparability with the traditional sieving method, displaying an absolute error of 1.48% for fineness R 90 measurement. Moreover, DHPA has been successfully employed for measuring and optimizing the coal fineness at full-scale power plants. On-site measurements have unequivocally confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of DHPA for monitoring pulverized fuel. [Display omitted] • A novel and portable digital holographic particle analyzer (DHPA) is developed. • DHPA can provide on-line, flexible, and closed-loop measurement. • DHPA is a viable alternative to the conventional off-line technique. • DHPA has been successfully applied in full-scale coal-fired plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. International Paper seeks expedited permit to convert coal power boiler at Savannah, GA, packaging paper mill [From the web]
- Subjects
Paper industry ,Paper mills ,Coal conversion ,Heating -- Equipment and supplies ,Coal-fired power plants ,Forest products industry ,Sulfur compounds ,Packaging ,Business ,Containers and packaging industries - Abstract
SAVANNAH, GA, Sept. 23, 2014 (Savannah Morning News) - The Georgia Environmental Protection Division will hold a two-part forum on Tuesday at International Paper to answer questions and receive formal [...]
- Published
- 2014
14. Viken Skog's Treklyngen and Arbaflame plan biocoal production plant at shuttered Follum paper mill in Norway
- Subjects
Paper industry -- Facility closures ,Paper mills ,Coal-fired power plants ,Business ,Containers and packaging industries - Abstract
HØNEFOSS, Norway, June 17, 2014 (Press Release) - Treklyngen and Arbaflame have signed a cooperation agreement and are planning a biocoal production plant at Viken Skog's facility at Follum. Biocoal [...]
- Published
- 2014
15. Combustion Characteristics of Spent Catalyst and Paper Sludge in an Internally Circulating Fluidized-Bed Combustor.
- Author
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Seon Ah Roh, Dae Sung Jung, Sang Done Kim, and Guy, Christophe
- Subjects
- *
INCINERATION , *WASTE management , *AIR pollution , *COMBUSTION , *FLUIDIZED-bed combustion , *COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
Combustion of spent vacuum residue hydrodesulfurization catalyst and incineration of paper sludge were carried out in thermo-gravimetric analyzer and an internally circulating fluidized-bed (ICFB) reactor. From the thermogravimetric analyzer-differential thermo-gravimetric curves, the pre-exponential factors and activation energies are determined at the divided temperature regions, and the thermo-gravimetric analysis patterns can be predicted by the kinetic equations. The effects of bed temperature, gas velocity in the draft tube and annulus, solid circulation rate, and waste feed rate on combustion efficiency of the wastes have been determined in an ICFB from the experiments and the model studies. The ICFB combustor exhibits uniform temperature distribution along the bed height with high combustion efficiency (<90%). The combustion efficiency increases with increasing reaction temperature, gas velocity in the annulus region, and solid circulation rate and decreases with increasing waste feed rate and gas velocity in the draft tube. The simulated data from the kinetic equation and the hydrodynamic models predict the experimental data reasonably well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Particle–metal interactions during combustion of pulp and paper biomass in a fluidized bed combustor
- Author
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Eldabbagh, F., Ramesh, A., Hawari, J., Hutny, W., and Kozinski, J.A.
- Subjects
- *
COMBUSTION , *BIOMASS , *FLUIDIZED-bed combustion , *COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
Abstract: We compare interactions between metals and solid particles during the classic fluidized bed combustion (FBC) and a new low–high–low temperature (LHL) combustion of selected biomass. The biomass was a mixture of bark and pine wood residues typically used by a paper mill as a source of energy. Experiments, conducted on a pilot scale, reveal a clear pattern of surface predominance of light metals (Ca, Na, K) and core predominance of heavy metals (Cd, Cr) within the LHL-generated particles. No such behavior was induced by the FBC. Metal migration is linked to the evolution of inorganic particles. A composite picture of the metal rearrangements in the particles was obtained by a combination of independent analytical techniques including electron probe microanalysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, and X-ray diffractometry. It is suggested that the combination of (1) the high-temperature region in the LHL and (2) changes in the surface free energy of the particles is the driving force for the metal–particle behavior. Important practical implications of the observed phenomena are proposed, including removal of hazardous submicron particulate and reduction in fouling/slagging during biomass combustion. These findings may contribute to redesigning of currently operating FBC units to generate nonhazardous, nonleachable, reusable particles where heavy metals are immobilized while environmental and technological problems reduced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Determination of the Percentage of Free Hydrogen After the Placement of Cemented Fly Ash Grout.
- Author
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Bunn, Thomas, Reid, Shaun, Gilroy, Tim, and De Sousa Felix, Marta
- Subjects
GROUT (Mortar) ,FLY ash ,COAL mining ,VENTILATION ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
Grouts composed of a mixture of power station fly ash and general purpose cement are pumped into operating and disused underground coal mines for a variety of purposes. In operating coal mines grout is used for strata support, longwall recovery, ventilation control, and monolithic seals. In disused mines, the grout is used to protect surface infrastructure and promote development of surface infrastructure. These applications provide an avenue for recycling fly ash, a bulk material that is produced in significant quantities by coal fired power stations. An international research paper indicates that a grout consisting of fly ash from incinerated municipal waste and cement caused the evolution of hydrogen gas after placement. Such liberation may present an explosive risk if the hydrogen concentration reaches a critical range. This paper examines the potential for hydrogen liberation from grouts composed of Australian power station fly ash and general purpose cement, for the purpose of reviewing their suitability for mining applications. Experiments were conducted in which grout was placed in sealed containers for placement periods of 1 hour, 4 hours, 24 hours and 7 days, before gas was sampled from each container for determination of any liberated hydrogen and comparison to the known explosive range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
18. REFILE-EU policy paper backs help to export coal-fired power plants
- Subjects
Power plants ,Exports ,Electric power-plants ,Coal-fired power plants ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries ,European Union - Abstract
* OECD expected to debate coal export credits this month * EU diplomat says 'most EU nations' support the idea * Policy paper is an informal, not a formal Commission [...]
- Published
- 2014
19. Paper companies, other industries concerned EPA greenhouse gas limits will go beyond coal power plants [From the web]
- Subjects
United States. Environmental Protection Agency ,Power plants ,Greenhouse gases ,Electric power-plants ,Coal-fired power plants ,Atmospheric carbon dioxide ,Air pollution ,Business ,Containers and packaging industries - Abstract
WASHINGTON, DC, May 12, 2014 (Bloomberg Businessweek) - Refiners, paper makers and steel producers have taken aim at a proposal from the Environmental Protection Agency to limit greenhouse gases from [...]
