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Concerns regarding the potential negative impacts of digital technology use on youth mental health and well-being are high. However, most studies have several methodological limitations: relying on cross-sectional designs and retrospective reports, assessing technology use as an omnibus construct, and focusing on between- instead of within-person comparisons. This study addresses these limitations by prospectively following young adolescents (N = 388; M = 13.4 years) over a 14-day ecological momentary assessment study to test whether adolescents’ digital technology use is linked with self-reported emotional dysregulation and self-esteem, and whether these relationships are stronger for adolescent girls than boys. We found no evidence that adolescents experienced higher emotional dysregulation (b = -0.02; p = .07) and lower self-esteem (b = 0.004; p = .32) than they normally do on days where they use more technology than they normally do (within-person). Adolescents with higher average daily technology use over the study period did not experience lower levels of self-esteem (between-person, b = -0.02; p = .13). Adolescents with higher average daily technology use across the two-week period did report higher levels of emotional dysregulation (p = .01), albeit the between-person relation was small (b = 0.08). There was no evidence that gender moderated the associations, both between and within adolescents (bs = -0.02 - 0.13, p = .06-.55). Our findings contribute to the growing counter-narrative that technology use does not have as large of an impact on adolescents’ mental health and well-being as the public is concerned about.

Background: There is emerging evidence to suggest that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for depression may have a secondary effect on self-esteem, but less is known about non-CBT based interventions. To examine this, we had two main aims; (1) to meta-analyze psychotherapy effects on (i) depression and (ii) self-esteem, and (2) to investigate the relationship between reductions in depression symptoms and improvements in self-esteem. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized control trials of psychotherapy for adult depression, which included a self-esteem outcome at post-treatment. Nineteen studies with a total of 3423 participants met the inclusion criteria. For each comparison between psychotherapy and a control condition, we calculated Hedges' g both for depression and self-esteem and pooled them in two separate meta-analyses. Furthermore, meta-regression was used to explore the association between the effect of psychotherapy for depression and its effect on self-esteem. Results: The effects on depression were large and significant (Hedges' g = −0.95; [95 % CI: −1.27, −0.63]). We found evidence of smaller, albeit still moderate, effects on self-esteem (Hedges'g = 0.63; [95 % CI:0.32, 0.93]), with sustained effects at 6–12 months (Hedges'g = 0.70; [95 % CI: −0.03, 1.43]). We also found a strong inverse association between the effects of psychotherapy for depression and self-esteem (β = −0.60, p < 0.001). Limitations: Heterogeneity was very high (I2 = 97 %), and out of 19 trials, only 6 trials were rated as having a low risk of bias. Conclusions: The results suggest that psychotherapy for depression may improve self-esteem to a moderate degree.

Sexual and gender minority youth frequently experience bullying, which often contributes to higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Given that physical activity (PA) can mitigate depressive symptoms and improve self-esteem, we examined the moderating effect of PA on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth.Data from the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer National Teen Survey (n = 9890) were analyzed. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the influence of history and frequency of being bullied, PA, and the interaction of these variables on depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Simple slopes analyses were used to probe significant interactions.Results indicated the importance of accounting for bullying history when examining effects of PA on mental health. PA was negatively related to depression (t = -4.18, p0.001) and positively related to self-esteem (t = -12.11, p0.001). Bullying frequency was positively related to depression (t = 19.35, p0.001) and negatively related to self-esteem (t = -12.46, p0.001). There was a significant interaction between bullying frequency and PA for depression (t = 4.45, p0.001) and self-esteem (t = -4.69, p0.001). Post hoc analyses suggested that the positive effects of PA on mental health may be limited to those not bullied because it had a negligible effect on those who were bullied.Results suggest that sexual and gender minority youth exercise interventions aiming to improve mental health should first address bullying history; otherwise, their effectiveness may be limited to those who have been bullied.

