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This study focused on the assessment of the Taekwondo training program in the division Alaminos City for the School Year 2022-2023. It used a descriptive research design. The total respondents consist of ninety-six (96) taekwondo athletes from Public and Private Secondary Schools in the School Division of Alaminos City with four yearsexperience as a taekwondo athlete. The study found out that in the status of taekwondo training program, the athletes are moderately satisfied with their training on basic movements (kibondongjak), and sparring (kyorugi); and very satisfied with their training on form (poomsae). For the effect of the implementation of taekwondo training program, the athletes found the training on physical fitness, mental health, and emotional development to be effective. In the level of satisfaction in the implementation of taekwondo training program, the athletes are very highly satisfied with their pre-training and training proper; while they are very highly satisfied with their post training. And, with the challenges encountered by the athletes in the taekwondo training program, the athletes have a high encounter. The study recommends that in the status of taekwondo training program, there should be a review and revision to be made to suit the training needs of the athletes particularly on basic movements (kibondongjak), and sparring (kyorugi) since they found it moderately satisfying. Likewise, in the implementation of taekwondo training program, the sports officials, coaches and trainers should focus more on the training of athletes particularly on physical fitness, mental health, and emotional development. Also, in the level of satisfaction in the implementation of taekwondo training program, sports officials, coaches and trainers should strengthen the pre-training and proper training activities of the athletes. Further, on the challenges encountered by the athletes, the SDO personnel concern, coaches and trainers should always attend to the needs of the athletes to enhance their performance and be always on guard of their welfare. Finally, an innovative training design is being proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstrual function is an integral component of the overall health and well-being of cyclically menstruating athletes, impacted by and affecting their participation in sport and athletic training. This review used the coach–athlete relationship to examine the sport environment for factors that facilitate or hinder healthy sport participation for cyclically menstruating athletes with respect to their menstrual cycles. Four databases were searched until June 30, 2023, for studies that explored the experiences, perceptions and knowledge related to the menstrual cycle among athletes training under a coach and coaches of cyclically menstruating athletes. The search produced 2511 studies, which, following screening for relevance and eligibility, resulted in 34 studies of moderate-to-high quality. Thematic synthesis and integration of qualitative and quantitative data from 7558 athletes and coaches from elite to amateur level uncovered 4 main themes pertaining to the coach–athlete relationship and the menstrual cycle that constituted barriers (menstruation taboo, lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of communication among stakeholders) and facilitators (presence of female coaches, positive experiences of communicating about the menstrual cycle, and trust) to healthy sport participation. A final theme summarised the needs of athletes and coaches related to the menstrual cycle. Greater education, representation of females in sporting roles, and improved collaboration among the various stakeholders emerged as the primary factors for driving a culture-shift in the sporting environment, in order to abolish the taboo against menstruation and promote healthy sport participation for cyclically menstruating athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Boxing, a globally popular combat sport, demands technical precision and powerful strikes at the same time. The kinetic assessment of straight punches, specifically the rear cross and lead jab, is crucial for understanding the biomechanical factors influencing punch effectiveness. This study aims to explore the kinetic properties of these punches in trained boxers, focusing on punch force, acceleration, and the concept of a proximal-to-distal pattern. Methods: Thirteen advanced-level male boxers (body weight 90.6 ± 19.2 kg, height 184.0 ± 7.4 cm, experience 9.5 ± 6.5 y) from local clubs participated in this study. Using a force plate and wireless IMU sensors, we recorded punch force and limb acceleration during the execution of rear-cross and lead-jab punches. Data analysis involved statistical tests to compare the kinetic differences (Mann–Whitney U-test) between the two punch types and assessment of the influence of body mass and training tenure on punch effectiveness (multiple regression analysis). Significant differences were observed between the rear cross and lead jab in terms of total ground reaction force ( x ¯ = 1709.28 N vs. x ¯ = 1176.55 N), acceleration of the fist ( x ¯ = 94.33 m/s2 vs. x ¯ = 66.07 m/s2), forearm ( x ¯ = 67.11 m/s2 vs. x ¯ = 41.62 m/s2) and arm ( x ¯ = 88.40 m/s2 vs. x ¯ = 81.36 m/s2), and target contact time ( x ¯ = 0.03 s vs. 0.02 s). The rear-cross punch exhibited higher kinetic values, indicating greater effectiveness. Additionally, body mass and training tenure were identified as significant factors influencing punch force (R2 score = 0.640). Conclusions: This study confirmed the biomechanical superiority of the rear cross over the lead jab in terms of generated force among trained boxers. The findings highlight the importance of coordination