- Published
- 2014
20. "Waste to energy" as a driver towards a sustainable and circular energy future for the Balkan countries.
- Author
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Bjelić, Draženko, Markić, Dragana Nešković, Prokić, Dunja, Malinović, Borislav N., and Panić, Andrea Andrejević
- Subjects
CLEAN energy ,ENERGY futures ,CIRCULAR economy ,WASTE management ,COAL-fired power plants ,PLASTIC scrap recycling - Abstract
Background: The main goal of the paper is to review the existing state and propose a model solution for the introduction of the waste-to-energy concept in the Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as these Balkan countries are a source of high pollution due to the inefficient use of fossil fuels and the operation of coal-fired power plants. Besides, these countries have very low level of waste management, which results in the uncontrolled disposal of a large amount of waste which consists of plastic and microplastic materials which are difficult to decompose in natural ecosystems. Methods: Considering the type and objectives of the study, a mixed research method was chosen as a combination of exploratory research, descriptive research, explanatory research, and modeling. Results: The main result of the research shows the unfavorable situation in the field of waste management in the Republic of Serbia, as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both countries have adopted adequate strategies and plans, but waste management is not implemented accordingly, Nevertheless, numerous problems create considerable opportunities for improvement, especially regarding the potential for energy production from waste, which is an important approach to implementing the circular economy model. The study showed that the situation is particularly unfavorable in rural areas. Hence, the research proposes (a) a novel model for waste-to-energy governance and (b) a novel model for waste-to-energy management in rural areas. The research was done, and models were developed based on the examples of the Republic of Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the results can be used in countries with a similar level of waste management and with a larger share of rural areas. Conclusions: The paper emphasizes the importance of a holistic and systemic approach to waste management, with emphasis on using waste-to-energy concept as particularly applicable in the transition to circular economy. This study proposes a model for the integration of waste management (with emphasis on plastic and microplastic) and energy efficiency, presenting a model of approach that can be used in countries that are at the beginning of introducing a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Applicability of methanol as new marker for paper degradation in power transformers.
- Author
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Schaut, Annelore, Autru, Stijn, and Eeckhoudt, Steve
- Subjects
ELECTRIC transformers testing ,INSULATING oils ,PAPER in electrical insulation ,GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ,METHANOL ,OXIDATION ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
This study was designed to examine methanol as a new aging marker of insulating paper. An analytical GC-MS method coupled to headspace injection was developed, followed by a validation. To further validate the possible applicability of methanol for different transformer conditions some laboratory studies were performed such as a stability and an aging test. Oil samples of power transformers of several Belgian nuclear and coal-fired power plants have been analyzed since mid 2009 and are followed-up periodically to correlate the results with the analysis of the furanic compounds which have been used since mid 1980s as oil soluble degradation products of the insulating winding paper. It seemed that while no 2FAL was present some considerable amount of MeOH was detected which revealed some paper degradation. A second real case study was started to further correlate MeOH and 2FAL results. From these laboratory and real case studies it seemed that MeOH is a very promising marker for paper degradation in power transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Developing a three stage coordinated approach to enhance efficiency and reliability of virtual power plants.
- Author
-
Amissah, Jeremiah, Abdel-Rahim, Omar, Mansour, Diaa-Eldin A., Bajaj, Mohit, Zaitsev, Ievgen, and Abdelkader, Sobhy
- Subjects
OPTIMIZATION algorithms ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,POWER resources ,ENERGY industries ,GENETIC algorithms ,MACHINE learning ,POWER plants ,COAL-fired power plants ,MARKETING forecasting - Abstract
A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is a centralized energy system that manages, and coordinates distributed energy resources, integrating them into a unified entity. While the physical assets may be dispersed across various locations, the VPP integrates them into a virtual unified entity capable of responding to grid demands and market signals. This paper presents a tri-level hierarchical coordinated operational framework of VPP. Firstly, an Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm (IPOA) is introduced to optimally schedule Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) within the VPP, resulting in a significant reduction in generation costs. Comparative analysis against conventional algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) demonstrates IPOA's superior performance, achieving an average reduction of 8.5% in generation costs across various case studies. The second stage focuses on securing the optimized generation data from rising cyber threats, employing the capabilities of machine learning, preferably, a convolutional autoencoder to learn the normal patterns of the optimized data to detect deviations from the optimized generation data to prevent suboptimal decisions. The model exhibits exceptional performance in detecting manipulated data, with a False Positive Rate (FPR) of 1.92% and a Detection Accuracy (DA) of 98.06%, outperforming traditional detection techniques. Lastly, the paper delves into the dynamic nature of the day ahead market that the VPP participates in. In responding to the grid by selling its optimized generated power via the day-ahead market, the VPP employs the Prophet model, another machine learning technique to forecast the spot market price for the day-ahead to mitigate the adverse effects of price volatility. By utilizing Prophet forecasts, the VPP achieves an average revenue increase of 15.3% compared to scenarios without price prediction, emphasizing the critical role of predictive analytics in optimizing economic gains. This tri-level coordinated approach adopted addresses key challenges in the energy sector, facilitating progress towards achieving universal access to clean and affordable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Improvement of Economic Integration of Renewable Energy Resources through Incentive-Based Demand Response Programs.
- Author
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Jalilzadeh Hamidi, Reza and Asadinejad, Ailin
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,ECONOMIC uncertainty ,MARKET prices ,MARKET pricing ,MARKET volatility ,COAL-fired power plants ,POWER plants - Abstract
The integration of renewable generation presents a promising venue for displacing fossil fuels, yet integration remains a challenge. This paper investigates Demand Response (DR) as a means of economically integrating Renewable Energy Resources (RERs). We propose Incentive-Based DR (IBDR) programs, particularly suitable for small customers. The uncertainties in the electricity market price pose a challenge to IBDR programs, which is addressed in this paper through a novel and robust IBDR approach that considers both the electricity market price uncertainties and customer responses to incentives. In this paper, scenarios are simulated premised on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) 240-bus system in which coal-fired power plants become inactivated, while the RER contribution increases in the span of one year. The simulation results indicate that the proposed IBDR program mitigates the issues associated with renewable expansion, such as utility benefit loss and market price volatility. In addition, the proposed IBDR effectively manages up to 30% of errors in day-ahead wind forecasts that significantly reduce financial risks linked to IBDR programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Air pollution modeling to support strategic environmental assessment: case study—National Emission Reduction Plan for coal-fired thermal power plants in Serbia.