Pathological narcissism implies a fragile self-view. The psychological effects of ego-relevant events in people high in pathological narcissism, however, are still uncertain. The study examined the effects of pathological narcissism on psychological reactions to ego-relevant events occurring in private or public settings. Participants (N = 410) completed measures of pathological narcissistic traits, and then they took part in a scenario-based experimental session. They were randomly assigned to four conditions: ego-threatening vs. ego-fostering events in public vs. private settings. Self-esteem and affective states before and after the experimental manipulation were measured. Results showed that vulnerable and grandiose manifestations of pathological narcissism affect differently psychological reactions to ego-relevant events. Vulnerable narcissism made people particularly sensitive to ego-threatening and ego-fostering events, especially when occurring in public settings. Grandiose narcissism was linked to a reduction in emotional responses to ego-relevant events. Findings suggest that self- and affective reactions to ego-relevant events depend on narcissistic prevailing manifestations, and that public exposure has a key role in vulnerable narcissism.

Low self-esteem is a common problem among adolescents and is related to psychiatric problems such as depression and anxiety. However, effective and available interventions primarily targeting low self-esteem are scarce, in particular for youths. To address this gap, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate a novel internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) program for low self-esteem in adolescents using a randomized controlled design. Fifty-two participants (15-19 years) were recruited and randomly allocated to seven weeks of therapist-supported ICBT (n=26) or to a waitlist control condition (n=26). The primary outcome was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Secondary outcomes measured domain-specific aspects of self-esteem, self-compassion, quality of life, depression and anxiety. The treatment group showed significantly higher levels of self-rated self-esteem compared to the control group at post-treatment, with a large between-group effect-size (RSES, d = 1.18). Further, the treatment had significant positive impact on secondary measures of self-esteem, self-compassion, quality of life, depression and anxiety. The results of this pilot-RCT suggest that ICBT can be effective for treating low self-esteem in adolescents, decrease depression and anxiety levels, and increasing quality of life. Replication of the results in larger samples is needed. Funding: Linkoping University

Purpose Recent studies have shown that tics and related comorbidities can cause poorer social adjustment, lower self-esteem, and higher psychosocial stress among adolescents with Tourette syndrome. This study explored the role of self-esteem in mediating the relationship between psychosocial stress and social adjustment among adolescents with Tourette syndrome, and the role of comorbidities in moderating the relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment. Design and methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 118 Taiwanese adolescents with Tourette syndrome aged between 12 and 20 years old were recruited via convenience sampling. Their demographic information, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, stress index for children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome, social adjustment scale for adolescents with Tourette syndrome, and Self-Esteem Scale results were collected. Moderated mediation analysis of the study data was performed with the Hayes's PROCESS macro. Results Our results revealed that the self-esteem of adolescents with Tourette syndrome fully mediates the relationship between their psychosocial stress and social adjustment (B = −0.0703, 95% CI, [−0.0176, −0.001]), while comorbidities moderates the relationship between their self-esteem and social adjustment (B = −0.8416, 95% CI, [−1.4529, −0.2302]). The relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment was more pronounced in adolescents without comorbidities than those with comorbidities. Conclusions Psychosocial stress correlates negatively with social adjustment and self-esteem, and indirectly influences social adjustment through self-esteem, while comorbidities (particularly their absence) moderates the relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment. Practice implications Different self-esteem strengthening programs to enhance social adjustment for adolescents with Tourette syndrome may be developed in future studies.

BackgroundLow self-esteem is a relevant transdiagnostic condition in the etiology, manifestation, and aggravation of different types of psychopathology. While low self-esteem is expected to ameliorate automatically after successful treatment of the principal emotional disorder the patient is suffering from, this does not always happen. Therefore, several specific interventions for enhancing low self-esteem have been developed, amongst them competitive memory training or COMET. The current meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of COMET in a variety of patient populations.MethodsSeveral databases were simultaneously examined after which 11 randomized COMET studies were identified. They encompassed a total of 662 patients with a diversity of emotional disorders of whom 344 had been treated in the experimental COMET conditions. Effects of COMET were expressed as Hedges’ g and were assessed on self-esteem and comorbid depression. When heterogeneity or publication bias were detected, original outcomes were corrected.ResultsLow self-esteem was enhanced (g = 0.50; after correction g = 0.61), while comorbid depression was reduced (g = 0.68; after correction g = 0.54).ConclusionsCOMET is a promising transdiagnostic intervention producing moderate enhancements in low self-esteem and moderate reductions in comorbid depression compared to control conditions in a variety of emotional disorders.Study RegistrationProspero ID: CRD42021237905