between each segment's acceleration to generate a powerful strike. These insights are valuable for coaches and athletes in optimizing training strategies for boxing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure training (PT) strategically increases pressure in training to prepare athletes to perform under pressure. Although research has studied how to create pressure during training, PT's effectiveness may depend on more than creating pressure. A practitioner's delivery of sport psychology interventions can moderate their effectiveness, so the current study explored perspectives of sport psychologists and athletes on the characteristics of effective PT delivery in applied settings. Eight international-level athletes and eight sport psychologists participated in semistructured qualitative interviews in which they described their experience participating in or conducting PT, respectively. Thematic analysis produced four themes relating to effective delivery: (a) collaboration with athletes and coaches: "with," not "to"; (b) integration into training; (c) upfront transparency; and (d) promoting learning before and after PT. The themes provide guidance for planning, conducting, and following up on PT sessions in applied settings. The best practices discussed could increase athletes' receptiveness to PT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of aerobics competition, it is necessary to evaluate the training and performance of athletes and coaches with real-time data. However, traditional data recording methods have some limitations, such as relying on manual recording or being limited by the number and location of sensors. The research aims to use light sensors and machine learning techniques to develop an application that can detect, record and simulate aerobics competition data in real time. The movement trajectory and posture information of athletes are captured by light sensors, and the data is analyzed and simulated with the help of machine learning algorithms to provide more accurate and comprehensive competition data. The light sensor can accurately detect the posture and movement of the human body, and transmit the data to the computer through the data transmission module. The sensor data is processed and analyzed using machine learning algorithms, which are trained to recognize specific movements and postures and compare them to preset criteria. The results show that athletes and coaches can obtain real-time competition data through the application, and analyze and feedback to improve the accuracy of training effect and performance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure training (PT) strategically increases pressure during training to improve athletes' abilities to cope with pressure in competition. Although evidence suggests that PT can improve performance under pressure, implementation of PT can be challenging in applied settings. The purpose of this article is to guide sport psychology practitioners and coaches in conducting PT at both elite and lower levels of sport. We first outline basics of PT, including who will benefit from the intervention and when to conduct it. We also clarify the purpose of PT and distinguish it from other forms of coaching that may seem similar. The next section includes steps for conducting PT effectively. Based on research and applied practice, these recommendations address how to create pressure and how to establish training environments that are conducive to PT. Each recommendation describes a principle that can guide practitioners and coaches as they tailor PT to specific sports and levels of competition. We argue that the use of negative consequences, an existing or "baseline" level of pressure, and involvement of coaches are key ingredients for conducting PT that promotes athletes' development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a compilation of research articles in the field of psychology and sports. The articles cover various topics such as the effects of natural environments on self-control, the impact of auditory rhythm on motor timing, and the use of innovative technologies in athlete training. Other articles explore the relationship between sports motivation and physical self-conception in female adolescents, the effects of yoga on relaxation and serving accuracy in volleyball players, and the role of effort and motivation in adolescent athletes. Additionally, the document discusses the risk-taking behavior of rock climbers and the effects of acute training on executive function in college students. The articles provide valuable insights and practical implications for athletes and coaches. Another study in the document focuses on the relationship between coaching styles and athlete perceptions. Male and female student athletes emphasized the importance of the coaching relationship and provided insights into favorable and unfavorable coaching styles. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the emotional aspects of athletics and the impact of coaching on athletes. The article also highlights the significance of different coaching styles, with favorable styles being caring, constructive, and knowledgeable, while unfavorable styles are characterized by coaches who are perceived as not caring, degrading, and negative. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of understanding the coach-athlete relationship and the implications of different coaching styles. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents the performance factors identified by Olympic athletes and analyzes how they were prioritized and implemented during the 2012–2016 Olympiad. To address this issue, 28 semistructured interviews were conducted with French athletes who participated in the Olympic Games in 2016. The analysis shows that to achieve performance, only two factors were implemented by all the athletes: training and physical preparation. The other factors, namely, mental preparation, nutrition, and recovery care, were not implemented by all athletes. In addition, two main types of configurations have been identified: a minority of athletes (n = 4) for whom the choice of performance factors and their implementation are controlled by the coach and a majority (n = 24) who adopts secondary adjustments by relying on a parallel network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to determine if stress and anxiety reduction techniques may enhance sports performance. We will do a complete assessment of earlier research on mindfulness training and sporting performance to answer this issue. This research study is based on primary data to determine whether the research study used smart PLS Software and generated informative results. The research examines how mindfulness affects stress, anxiety and attention and how these elements affect athletic performance. We will also examine how stress and anxiety affect athletes' performance and how mindfulness training may help athletes better control these emotions. Our ultimate objective is to offer insightful analysis and suggestions to coaches and athletes who want to improve their performance via mindfulness training. Overall result found that mindfulness training has the potential to significantly impact players' physical, mental, and athletic performance. To assure widespread acceptance and success, more study is required to examine the obstacles to introducing mindfulness training in sports teams and how these obstacles might be removed. Athletes and coaches can enhance performance by integrating mindfulness training and gaining insightful information about an athlete's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based in ethnographic fieldwork among high-performance speed skaters, this paper considers some of the structures and experiences of athlete development and training. As a racing sport, fast times in speed skating matter. Yet time is not simply quantified. It is also felt in various ways. There are qualities to time. Time is taken into the body and expended from the body. Inspired by Nancy Munn's contributions to temporalization, I explore time's embodiment, its strategic use, and the moral evaluations of time within speed skating. I further consider how potential underpins various temporal engagements and enactments, including the sequence of athlete development, cycles and rhythms of training and the experience of tapering prior to competition. Both time and potential, I argue, are sensed in the broadest meaning of that term. Lastly, I consider how the timely management of potential demands faith, suggesting that athletes and coaches have much in common with speculators in financial markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to assess the countermovement jump (CMJ) using a developed instrument encompassing an off-the-shelf Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in order to analyze performance during the contraction phase, as well as to determine the jump height and the modified reactive strength index (RSImod), using force plate (FP) data as reference. Eight athletes (six males and two females) performed CMJs with the IMU placed on their fifth lumbar vertebra. Accuracy was measured through mean error (standard deviation), correlation, and comparison tests. The results indicated high accuracy, high correlation (r), and no statistical differences between the IMU and the FP for contraction time (r = 0.902; ρ < 0.001), negative impulse phase time (r = 0.773; ρ < 0.001), flight time (r = 0.737; ρ < 0.001), jump time (r = 0.708; ρ < 0.001), RSImod (r = 0.725; ρ < 0.001), nor minimum force (r = 0.758; ρ < 0.001). However, the values related to the positive impulse phase did not have the expected accuracy, as we used different devices and positions. Our results demonstrated that our developed instrument could be utilized to identify the contraction phase, jump height, RSImod, and minimum force in the negative impulse phase with high accuracy, obtaining a signal similar to that of an FP. This information can help coaches and athletes with training monitoring and control, as the device has simpler applicability making it more systematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whip leg technique is an indispensable offensive action for high-level Sanda athletes in the competition. In order to improve the effective guidance of the action of Wushu Sanda whip leg, based on wavelet transform, the three-dimensional image analysis of Sanda whip leg technical action characteristics, to explore the movement speed of each link of the attacking leg, the contraction form, and force sequence of major muscles or muscle groups and put forward correct and reasonable movement techniques, is expected to provide theoretical basis and reference for coaches and athletes in the training of Sanda whip leg movement. Based on this, this paper attempts to use the three-dimensional image analysis system and surface electromyography acquisition system from the perspective of wavelet transform to collect the speed of the attacking leg movement and the parameters related to muscle discharge and to quantitatively analyze and evaluate its movements. The sequence of activities of the whip leg strike is hip joint-knee joint-hip joint-knee joint-ankle joint. It is suggested to strictly follow the principle of link movement in practice, and the completion of the whole movement should be relaxed and natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the impact of pedagogical means of working capacity restoration on students’ results in exercises of a cyclic nature. Materials and Methods: Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical observation, questionnaire, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. 