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Definitely the cloud journey is on the fast track. The cloud idea got originated and started to thrive from the days of server virtualization. Server machines are being virtualized in order to have multiple virtual machines, which are provisioned dynamically and kept in ready and steady state to deliver sufficient resources (compute, storage, and network) for optimally running any software application. That is, a physical machine can be empowered to run multiple and different applications through the aspect of virtualization. Resultantly, the utilization of expensive compute machines is steadily going up.

Many scientific applications are often modeled as workflows. The data and computational resource requirements are high for such workflow applications. Cloud provides a better solution to this problem by offering the promising environment for the execution of these workflow. As it involves tremendous data computations and resources, there is a need to automate the entire process. Workflow management system serves this purpose by orchestrating workflow task and executing it on distributed resources. Pegasus is a well-known workflow management system that has been widely used in large-scale e-applications. This chapter provides an overview about the Pegasus Workflow Management System, describes the environmental setup with OpenStack and creation and execution of workflows in Pegasus, and discusses about the workflow scheduling in cloud with its issues.

Modeling and simulation of scientific workflow play a vital role in resource allocation in a distributed environment. Simulation is one of the methods to solve the complex scientific workflows in distributed environment. There are many scientific workflow simulation software frameworks that are available for grid and cloud environment. WorkflowSim is an open-source simulator. WorkflowSim Simulator extends the existing CloudSim Simulator. The architecture, components, and scheduling algorithms used and also the simulation results are explained for CloudSim Simulator and WorkflowSim Simulator.

Cloud infrastructures typically offer access to boundless virtual resources dynamically provisioned on demand for hosting, running, and managing a variety of mission-critical applications like scientific workflows, big data processing application, business intelligence-based applications, high-performance computing (HTC), and high transaction computing (HTC). Due to the surging popularity of the irresistible cloud idea, there are cloud datacenters spreading across the globe comprising heterogeneous cloud platforms and infrastructures catering to fast-evolving demands of worldwide businesses. The pervasive connectivity has enabled for the unprecedented success of the cloud concept. However, intensive automation is the key to the originally intended success of the cloud paradigm. Researchers across the world are focusing on unearthing powerful and pioneering tools and techniques for automated infrastructure life-cycle management. Similarly there are pathbreaking work-around approaches, algorithms, and architectures for workload consolidation. In short, there are many cloud-related aspects yearning for technologically sound automation, acceleration, and augmentation capabilities.

With the faster adoption of the cloud idea across industry verticals with all the elegance and the enthusiasm, the traditional IT is bound to enlarge its prospects and potentials. Thatis, the IT capabilities and capacities are being enhanced with the seamless and spontaneous association with the cloud paradigm in order to meet up fast-emerging and evolving business requirements. This is a kind of new IT getting enormous attention and garnering a lot of attraction among business executives and IT professionals lately. The systematic amalgamation of the cloud concepts with the time-tested and trusted enterprise IT environment is to deliver a bevy of significant advantages for business houses in the days ahead. This model of next-generation computing through the cognitive and collective leverage of enterprise and cloud IT environments is being touted as the hybrid IT. There are a variety of technologies and tools expressly enabling the faster realization of hybrid era. This chapter is specially crafted for digging deep and describing the various implications of the hybrid IT.