Giriş: Gözlük kullanımının benlik saygısını etkileyip etkilemediğini değerlendirmek ve gözlük takan ve takmayan çocuk ve ergenlerin sosyal kaygı düzeylerini karşılaştırmak.Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, en az bir yıldır gözlük takan 108 çocuk ile yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş 150 sağlıklı çocuktan oluşuyordu. Benlik saygısı Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ile ölçüldü ve sosyal kaygı, Çocuklar İçin Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği- Yenilenmiş Biçim ile ölçüldü. Katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve gözlükle ilgili klinik verileri, sosyodemografik veri formu aracılığıyla dGiriş: Benlik saygısı ve sosyal kaygı, adolesanların hem sosyal yaşamını hem de okul başarısını etkileyebilir. Adolesan döneminde gözlük takmak benlik saygısı ve sosyal kaygı ile ilişkili olabilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada gözlük kullanan ve kullanmayan adolesanların benlik saygısı ve sosyal kaygı düzeylerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Mart-Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Göz Hastalıkları polikliniğinde yürütülen bu karşılaştırmalı tanımlayıcı çalışmanın örneklemini, en az bir yıldır gözlük takan 108 adolesan ile yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş 150 sağlıklı adolesan oluşturdu. Benlik saygısı Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ile ve sosyal kaygı, Çocuklar İçin Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği- Yenilenmiş Biçim ile ölçüldü. Katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve gözlükle ilgili klinik verileri, bir sosyodemografik veri formu aracılığıyla değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun 69'u (%63,9) kız olup, yaş ortalaması 12,92±1,55 yıl idi. Sağ göz için ortalama sferik eşdeğer (SE) değeri -1.10±3.23 D, sol göz için -1.15±3.39 D idi. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında gözlük kullananların ortalama benlik saygısı puanları anlamlı olarak daha düşük (22,53±4,60’a karşı 25,50±2,05, p0.05). Sonuç: Adolesan döneminde gözlük takmanın benlik saygısı ve sosyal kaygı ile ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Gözlük takan adolesanların kapsamlı bir psikolojik değerlendirmesini yapmak uygun bir yaklaşım olabilir., Introduction: Self-esteem and social anxiety could affect both the social life and school success of adolescents. Wearing spectacles in adolescence may be related to self-esteem and social anxiety. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the level of self-esteem and social anxiety between adolescents who wear spectacles and those who do not. Methods: This comparative descriptive study which was conducted in Sivas Cumhuriyet University Ophthalmology outpatient clinic between March-July 2021, consisted of 108 adolescents who have been wearing spectacles for at least one year, and age and sex-matched, 150 healthy adolescents. Self-esteem was measured by Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and social anxiety was measured by Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and clinical data on spectacle were evaluated via a sociodemographic data form. Results: 69 (63.9%) of the study group were girls, and the mean age was 12.92±1.55 years. For the right eyes, the mean spherical equivalent (SE) value was -1.10±3.23 D and it was -1.15±3.39 D for the left eyes. The mean self-esteem scores of the spectacle wearers were significantly lower (22.53±4.60 vs. 25.50±2.05, p0.05). Conclusion: Wearing spectacles in adolescence seems to be related to self-esteem and social anxiety. An appropriate approach would be to perform a thorough psychological evaluation of adolescents who wear spectacles.