58 students engaged in kettlebell lifting took part in the pedagogical experiment (28 students formed the experimental group, 30 – the control group). 123 coaches and 139 athletes who specialized in cyclic kinds of sports were involved in the survey. Results: It was found out that pedagogical means of restoration and improvement of working capacity are the main ones in the process of training athletes in cyclic kinds of sports. It was determined that with the growth of the athletes’ qualifications, the level of their knowledge and skills regarding the use of pedagogical means of restoration during the training process increases. It was established that the students of the experimental group achieved significantly better results in competitive exercises. Conclusions: Scientifically based, purposeful and constant use of pedagogical means of restoration and improvement of working capacity both in the training process and beyond the educational and training process is a mandatory condition for improving competitive results in cyclic kinds of sports and is a good basis for maintaining high working capacity of student-athletes and preserving their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In different kinds of sports, the balance control ability plays an important role for every athlete. Therefore, coaches and athletes need accurate and efficient assessments of the balance control ability to improve the athletes' training performance scientifically. With the fast growth of sport technology and training devices, intelligent and automatic assessment methods have been in high demand in the past years. This paper proposes a deep-learning-based method for a balance control ability assessment involving an analysis of the time-series signals from the athletes. The proposed method directly processes the raw data and provides the assessment results, with an end-to-end structure. This straight-forward structure facilitates its practical application. A deep learning model is employed to explore the target features with a multi-headed self-attention mechanism, which is a new approach to sports assessments. In the experiments, the real athletes' balance control ability assessment data are utilized for the validation of the proposed method. Through comparisons with different existing methods, the accuracy rate of the proposed method is shown to be more than 95% for all four tasks, which is higher than the other compared methods for tasks containing more than one athlete of each level. The results show that the proposed method works effectively and efficiently in real scenarios for athlete balance control ability evaluations. However, reducing the proposed method's calculation costs is an important task for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. This paper brings to the fore appropriate ways to initiate psychological skills that can determine in a relatively short time the transition from the age of initiation in athletics to novice athletes through theoretical knowledge at a higher level of practicing a sport. of performance. The various techniques that can be incorporated in the activity of a high-performance coach that makes distinct reference to the activity of a high-performance coaching can represent role models in this part of sports psychology that can be successfully applied to novice athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper constructs a sports action recognition model based on deep learning (DL) and clustering extraction algorithm. For the input detection image frame, athletes' movements are detected through DL network, and then athletes' sports movements are fused. Moreover, it expands new knowledge and improves learning ability through automatic learning training set. The neural network (NN) is applied to the sample set containing images of nonathletes, and the negative training sample set is iteratively enhanced according to the generated false positives, and the results are optimized by clustering method. Simulation experiments show that compared with other algorithms, the clustering extraction algorithm in this paper has achieved superior performance in recognition rate and false alarm rate, and the recognition speed is faster. The aim is to extract the athletes' training postures through the analysis of sports movements, so as to assist coaches to train athletes more professionally and provide some reference for sports movement recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Race walking is one of the key events in the Tokyo Olympic Games, and also one of the strengths of China in athletics events. In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in various race-walking competitions. However, with the improvement of the performance of race walkers, more and more technical problems have emerged, and the number of fouls due to nonstandard movements has increased significantly. It is a pity that athletes are disqualified for technical fouls in long-distance race-walking competitions. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce scientific training methods to help coaches strictly monitor the training process of athletes and accurately detect their standard degree of action in real-time. This paper mainly proposes a novel mechanism for foul recognition in race walking based on deep learning. Firstly, the image frames in the video are preprocessed by the Yolo algorithm to obtain the athletes' separated images. The U-Net network mixed with the attention mechanism is used to detect the athletes' actions to identify fouls and nonstandard actions, so as to assist the coach to identify the athletes' nonstandard actions in training and adjust them in time. Experiments show that the above method can identify the foul actions and nonstandard actions of multiple athletes in training at the same time quickly, and the recognition accuracy is higher than human eyes. It is more conducive to assist the coach to monitor and standardize the athletes' actions in the long-term training process, so as to reduce the error rate and improve the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In judo combat, the grip (kumi-kata) helps to control and to dominate the opponent, and per the current rules is a prerequisite to executing a throwing technique. In this scoping review, articles and reviews published in scientific journals in English were searched in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases from inception until December 2020. The studies were classified into technical-tactical or time-motion analyses, grip or grip attempts, grip locations on uke's (athlete receiving the attack) judogi (judo uniform) or hands that performed the grips, and one or two hands holding. Articles evaluating the physical and physiological capacities of grip dispute were excluded. From 286 articles identified, 41 were included in the final selection. Two reviewers screened the records independently for eligibility. One reviewer extracted all data and the other reviewed the data for accuracy. The main results showed that: i) more experienced athletes hold the judogi for less time before attacking and focus their vision on the face and collar; ii) male athletes, especially heavy ones, hold longer in the judogi and use more defensive grips (collar and collar); iii) the most used grip was collar and sleeve; iv) the most used position was kenka-yotsu (opposite sides). The result of this scoping review may assist coaches and athletes to develop training strategies according to the athletes' technical-tactical objectives, as well as future investigations that can be conducted related to grip dispute in judo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sports injuries will have an impact on the consistency and systemicity of the training process, as well as athlete training and performance improvement. Many talented athletes have had their careers cut short due to sports injuries. Preventing sports injuries is the best way for basketball players to reduce sports injuries. Many coaches and athletes on sports teams, on the other hand, are unaware of the importance of sports injury prevention. They only realize that the body's sports functions are abnormal when it suffers from sports injuries. As a result, this paper proposes a gray theory neural network-based athlete injury prediction model. First, from the standpoint of a single model, the improved unequal interval model is used to predict sports injury by optimizing the unequal interval model in gray theory. The findings show that it is a good predictor of sports injuries, but it is a poor predictor of the average number of injuries. Following that, in order to overcome the shortcomings of a single model, a gray neural network combination model was used. A combination model of the unequal time interval model and BP neural network was determined and established. The prediction effect is significantly improved by combining the gray neural network mapping model and the coupling model to predict the two characteristics of sports injuries. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed method is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current study examined how two high-level coaches in fencing and football perceived the challenges that emerged during a three-month coach education programme aimed at them delivering psychological skills training to athletes. We used action research as the study design and collected data using observations, six semi-structured interviews, and one focus group. We analysed the data using a thematic content analysis. Our findings showed that the coaches struggled with role clarity. The psychological impact was that coaches struggled with identifying the borders between delivering psychological skills training as a part of their coaching and when to refer athletes to sport psychology experts. The coaches also suggested that gaining more knowledge in sport psychology allowed them to analyse the athletes. However, the coaches viewed this as a potential area for abusing trust in the coach-athlete relationship. We suggest that coach education programmes should include content on ethical dilemmas to safeguard against potential abuse of the coach-athlete relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of humanistic coach training on athletes' developmental outcomes. A sample of 148 high school student-athletes between 12 and 17 years old from low socio-economic communities completed questionnaires during their season. The student-athletes were divided into an experimental group composed of student-athletes of 11 head coaches who participated in a humanistic coach training session, and a comparison group composed of student-athletes of 8 untrained coaches. Four questionnaires were used to assess competence, confidence, connection to the coach, and character (prosocial and antisocial behaviours) of the participants. The effects of the humanistic coach training program were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance models. Results showed that connection to the coach worsened for athletes of untrained coaches. Also, participants from both groups reported an increase in antisocial behaviours at the end of the season, but the athletes of trained coaches reported engaging less frequently in antisocial behaviours compared to athletes of untrained coaches. These findings suggest that teaching humanistic coaching may help practitioners foster positive developmental outcomes in youth sport participants and build