- Author
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Josimović, Boško, Todorović, Dušan, Jovović, Aleksandar, and Manić, Božidar
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,COAL-fired power plants ,RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,THERMAL coal ,POWER plants ,AIR quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,DECISION making - Abstract
The paper presents a specific method of environmental impact assessment applied in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the National Emission Reduction Plan (NERP) in the Republic of Serbia, based on air quality. The specificity of the approach is in the application of a semiquantitative method of multicriteria evaluation based on air dispersion modeling and the integration of SEA goals, indicators and criteria for assessing the impact of the NERP on the quality of air and other environmental elements in this method. When predicting changes in air quality for the planning horizon to 2028, the physical, geographical and climatic characteristics of the area were taken into account, as well as technical measures to reduce SO
2 emissions, since this was the dominant pollutant from the Serbian coal-fired power plants studied by the NERP. Air pollution modeling was carried out using the AERMOD software package based on the data collected, and the quantitative results obtained were used in a multicriteria evaluation as part of the SEA. The results of the research indicated the importance of applying this approach in order to significantly increase objectivity in the SEA process, since it is an important element of decision making at the strategic level. In addition, a comparative presentation of the modeling results before and after application of the NERP was an important part of the SEA process, and it provided a clear insight into expected changes in the air quality. This is a key argument for making appropriate policy decisions on spatial, energy, environmental and socio-economic development in the Republic of Serbia, which, like other developing countries, is sluggishly following global trends in energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Seismic Performance Assessment of a Cable-Damper Stopper Equipped for Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants: Theoretical and Numerical Analyses.
- Author
-
Jiang, Yuheng, Duan, Liping, and Zhao, Jincheng
- Subjects
COAL-fired power plants ,CABLE structures ,NUMERICAL analysis ,SHAKING table tests ,FINITE element method ,SEISMIC response - Abstract
A new cable-damper stopper equipped for Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants (CFTPPs) was proposed in our previous paper, where a series of shaking table tests were carried out to investigate its seismic performance, so this paper aims to reveal the working mechanism of the stopper from the theoretical and numerical simulation aspects. The stopper is composed of three main components, i.e. a steel cable, a steel block and a viscous damper. First, the nonlinear restraint stiffness of the steel cable to the boiler was derived; second, the critical damping of the stopper, which makes the vibration of the boiler decay exponentially with no oscillation, was derived; third, an iterative method was proposed to globally tune the CFTPP structure, which makes it possible to obtain the optimal parameters of the cable-damper stopper, including the diameter of the steel cable and damping coefficient of the damper. Finally, finite element models were built and time history analyses were conducted to verify the proposed optimization approach. Firstly, the finite element models were proved valid through the comparison between the results of the simulations and the experiments. Then, based on the results of the simulations, the theoretical procedure was validated. The results revealed that the proposed cable-damper stopper reduced the seismic responses of displacements of the top floor and the boiler significantly, about 30.18% and 60.01% respectively compared with their counterparts of CFTPPs without stoppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The impact of variation in water flow rate and temperature on reliability analysis of run of the river power plants.
- Author
-
Ghaedi, Amir, Sedaghati, Reza, and Mahmoudian, Mehrdad
- Subjects
ELECTRIC network analysis ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,POWER plants ,ELECTRIC networks ,COAL-fired power plants ,ARRHENIUS equation ,ELECTRIC power consumption - Abstract
A run‐of‐the‐river power plant is a renewable energy source used for electricity production. Its power output depends on the varying water flow rate over time, which can impact the reliability of the electric network. Previous research has not studied the effects of water flow rate and temperature variations on the hazard rate of the plant's components. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the impact of these variations on the reliability of electric networks with run‐of‐the‐river power plants. The analysis considers the hazard rates of the plant's components, incorporating the relationship between hazard rate and temperature based on the Arrhenius law. Parameters such as power output, current, power loss, operating temperature, and hazard rate are calculated for different water flow rates and ambient temperatures. Numerical simulations on a test system are conducted to examine the influence of water flow rate and temperature on the reliability indices of the electric network. The results demonstrate that water flow rate and temperature significantly affect the hazard rates of run‐of‐the‐river power plants. This highlights the need to consider these factors in the reliability analysis of electric networks incorporating these renewable resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Capacity sizing method of virtual power plants based on game theory.
- Author
-
Liu, Xiaoou
- Subjects
GAME theory ,COST benefit analysis ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,INVESTORS ,ALLOCATION (Accounting) ,POWER plants ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
In the context of a low‐carbon economy, considering the output uncertainties of the renewable energy sources and the fluctuation of electrical price, the cost–benefit analysis is proposed for multi‐investor virtual power plant (VPP) under different risk preferences, and multi‐investor VPP capacity sizing problem is researched. First, the structural organization and flexible regulation characteristics of multi‐investor VPPs are analyzed. Second, integrated model and cost–benefit analysis indexes of VPP are built. Third, an optimal capacity sizing model of multi‐investor VPP is established, aiming at income maximization. Game theory is used to configure the distributed generators in the VPP under various cooperative modes and noncooperative modes of multiple investors. Fourth, according to the installed proportion of each distributed generator and the risk preference coefficient of each investor, the income allocation correction model based on the improved Shapley value method is proposed to stabilize the optimal VPP alliance. Finally, the demonstration project in the animation industry park of Sino‐Singapore Tianjin Eco‐City is employed as representative scenarios, which is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results prove that the method proposed in this paper can guide knowledge for the investors with different risk preferences when planning the optimal capacity of multiple distributed generators in the VPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effects of pulverized coal fly-ash addition as a wet-end filler in papermaking.
- Author
-
Sinha, Akhour Sanjay Kumar
- Subjects
FLY ash ,COAL ,PAPERMAKING ,PAPERMAKING machinery ,COAL-fired power plants ,PAPER industry ,PAPER products industry ,PAPER coatings ,ADDITIVES - Abstract
The article presents an experimental study on the use of pulverized coal fly ash as a wet end filler in papermaking. A major by-product of thermal power plants, large amounts of fly ash are dumped close to power plants which can cause environmental pollution specially when mixed to air, water, and soil over several hectares of land. According to the report, paper samples with fly ash were superior compared to kaolin clay which are commonly use as filler. It has a wide variation in particle size such as those from the burning of pulverized coal which has very fine particles and it acts as an inert material in papermaking process. The author states that this is the first evaluation of fly ash possible use in paper industry.
