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PrCo 5 particles exhibit promising application potentials in fabricating high-performance permanent magnets and nanocomposite magnets. In view of this, we employ a bottom up strategy to fabricate highly anisotropic PrCo 5 particles. The synthesis process of PrCo 5 particles involved mainly two steps, (i) preparation of precursor that contains a mixture of amorphous Pr(OH) 3 and crystalline Co(OH) 2 (ii) Using a calciothermic-reduction, the precursor mixture has converted into PrCo 5 particles, which are similar to the traditionally prepared SmCo 5 particles. The obtained PrCo 5 particles mostly single crystal with an average size from 200 nm to 800 nm. The strong magnetic anisotropy and excellent magnetic properties, especially a high degree of grain alignment and large remanance ratio (M r /M 100kOe) leads to a large maximum energy product at room temperature. Therefore, the coercivity of 8.56 kOe, M r /M 100kOe of 0.80 and the maximum energy product of 12.64MGOe were achieved in aligned PrCo 5 particles. The results suggest a pathway for the development of nanocomposite magnets with an enhanced energy product. • Highly anisotropic PrCo 5 assembly of crystals have been synthesized. • The PrCo 5 particles exhibit the high coercivity of 8.56 kOe. • The maximum energy product of 12.64MGOe is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]