positive coach-athlete relationships, while also raising awareness to the use of sport as a tool to promote personal growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a method for studying the consistency of coaches' and athletes' situation understanding. Three elite athletes and their coach were video recorded during winter training session, international summer competition, and training session following competition. Postperformance self-confrontation interviews were conducted separately with each participant, who was asked to describe his/her activity in relation to the events observed. Interview data were used to characterize compatible (i.e., similar or the same) information between coach and athlete and modes of compatibility. Results showed compatible situation understanding was based on five information categories: (a) technical elements, (b) athlete's psychological states, (c) organization and safety, (d) performance, and (e) athlete's experience. Results also showed whether coaches' and athletes' information were not compatible, compatible, or mutually compatible. The method used and specific findings are discussed in relation to the analysis of consistency of coaches' and athletes' situation understanding from larger samples of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental skills training (MST) program for male youth elite rugby athletes. Three focus groups were held with 21 under-16 male rugby athletes and four male coaches involved in the MST program to examine the quality of service delivery, athlete responses to the MST program, the mental qualities used by athletes, and its perceived influence on athlete performance. Following inductive-deductive content analysis, 40 subcategories and 16 categories emerged. Participants believed the MST program to be an interactive, well-planned program that increased athlete understanding of MST methods and awareness of MST strategies to manage rugby performance. Athletes thought it important that their coaches develop a greater knowledge and understanding of MST methods. Finally, athletes perceived the MST skills and methods they learnt through the MST program were transferable to other sports and areas of their life outside of rugby (e.g., school). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In specialist sports coaching, the type and manner of augmented information that the coach chooses to use in communicating and training with individual athletes can have a significant impact on skill development and performance. Informed by insights from psychology, pedagogy, and sport science, this position paper presents a practitioner-based approach in response to the overarching question: When, why, and how could coaches provide information to athletes during coaching interventions? In an ecological dynamics rationale, practice is seen as a search for functional performance solutions, and augmented feedback is outlined as instructional constraints to guide athletes' self-regulation of action in practice. Using the exemplar of team sports, we present a Skill Training Communication Model for practical application in the context of the role of a specialist coach, using a constraints-led approach (CLA). Further based on principles of a non-linear pedagogy and using the recently introduced Periodization of Skill Training (PoST) framework, the proposed model aims to support practitioners' understanding of the pedagogical constraints of feedback and instruction during practice. In detail, the PoST framework's three skill development and training stages work to (1) directly impact constraint manipulations in practice designs and (2) indirectly affect coaches' choices of external (coach-induced) information. In turn, these guide practitioners on how and when to apply different verbal instruction methodologies and aim to support the design of effective skill learning environments. Finally, several practical guidelines in regard to sports coaches' feedback and instruction processes are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance profile technique (Butler, 1989, 1991), which stems from a personal construct psychology (PCP; Kelly, 1955/1991) framework, has become a useful methodology for identifying and understanding an athlete's perceived need for areas of improvement. Despite the popularity of this technique, current descriptions and practices fail to appreciate key tenets of PCP which offer a greater insight into one's perspective. Accordingly, the purposes of this paper are to revisit the performance profile technique and describe an extension of its current form by drawing on these key PCP tenets as well as providing an example of the revised methodology in practice. Following a brief overview of PCP, we outline two key tenets of this theoretical framework that have guided the revised version of the performance profile technique presented here. We conclude with a case example of the new methodology in practice using an Australian footballer's perception of mental toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the conceptual model of coaching efficacy (Feltz, Chase, Moritz, & Sullivan, 1999) has increased dramatically over the past few years. Utilizing this model as the guiding framework, the current study examined: (a) coaching experience and sex as predictors of coaches' coaching efficacy; (b) sport experience, sex, and the match/mismatch in sex between coach and athlete as predictors of athletes' perceptions of their coach's effectiveness on the four coaching efficacy domains; and (c) whether coaches' reports of coaching efficacy and athletes' perceptions of coaching effectiveness differed. Coaches (N = 26) and their athletes (N = 291) from 8 individual and 7 team sports drawn from British university teams (N = 26) participated in the study. Coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES), while athletes evaluated their coach's effectiveness using an adapted version of the CES; coaches and athletes also responded to demographic questions. Results indicated that, in coaches, years of coaching experience positively predicted technique coaching efficacy, and males reported higher game strategy efficacy than females. In athletes, sport experience negatively predicted all perceived coaching effectiveness dimensions, and the mismatch in sex between athletes and their coach negatively predicted perceived motivation and character building coaching effectiveness. Finally, on average, coaches' ratings of coaching efficacy were significantly higher than their athletes' ratings of coaching effectiveness on all dimensions. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for coaching effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on professional training in physical education in the U.S.S.R. Soviet specialists find it hard to understand the Western approach to sport and physical education especially in the training and treatment of coaches, teachers, officials, and athletes. The Soviet Union has a well-coordinated system of professional training for every level of the sports movement. Soviet secondary and higher education establishments teach a large number of students who become physical education teachers, coaches, and officials in schools and sports societies. Authority over the institutes of physical culture is shared by the central sports committee and the sports committees of each of the republics on the other hand.

The article focuses on the clinical facets of sport psychology. In the last decade, physical fitness and athletic activity were given emphasis. Physical fitness and health were included in educational programs. With underscoring on winning and competition, school administrators, coaches, and physical education departments directed their energy into sports. This has prompted change in the behavior of the youth, who are often the competitors. They prefer to be handled individually and to have a voice on strategies they would like to implement in their sport of liking. This change affected coaches who are responsible for developing athletes.

By Keith A. Kaufman, Carol R. Glass, and Timothy R. Pineau. Published 2018 by the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of the present study was twofold. The first purpose was to examine the relationship between athlete mentor leadership behaviours and protégé receipt of mentoring functions. The second purpose was to examine the association between mentoring functions and protégé satisfaction. Intercollegiate athletes who indicated that they were protégés (N = 272) completed measures to assess their athlete mentors’ use of leadership behaviours (DTLI) and mentoring functions (MRI). Protégés also completed an instrument (ASQ) which assessed the degree to which they were personally satisfied during the time they were mentored. The results of structural equation modelling showed that the transformational leadership behaviour of inspirational motivation was positively related to psychosocial mentoring. In addition, the transformational leadership behaviour of intellectual stimulation and the transactional leadership behaviour of contingent reward showed positive associations to vocational mentoring. Finally, results showed that psychosocial mentoring was positively related to protégé satisfaction. These findings provide sport psychology consultants, coaches, and athletes with important knowledge concerning which mentoring functions are related to specific leadership behaviours and protégé satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two methods based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and PageRank are proposed to rank college athletic coaches. The DEA-based method uses four processes: first, the input factors must undergo the Kendall Consistency Check to ensure the feasibility and consistency of the result; second, the Data Reduction Factor epitomizes the input-output factors; third, the Range Transfer Approach standardizes the parameters and fourth, Efficiency Assessment Values for each coach are computed using a DEA model. The PageRank-based method involves building a network for matching coaches whose algorithms are used for the ranking. Sensitivity analysis and general analysing methods are applied to examine and analyse the ranking results for baseball, basketball and football coaches. The PageRank-based method also considers dynamic and diffusion relationships among coaches. The results are analysed to reveal possible features to improve the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this article is to present case study data that challenges the popular conception that athlete burnout represents the ultimate outcome of overtraining. A young male triathlete (22 yrs) completed a comprehensive training diary, along with the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and the Multi-component Training Distress Scale (MTDS) weekly from the commencement of pre-season training, until the end of the competitive season 45 weeks later. Results were analysed retrospectively upon completion of the season and followed up with semi-structured interviews with the coach and athlete. These longitudinal observations are the first to document an athlete who appears to have simultaneously become overtrained and developed athlete burnout as measured by the ABQ. Thus we are advocating a need for future research to clarify differences between these two training-stress syndromes, specifically in relation to their aetiology, to avoid misdiagnosis and to ensure appropriate treatment for athletes experiencing these conditions is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]