- Published
- 2008
29. The economics of clean coal power generation with carbon capture and storage technology in China.
- Author
-
Xu, Yan, Wang, Kai, and Pei, Jiamei
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,CLEAN energy ,CARBON offsetting ,CLEAN coal technologies ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,COAL-fired power plants ,INTEGRATED gasification combined cycle power plants - Abstract
The double-carbon goal proposal has made it imperative for China's power industry to address the urgent issue of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants and promoting their clean and efficient use. A new approach to achieving peak-shaving and improving grid stability is the combination of carbon capture and storage (CCS) facilities with coal-fired power plants, which offers a strategic solution for mitigating climate change. Nonetheless, the viability of CCS retrofitting for coal-fired power plants in China hinges on its economic feasibility. The technical characteristics, economic analysis, and policy implications of clean coal-fired power plant equipped with CCS (CCP-CCS) technologies are evaluated in the paper. A comparison of the characteristics of different clean coal power generation technologies, including capacity, efficiency, coal consumption, and environmental performance, is conducted. The paper analyzes the economic feasibility of four typical clean coal power generation technologies, namely Supercritical (SC), Ultra-supercritical (USC), Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), and Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB), both with and without CCS, using the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) model. Financial parameters, investment parameters, operation and maintenance parameters, tax parameters, and capacity parameters are all considered in the LCOE model. The results indicate: (1) If CCS is not installed, the LCOE of USC power plants is the lowest at 0.37 yuan/kWh, while the LCOE of IGCC power plants is the highest at 0.44 yuan/kWh. (2) If CCS is installed, the LCOE of CFB units is the highest at 0.74 yuan/kWh, while the LCOE of USC units is the lowest at 0.60 yuan/kWh. (3) In sensitivity analysis, coal prices have the most significant impact on LCOE, followed by expected annual operating hours, while the cost of carbon capture equipment is the least sensitive. (4) The cost of retrofitting CCS on clean coal-fired power plants (CCP) is currently high, with an LCOE increase of around 40 to 70%, which is comparable to that of renewable energy electricity. This paper presents policy recommendations, including preferential loans, tax incentives, and R&D funding, to promote the development of CCP in China based on the economic analysis results and challenges faced by CCP. Additionally, the paper proposes relevant policy implications such as preferential loan policies, a diversified financing system, R&D and innovation, and the establishment of a carbon trading market for CCS in China to provide practical guidance for the promotion of CCP-CCS technologies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Influence of Blending High-Calcium Additive on Environmental Safety of B, F, and Se: A Case Study from Thermodynamic Calculation.
- Author
-
Sutopo, Ulung Muhammad, Desfitri, Erda Rahmilaila, Hayakawa, Yukio, and Kambara, Shinji
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL security ,COAL-fired power plants ,CALCIUM compounds ,YTTERBIUM ,FOOD additives ,ADDITIVES - Abstract
Coal remains an important fuel for use in thermal power plants. However, coal-burning power plants produce large amounts of CFA, which contains TEs such as B, F, and Se, which are leached upon contact with water and act as potential polluters of aquifer systems and soil. To study the transformation of TEs, a thermodynamic calculation (FactSage 7.2) was used. Paper sludge ash was used as a calcium compound additive. The influence of blending a high-calcium additive on the environmental safety of TEs was investigated based on the effect of the mass addition ratio of PS ash. This study's results confirmed that the leaching processes of TEs, namely (CaO)
2 (Al2 O3 ), CaF2 , Ca10 (PO4 )F2 , and CaSeO4 (H2 O)2 , were caused by the formation of B, F, and Se compounds during the leaching process. Thus, it is clear that calcium has the greatest influence on the transformation of TEs due to their reaction, which, in turn, minimizes the effects of the TEs' release into the environment. The concentrations of TEs from the sample and addition of PS ash decreased slightly, indicating that the inhibition of TEs was enabled through the addition of PS ash. Although the PS ash YB had the highest calcium content, the PS ash YC gave the best results during the B and Se inhibition processes. The experimental observation was also evaluated for comparison. For the analysis of TEs' leaching ratios using the thermodynamic calculation and experiment, the experimental results were lower than those initially predicted. These results will help us to choose the best available control technology to minimize the effects of TEs released into the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Methods of Assessing the Efficiency of a Virtual Power Plant—Case Study.
- Author
-
Ropuszyńska-Surma, Edyta and Węglarz, Magdalena
- Subjects
INTERNAL rate of return ,POWER plants ,NET present value ,ECONOMIC efficiency ,OPERATING costs ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
In the case of new investment in RES technology, there are two issues related to efficiency assessment. The first one is how to join technical, financial and economic efficiency assessments in one. An investment feasibility study is usually conducted through a financial analysis to obtain the internal rate of return and the net present value. However, a new RES investment is typically financially unprofitable unless the environmental and social aspects are included. The second one is a lack of required financial data. The new RES investment is often innovative and neither the owner nor other entities have financial data on the operating costs and expenditure for the last periods. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed two methods of efficiency assessment. The first one is based on the avoided costs theory. Furthermore, the second one belongs to heuristic methods and is based on the experts' assessment of different kinds of parameters. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of the pilot project of VPPs using two recommended methods. This paper emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The actual technical and financial data for the period of six months from the pilot study were calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A method for detecting photovoltaic panel faults using a drone equipped with a multispectral camera.