Background:Low self-esteem (LSE) has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, and is presumably influenced by transdiagnostic factors. Our study was based both on investigations of the relationship between depression and LSE (vulnerability, scar, reciprocal models) and on theories of cognitive factors contributing to the development and maintenance of LSE, such as Melanie Fennell’s model, the catalyst model and the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model.Aims:Based on the theories above, in our cross-sectional study we aimed at understanding more specifically the transdiagnostic factors that can maintain LSE in a heterogeneous clinical sample.Method:Six hundred and eleven out-patients were assessed by SCID-I and self-report questionnaires. The model was tested by structural equation modelling.Results:Based on the fit indices, the hypothesis model did not fit the data; therefore, a modified transdiagnostic model was emerged. This model made a good fit to the data [χ2 (12, n=611)=76.471, pR2=.636). Severe stressful life events and depressive symptoms lead to LSE indirectly. Self-blame, perfectionism, seeking love and hopelessness have been identified as mediating factors in the relationship between depressive symptoms and LSE. Although there was a significant correlation between state-anxiety and LSE, as well as LSE and rumination, these two factors did not fit into the model.Conclusions:The new transdiagnostic model of LSE has great potential in the treatment of various mental conditions and may serve as a guide to developing more focused and more effective therapeutic interventions.

Introduction Our study sought to assess the interplay of family dynamics, namely familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific rejection, and its association to self-esteem in a non-probabilistic sample of LGBTQ+ adolescents in the United States. Methods Stratified by (1) cisgender and (2) transgender and non-binary LGBTQ+ adolescents (N = 8774), we tested multivariable regression analyses to assess the association between familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific family rejection, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. We then conducted a sub-analysis with LGBTQ+ adolescents who reported being out to any family member about their LGBTQ+ identity; specifically, we tested a series of multivariable regression models to assess whether levels of LGBTQ+ specific family rejection attenuated the association between familial warmth and self-esteem. Results Full sample models indicated a positive association between familial warmth and self-esteem. Findings from our sub-analysis indicated that familial warmth remained positively linked to self-esteem and family rejection was negatively associated with self-esteem. Family rejection was a statistically significant moderator, attenuating the association between familial warmth and self-esteem. With respect to being out about one's sexual orientation, these findings were robust across gender stratification groups. Conclusions Families of origin serve as sources of stress and resilience for LGBTQ+ adolescents. Our findings contribute support to arguments that familial warmth and LGBTQ+ specific rejection are not mutually-exclusive experiences among LGBTQ+ adolescents. We provide recommendations for multilevel interventions to leverage activities that support positive family dynamics and self-esteem among LGBTQ+ adolescents.

Background Despite previous research indicates that academic stress is a risk factor for students' mental health, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship are less known. This study tests the mediation effect of school burnout in the association between academic stress and adolescent depression, and whether this mediation is moderated by self-esteem. Methods A sample of 552 Chinese adolescents in junior high schools (mean age = 14.48 years, SD = 0.98) is obtained through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Mediation and moderation analyses are carried out in SPSS macro PROCESS. Results The association between academic stress and depression is found to be mediated by school burnout (b = 0.200, 95% CI [0.145, 0.263]). Moreover, the effect of school burnout on depression is moderated by self-esteem, with the effect being stronger for adolescents with low self-esteem (b = 0.377, p 0.001) than for those with high self-esteem (b = 0.218, p0.001). Limitations The cross-sectional design of the study does not allow causal inferences. Conclusions These findings contribute to the understanding of how academic stress predicts adolescent depression, and provide practical implications for prevention and intervention programs to protect adolescents' mental health in the school setting.