- Author
-
Duan, Ran and Ma, Zhenling
- Subjects
PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems ,SOLAR power plants ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation ,INFRARED imaging ,SOLAR energy ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
Photovoltaic power stations utilizing solar energy, have grown in scale, resulting in an increase in operational maintenance requirements. Efficient inspection of components within these stations is crucial. However, the large area of photovoltaic power generation, coupled with a substantial number of photovoltaic panels and complex geographical environments, renders manual inspection methods highly inefficient and inadequate for modern photovoltaic power stations. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method and system for hot spot detection on photovoltaic panels using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras. The UAVs capture visible and infrared images of the photovoltaic power plant, which are then processed for photogrammetry to determine imaging position and attitude. The infrared images are stitched together using this information, forming a geographically referenced overall image. Hot spot detection is performed on the infrared images, enabling the identification of faulty photovoltaic panels and facilitating efficient inspection and maintenance. Experimental trials were conducted at a photovoltaic power station in Qingyuan, Guangdong Province China. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in accurately detecting panels with hot spot faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Sulfite removal from flue-gas desulfurization residues of coal-fired power plants: Oxidation experiments and kinetic parameters estimation
- Author
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Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo, José Luiz de Medeiros, and Igor Nunes Rodrigues
- Subjects
Arrhenius equation ,Dry-oxidation ,Magnesium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Activation energy ,Flue-gas desulfurization ,Kinetic model ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,TK1-9971 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,symbols.namesake ,General Energy ,Pilot plant ,Coal-fired power plants ,chemistry ,Sulfite ,symbols ,Environmental science ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,FGD ,Sulfur dioxide ,Flue-gas desulfurization residue - Abstract
Semi-dry flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) processes abate 99% of atmospheric emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plants at the expense of producing daily tones of solid FGD residues containing sulfites, sulfates, carbonates and hydroxides of calcium and magnesium, besides fly-ashes. In this work, a fluidized-bed reactor pilot plant was used for experiments of dry-oxidation of FGD residues aiming at converting sulfites into sulfates in order to upgrade such residues for utilization as raw material to the cement industry. A two-dimensional design of experiments on the plane of feed air temperature and reactor time-on-stream was conducted in the pilot plant generating sulfite conversion data and transient reactor temperature profiles. These data were used for estimating the first-order kinetic parameters of sulfite conversion via non-linear regression following the Maximum Likelihood Principle. The optimized Arrhenius factor and Arrhenius activation energy obtained via the Nelder–Mead Flexible Simplex method were, respectively, 0.001 mol/kg.s.bar and 14146.5 J/mol. This kinetic model allows designing large-scale plants for treatment of semi-dry FGD residues in order to beneficiate it for utilization in the cement industry, avoiding the disposal and environmental costs of landfilling such residues.
- Published
- 2021
34. Black Carbon in the Air of the Baikal Region, (Russia): Sources and Spatiotemporal Variations.
- Author
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Khodzher, Tamara V., Yausheva, Elena P., Shikhovtsev, Maxim Yu., Zhamsueva, Galina S., Zayakhanov, Alexander S., and Golobokova, Liudmila P.
- Subjects
COMPOSITION of water ,SMOKE plumes ,COAL-fired power plants ,AIR pollution ,RESEARCH vessels ,SMOKE - Abstract
In recent years, the role of the atmosphere in the formation of the chemical composition of water in Lake Baikal and its tributaries has been increasing. In this regard, the study of equivalent black carbon (eBC) in the air above the lake and its coast has an important practical application. This paper presents the results of the mass concentration of eBC and submicron aerosol in the air above the water area of Lake Baikal, which were obtained during expeditions onboard research vessels in the summer of 2019 and 2023. We analyzed the data from the coastal monitoring station Listvyanka. To measure eBC, an MDA-02 aethalometer was used in the water area of the lake, and a BAC-10 aethalometer at the Listvyanka station. The background level of the eBC concentration in the air at different areas of the lake ranged between 0.15 and 0.3 µg m
−3 . The results of the two expeditions revealed the influence of the coastal settlements and the air mass transport along the valleys of the lake's large tributaries on the five- to twentyfold growth of the eBC concentration in the near-water atmosphere. In the diurnal dynamics of eBC near settlements, we recorded high values in the evening and at night. In background areas, the diurnal dynamics were poorly manifested. In the summer of 2019, there were smoke plumes in the water area of Lake Baikal from distant wildfires and a local fire site on the east coast of the lake. The eBC concentration increased to 5–6 µg m−3 , which was 10 to 40 times higher than the background. The long-range transport of plumes from coal-fired thermal power plants in large cities of the region made the major contribution to the eBC concentration at «Listvyanka» in winter, which data on aerosol, gas impurities, and meteorological parameters confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Optimized Layout of Large-Scale Coal-Fired Power Plant CCUS Projects under Water Resource Constraints in China.
- Author
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Wang, Peng-Tao, Wang, Feiyin, and Xu, Mao
- Subjects
MUNICIPAL water supply ,CARBON sequestration ,WATER consumption ,WATER storage ,COAL-fired power plants ,WATER withdrawals - Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are an integral part of the carbon-neutral technology portfolio at the present phase. However, large-scale implementation of CCUS technologies may increase urban water consumption and raise urban water security issues. In this paper, 596 large-scale coal-fired power plants were investigated in terms of water withdrawal and water consumption. To minimize total water withdrawal and total water consumption, a source-sink matching model for CCUS projects under water resource constraints was established to optimize the layout of CCUS projects in China. The results show that there is a mismatch between the distribution of coal-fired power plants in a spatial location and water resources. The annual increase in water withdrawal of about 27.6 billion tons and water consumption of about 2.4 billion tons is needed to achieve the 2 °C target, which will aggravate the water scarcity in the north-central cities. Implementation of CO
2 -enhanced water recovery (CO2 -EWR) technology can offset some of the increase in urban water consumption owing to CCUS deployment. This study can provide data support for site selection in the large-scale deployment of CCUS technology and provide the theoretical basis for decision-makers to lay out CCUS projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Research Progress of Snowmelt Promotion and Snowmelt Monitoring Technology on Photovoltaic Modules.
- Author
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Zhu, Yongcan, Li, Kefeng, Gao, Wu, Wang, Jiawen, Xiong, Haonan, Yang, Shusen, and Huang, Xinbo
- Subjects
- *
SNOWMELT , *SNOW accumulation , *IMAGE processing , *ELECTRICAL engineers , *SNOW removal , *ELECTRIC capacity , *COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
The accumulation of snow is one of the essential reasons for the significant decrease in the power generation efficiency of PV stations in winter. For this reason, this paper firstly provides a detailed review of the current research into the physical processes and shedding reasons for the natural melting of snow on PV module surfaces. Then, several common techniques to promote snow and ice melting on PV surfaces are discussed, and the feasibility and shortcoming of ultrasonic technology in removing high‐density snow and ice are analyzed in detail. Finally, this paper proposes two snow sensing technologies for PV modules, namely, image processing method and interdigital capacitance method. Among them, the image method based on fixed camera and UAV detection is more suitable for wide area PV power stations, while the interdigital capacitance method is helpful in obtaining snow characteristic parameters, such as icing type and LWC. The relevant research has certain reference significance for PV power stations to formulate a more reasonable snow removal plan and power generation forecast. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. CAUSE ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT MEASURES FOR SUPERHEATED PLATEN TUBES FAILURE OF A 580 t/h CFB BOILER.
- Author
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Chelsi and Pamungkas, Msy Cahaya Dinda
- Subjects
SUPERHEATERS ,COAL-fired power plants ,METALLOGRAPHY ,BOILERS ,WATER consumption - Abstract
One of the most frequent causes of coal fired power plant shutdown is boiler tube leak. Superheaters are crucial components of boilers operating under high temperatures and pressures. Understanding the superheater potential damages is essential to define the rectification action needed to keep and elevate overall power plant productivity. This paper highlights the analysis of platen superheater tube failure in a 2x150 MW coal-fired power plant in South Sumatera. Various test including chemical composition, hardness, tensile, metallography, SEM fracture surface examination, and XRD compound analysis were conducted for investigation purposed. The failure was initiated by the plugging of the tube elbow due to deposits and ashes adhering to the tube's interior. This obstruction prevented saturated steam flow inside the tube, leading to overheating and a subsequent drop in mechanical strength. Overheating was confirmed by the presence of spheroid particles in the ferrite matrix. Prolonged overheating resulted in the formation of microvoids, leading to creep failure and crack formation in the tube. The improvements made by adding refractory material give positive results. The platen superheater tubes which previously exceeded temperature limits, currently operate within normal range temperatures, reduced spray water consumption 6-10 tons/day, and significantly increased boiler efficiency from 83.19% to 83.54%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Economic Impacts of Decarbonization in Power Sector from the Perspective of Carbon Neutrality: A Case Study of Shanxi Province.
- Author
-
Yalong Han and Toshihiko Masui
- Subjects
CARBON offsetting ,COAL-fired power plants ,GROSS domestic product ,ECONOMIC equilibrium ,ECONOMIC impact analysis - Abstract
China's 2060 carbon neutrality target requires coal-fired power generation and coal consumption to shrink dramatically, or to introduce carbon capture, storage and utilization technologies (CCUS). In the provinces which produce a lot of coal and export it to other regions such as Shanxi Province, there are many severe challenges to achieve carbon neutrality goal. This paper constructs a provincial level Computable General Equilibrium Model for Shanxi Province to estimate the impacts on economy based on different decarbonization scenarios in power sector. Through comparison among the quantified scenarios, a sustainable pathway to coal phasing-out is also discussed in this research. The results indicate that in the simple phasing-out of coal thermal power scenario and single deployment of CCUS technology scenario, it will be a shock to GDP due to its coal-reliance economy. In the scenario which utilizes CCUS technologies and coal phasing out in the future, it proves that CCUS will mitigate economic impacts from 2025 to 2050. So, instead of coal phasing out, a sustainable pathway with accelerating change to thermal coal with CCUS is discussed in this research. It found that in this scenario, Shanxi province can keep a lower carbon intensity with a lowest carbon reduction cost of 3.62 k RMB/t. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A systematic literature review on machine learning applications at coal-fired thermal power plants for improved energy efficiency.
- Author
-
Bisset, C., Venter, P. V. Z., and Coetzer, R.
- Subjects
COAL-fired power plants ,MACHINE learning ,ENERGY consumption ,THERMAL coal ,CLEAN energy ,POWER resources - Abstract
Power generation comprises high environmental and ecological impacts. The global power industry is under pressure to develop more efficient ways to operate and reduce the impacts of inherent process variability. With the rapid development of technologies within the energy sector, large volumes of data are available due to in-time operational measurements. With increased computer processing capabilities, machine learning is applied to explore these in-time operational measurements for improved process understanding. This research paper investigates machine learning algorithms for energy efficiency improvement at coal-fired thermal power plants by conducting a systematic literature review. This research is essential since it provides guidelines for applying machine learning towards sustainable energy supply and improved decision-making. Subsequently, efficient processes result in the reduction of fuel usage, which results in lower emission levels for equivalent power generation capacity. Furthermore, this study contributes towards future research by providing valuable insights from academic and industry-related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Research on the crisis propagation in the global coal trade under the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
- Author
-
Huang, Hui, Zhao, Jingying, Liu, Haibin, Ren, Shuai, Liu, Meng, Liu, Haiping, An, Feng, Guo, Yanlei, and An, Haizhong
- Subjects
RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- ,RUSSIA-Ukraine Conflict, 2014- ,COAL industry ,NATURAL gas reserves ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,COAL-fired power plants ,POWER plants - Abstract
The outbreak of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict exacerbated the natural gas supply shortage in European countries. European countries restarted coal-fired power plants to maintain economic and social operations. The uneven distribution of coal resources in the world makes coal international trade inevitable. The intricate trade relations between trading countries have formed a coal trade network. When a country's coal exports are limited due to geopolitical factors, it will cause coal supply risks. The risk will spread to more countries along the trade network, eventually leading to the collapse of the trade network. This paper builds a crisis propagation model of the coal supply under the Russia-Ukraine conflict using the cascading failure model. The results showed that the Czech Republic, Ireland, Portugal, and Bulgaria become abnormal as the proportion of coal exports β increases. When the Russian Federation reduced its coal exports by 80% and countries maintained only 10% coal exports against crisis, 23 European countries were the worst. Iceland, Ireland, Turkey and other countries were spread by the indirect risk and became abnormal countries. The Czech Republic and Bulgaria were spread by multiple risk and became abnormal countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Hybrid Game Trading Mechanism for Virtual Power Plant Based on Main-Side Consortium Blockchains.
- Author
-
Yu, Zhiwen, Qiu, Zhaoming, Cai, Ying, Tao, Weijian, Ai, Qian, and Wang, Di
- Subjects
CLEAN energy ,ENERGY industries ,BLOCKCHAINS ,ENERGY development ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,COAL-fired power plants ,POWER plants - Abstract
With the rapid development and technological innovation in the energy market, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, as a decentralised and efficient trading model, has been widely studied and practically applied. However, in P2P energy transactions involving multiple prosumers, there are challenges such as information asymmetry, trust issues, and transaction transparency. To address these challenges, blockchain technology, as a distributed ledger technology, provides solutions. In this paper, we propose a blockchain technology-based prosumer–virtual power plant (VPP) two-tier interactive energy management framework to assist P2P energy transactions between multiple prosumers. In this framework, the virtual power plant acts as a leader and sets differentiated tariffs for different prosumers to equal the distribution of social welfare. The various prosumers act as followers and respond to the leader's decisions in a cooperative manner. Blockchain's immutability and transparency enable prosumers to participate in P2P energy trading with greater trust, share idle energy, and share revenues based on contribution. In addition, given the uncertainty of renewable energy, this paper employs a stochastic planning approach with conditional value at risk (CVaR) to describe the expected loss of VPP. Ultimately, as verified by the arithmetic simulation, the blockchain co-governance transaction model effectively supports energy coordination and optimization of complementarities while ensuring the utility of each transaction node. This model promotes the application of renewable energy in local consumption, while facilitating the innovation and sustainable development of the energy market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Dynamic Equivalent Modeling of a Large Renewable Power Plant Using a Data-Driven Degree of Similarity Method.
- Author
-
Liao, Mengjun, Zhu, Lin, Hu, Yonghao, Liu, Yang, Wu, Yue, and Chen, Leke
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,POWER plants ,DYNAMIC models ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
This paper aims to develop a novel method for the dynamic equivalence of a renewable power plant, ultimately contributing to power system modeling and enhancing the integration of renewable energy sources. In order to address the challenge posed by clusters of renewable generation units during the equivalence process, the paper introduces the degree of similarity to assess similarity features under data. After leveraging the degree of similarity in conjunction with data-driven techniques, the proposed method efficiently entails dividing numerous units in a large-scale plant into distinct clusters. Additionally, the paper adopts practical algorithms to determine the parameters for each aggregated cluster and streamline the intricate collector network within the renewable power plant. The equivalent model of a renewable power plant is thereby conclusively derived. Comprehensive case studies are conducted within a practical offshore wind plant setting. These case studies are accompanied by simulations, highlighting the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method, offering an accurate representation of the renewable power plant under diverse operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A Data-Driven Method to Monitor Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Coal-Fired Power Plants.
- Author
-
Zhou, Shangli, He, Hengjing, Zhang, Leping, Zhao, Wei, and Wang, Fei
- Subjects
CARBON emissions ,COAL-fired power plants ,CONTINUOUS emission monitoring ,DEEP learning ,MANUFACTURING processes ,MILLENNIALS - Abstract
Reducing CO 2 emissions from coal-fired power plants is an urgent global issue. Effective and precise monitoring of CO 2 emissions is a prerequisite for optimizing electricity production processes and achieving such reductions. To obtain the high temporal resolution emissions status of power plants, a lot of research has been done. Currently, typical solutions are utilizing Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) to measure CO 2 emissions. However, these methods are too expensive and complicated because they require the installation of a large number of devices and require periodic maintenance to obtain accurate measurements. According to this limitation, this paper attempts to provide a novel data-driven method using net power generation to achieve near-real-time monitoring. First, we study the key elements of CO 2 emissions from coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) in depth and design a regression and physical variable model-based emission simulator. We then present Emission Estimation Network (EEN), a heterogeneous network-based deep learning model, to estimate CO 2 emissions from CFPPs in near-real-time. We use artificial data generated by the simulator to train it and apply a few real-world datasets to complete the adaptation. The experimental results show that our proposal is a competitive approach that not only has accurate measurements but is also easy to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Exploring Effective Chemical Indicators for Petrochemical Emissions with Network Measurements Coupled with Model Simulations.
- Author
-
Tong, Yu-Huei, Hung, Pei-Yu, Su, Yuan-Chang, Chang, Julius S., and Wang, Jia-Lin
- Subjects
- *
VOLATILE organic compounds , *INDICATORS & test-papers , *PETROLEUM chemicals , *PROPENE , *COAL-fired power plants , *AIR quality - Abstract
A large petrochemical complex, dubbed Petro–complex, situated in a rather rural region of Taiwan, was used as a test bed to detect emissions from the Petro–complex to its surroundings. Hourly observations of speciated non–methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) by the photochemical assessment monitoring stations (PAMSs), as well as the total amounts of NMHCs, SO2, and NOx provided by the air quality stations (AQSs), were utilized to find useful petro–emission indication methods. The analytical aspect of NMHCs either as a speciated form or as total amounts was demonstrated through field comparison to illustrate data quality. Using ethyne to offset traffic influence, the ratios of ethene to ethyne (acetylene) (E/A) and propene to ethyne (P/A) were proven to be effective indicators of petro–emissions owing to pronounced emissions of ethene and propene, revealed as tall spikes in PAMS measurements. SO2 and NOx were also explored as petro–emission indicators mainly for stack sources. By coordinating with three–dimensional modeling, SO2 from petro–emissions could be distinguished from other prominent sources, such as coal–fired power plants. An attempt was also made to use SO2 and NOx as indicators of broader petro–emissions with stringent criteria to minimize traffic interference and increase specificity. Similar findings were observed with the three indicators, that is, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ratios, SO2 and NOx, to identify the southwest area of the Petro–region as the most affected area, as represented by Taisi station (F2). The percent affected time of a year at F2 was 10%–14%, owing to the dominant wind field of northeast monsoonal (NEM) in the region, as compared with other sites in the east and north of 1–5%. Using VOC ratios as petro–emission indicators is more effective than using other gases, owing to the compositional advantage to minimize traffic interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Study on Conventional Island Retrofit Strategies for Converting Coal-Fired Power Plants to Nuclear Power Stations in China.
- Author
-
Luo, Bixiong, Zhang, Li, Li, Wei, Zhu, Xinwei, Ye, Yongjian, and Su, Yanlin
- Subjects
COAL-fired power plants ,NUCLEAR power plants ,NUCLEAR reactors ,RETROFITTING ,NUCLEAR energy ,ISLANDS - Abstract
The conversion of coal-fired power plants to nuclear power stations is a potential method for decarbonizing coal power and offers a pathway for low-carbon development in China's power industry. This paper focuses on retrofitting China's coastal coal-fired power stations and compares the potential nuclear reactor technologies for the retrofit: China's mainstream pressurized water reactor and the commercially operated fourth-generation high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). The analysis compares the degree of matching between the two technologies and coal-fired power stations in terms of unit capacity, thermal system parameters, unit speed, structural dimensions, and weight, which significantly impact the retrofit scheme. The results indicate that HTGR is more compatible with coal-fired power plants and is recommended as the type of nuclear reactor technology to be retrofitted. The study selected the 210 MWe High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (HTR-PM) as the reactor technology for retrofitting a typical 300 MW class subcritical coal-fired unit. Based on the concept of subcritical parameters upgrading, the potential analysis and strategy study of retrofit is carried out in terms of the turbine, the main heat exchange equipment, the main pumps, and the main thermal system pipelines in the conventional island. The results indicate that the conventional island of the HTR-PM nuclear power plant has significant potential for retrofitting, which can be a crucial research direction for nuclear retrofitting of coal-fired power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Gas flaring: technicalities, challenges, and the economic potentials.
- Author
-
OMOBOLANLE, Oluwasegun Cornelious and IKIENSIKIMAMA, Sunday Sunday
- Subjects
ENERGY security ,PLANT diversity ,CLIMATE change ,COAL-fired power plants ,CARBON emissions ,BIOMASS liquefaction - Abstract
Gas flaring has been identified as a major contributor to global warming and climate change. It is used either as a safety measure or as a means of disposal for technical or economic reasons. Over 250 toxins have been directly/indirectly associated with gas flaring and its associated emissions. Most of these toxins have been known to have significant inimical impacts on humans' health, plant biodiversity, and the environment. With the recent rise in global energy insecurity, several EU countries have either returned to coal power generation or extended the lifetime of their coal-fired plants thereby increasing anthropogenic carbon emissions. This increase in carbon emission has necessitated the re-evaluate of gas flare practices vis-à-vis the environmental challenges and the financial potentials. This paper presents a holistic review of gas flaring, its types, composition, systems design, estimation methods, social and environmental challenges, the abatement measures, and the re-utilization strategies. It identified the potential to save a minimum of US$10.4 billion globally if more stringent gas flare abatement measures were pursued. Furthermore, the paper highlights the recent trends in flare gas re-utilization technologies such as the production of bioproducts which has been reported to hold a potential for an annual production of about 148 million bbl of biocrude and 67 million metrics of algae protein from 140 bcm of globally flared gas. Finally, it explored the possible way forward and stringent measures that can be pursued to disincentivize gas flare and also increase investments in gas processing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. 电厂燃煤飞灰固化脱硫污泥重金属铅特性研究.
- Author
-
张宏伟, 张永生, 汪涛, and 王家伟
- Abstract
Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Early Age Assessment of a New Course of Irish Fly Ash as a Cement Replacement.
- Author
-
Shaji, Nikki, Holmes, Niall, and Tyrer, Mark
- Subjects
FLY ash ,COAL-fired power plants ,CONCRETE durability ,X-ray diffraction - Abstract
This paper explores the potential of a new source of fly ash, deposited on the site of a coal-fired power plant in Ireland dating from 1985 to 1995, as a cement replacement material. A series of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses on binder samples with cement replacement levels of 0, 10, 25 and 35% was undertaken to determine the fly ash's mineralogical composition and to determine its suitability as a supplemental cementitious material (SCM). The XRD results reveal a unique mineral composition with promising characteristics for enhancing the strength and durability of concrete. The experimental results were used to calibrate a thermodynamic model to predict changing phase assemblage and hydration behaviour over time and per replacement level. Thermodynamic models have been shown to give credible predictions of the long-term performance of cements, including SCMs. The initial experimental results' thermodynamic modelling demonstrates the feasibility of this fly ash source as a sustainable alternative to traditional cement, paving the way for more eco-friendly construction. Ash deposits dating from 1995 to 2005 and from 2005 to the present will be presented in subsequent publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Energy efficiency as a driver of the circular economy and carbon neutrality in selected countries of Southern Europe: a soft computing approach.
- Author
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Ramčilović Jesih, Alma, Šimić, Goran, Konatar, Ljubiša, Brljak, Zoran, and Šprajc, Polona
- Subjects
CIRCULAR economy ,ENERGY consumption ,SOFT computing ,CARBON offsetting ,COAL-fired power plants ,EUROPEAN Union membership - Abstract
Background: The main goal of the paper is to define the level of energy efficiency in the economies of selected countries in the Balkan region that have opted for the EU Green Deal, a circular economy, and a transition to carbon neutrality. Energy efficiency, as a determinant of carbon neutrality, was selected as an indicator for analysis because it records particularly unfavorable indicators in the region under observation. The research was carried out on a sample of seven Balkan countries and their surrounding areas. An initial qualitative analysis was followed by a quantitative analysis based on a combination of statistical methods and soft computing. Six indicators were selected for the analysis covering a period of 30 years (1990–2020). Results: A significant obstacle to the green transition and the region's transition to a circular economy and carbon neutrality is energy efficiency and energy related pollution—the reliance of most countries on coal-fired thermal power plants for electricity generation. The research results showed the following: (a) the degree of economic development and membership in the European Union are not significantly related to the level of energy efficiency; (b) most of the sampled countries are in the initial stages of introducing activities to achieve carbon neutrality; and (c) only Slovenia has documented consistent indicators and evident advancements in its efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. Based on the research findings, proposals for improvements were made in the direction of policymaking and in a methodological sense. Conclusions: The implementation of circularity and carbon neutrality as a long-term goal of the European Union is not necessarily related to the level of economic development, nor can its trajectory be exclusively ascertained by means of data processing and monitoring. A more precise understanding of a carbon-neutral future can be achieved through the incorporation of qualitative data to a greater extent, a realistic evaluation of historical facts and their repercussions, as well as projections of the effects that reality and global developments after 2022 will have on each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A Critical Analysis of Morocco's Green Hydrogen Roadmap: A Modelling Approach to Assess Country Readiness from the Energy Trilemma Perspective.
- Author
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Caillard, Amandine, Yeganyan, Rudolf, Cannone, Carla, Plazas-Niño, Fernando, and Howells, Mark
- Subjects
GREEN fuels ,CRITICAL analysis ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ELECTRIC power production ,PREPAREDNESS ,COAL-fired power plants - Abstract
Morocco, despite its heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels, which made up 68% of electricity generation in 2020, has recognised its significant renewable energy potential. The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commitment is to reduce emissions by 45.5% from baseline levels with international assistance and abstain from constructing new coal plants. Moreover, the Green Hydrogen Roadmap aims to export 10 TWh of green hydrogen by 2030, as well as use it for local electricity storage. This paper critically analyses this Roadmap and Morocco's readiness to reach its ambitious targets, focusing specifically on an energy trilemma perspective and using OSeMOSYS (Open-Source energy Modelling System) for energy modelling. The results reveal that the NDC scenario is only marginally more expensive than the least-cost scenario, at around 1.3% (approximately USD 375 million), and facilitates a 23.32% emission reduction by 2050. An important note is the continued reliance on existing coal power plants across all scenarios, which challenges both energy security and emissions. The assessment of the Green Hydrogen Scenarios highlights that it could be too costly for the Moroccan government to fund the Green Hydrogen Roadmap at this scale, which leads to increased imports of polluting fossil fuels for cost reduction. In fact, the emission levels are 39% higher in the green hydrogen exports scenario than in the least-cost scenario. Given these findings, it is recommended that the Green Hydrogen Roadmap be re-evaluated, with a suggestion for a postponement and reduction in scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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