OBJECTIVE: Low self-esteem has been suggested as a putative mechanism in the development and maintenance of psychosis. Uncertainty still exists about how unstable self-esteem relates to psychotic experiences. The present study examines the potential (temporal) associations between momentary self-esteem, fluctuations in self-esteem, and psychotic experiences in daily life. METHODS: Experience sampling data were collected from 46 individuals presenting with an at-risk mental state (ARMS), 51 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 53 controls, to investigate associations between (fluctuations in) self-esteem and psychotic experiences within and across FEP, ARMS, and controls, using linear mixed models. RESULTS: In all three groups we found that lower momentary self-esteem was associated with a greater intensity of psychotic experiences (adj. βFEP = -0.15, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.10, p = 0.000; adj. βARMS = -0.20, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.15, p = 0.000; adj. βcontrols = -0.12, 95% CI -0.17 to -0.07, p = 0.000). Variability in momentary self-esteem was associated with a greater intensity of psychotic experiences only in ARMS (adj. βARMS = 0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11, p = 0.000) and controls (adj. βcontrols = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08, p = 0.023). For instability this association held only in controls (adj. βcontrols = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.05, p = 0.020). Furthermore, findings may suggest a reciprocal temporal association between self-esteem and psychotic experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that self-esteem may be an important mechanism targetable by ecological momentary interventions to reduce the intensity of psychotic experiences and potentially prevent illness progression at an early stage. ispartof: SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH vol:238 pages:188-198 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

Objective: To assess the relationship between self-esteem and the academic score of undergraduate medical students of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was performed from June 2018 to June 2019. The study area was Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir. The data collection tool was well-verified and widely used Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The study questionnaire was electronically distributed to all Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery students on the Poonch Medical College. The total student was 500 and out of the 253 completed and submitted the questionnaire (response rate of 50.6%). Results: The mean academic score of all students was 66.61 ± 5.42 and the mean RSE score was 28.66 ± 3.98. A statistically significant correlation was not found between age, academic score, and RSE score. Female students had slightly higher academic performance scores and RSE scores compared to the male students, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study did not reveal any significant relationship between academic score and self-esteem of undergraduate medical students. However, both academic scores and self-esteem can be further improved. Future studies are invited to find out the other factors responsible for better academic performance. Keywords: RSE scale, academic performance, medical student, Pakistan Continuous...

INTRODUCTION: Treatment among perinatally-infected youth living with HIV (pYLHIV) focuses on their medication adherence and physical health. However, these youth also experience symptoms of depression and anxiety, compounded by common developmental challenges and the stress of managing a chronic illness. Further, limited services are available to help them manage the emotional stressors of living with a stigmatized condition. METHODS: This study used baseline data from the VUKA EKHAYA study, a family-based intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It aimed to address the need for sustainable, culturally-relevant behavioral health approaches for pYLHIV and their caregivers. The sample consists of 37 caregiver-child dyads. Outcomes were self-esteem and stigma. Predictors included mental health symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as HIV treatment and transmission knowledge. The analysis included summary statistics of demographics and outcomes. Outcomes and predictors were standardized to have means of zero and a standard deviation of 1. Bivariate and multivariate associations between mental health symptoms and HIV (treatment and transmission) knowledge on outcomes of self-esteem and stigma were examined. RESULTS: Self-esteem was negatively correlated with symptoms of anxiety (r= −0.5675; p

The present study aims to translate and adapt the WHO-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) into the Urdu language and then determine its psychometric properties.Male participants (N = 201) between 18 and 4...

The purpose of this study was to examine actor and partner effects among infertile couples in determining whether self-esteem affects the degree of infertility-related stress via perceived spousal support. The sample comprised 219 couples who experienced infertility, each of whom completed an online survey. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation analysis and APIM (Actor-Partner Interdependence Model) were performed using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.3 program. The main results were as follows. First, the actor effect of spousal support on self-esteem was significant in both husbands and wives. Second, the actor effects of spousal support on infertility-related stress and self-esteem on infertility stress were significant only in husbands. Third, in the association between husbands’ and wives’ spousal support and infertility-related stress, three mediating pathways via husband’s self-esteem were found to be significant. Based on these results, the necessity for a couple-level analysis in infertility research, psycho-emotional interventions for infertile couples, and implications for follow-up studies were discussed.

Objective: A link between the disclosure of a concealable stigma such as mental illness and enhanced psychological well-being tends to be weak and sometimes non-significant, pointing to the importance of examining potential moderators. This study aims to examine how self-image goals moderate the effect of mental illness disclosure on self-esteem. Participants and Methods: College students who self-identified as having been diagnosed with mental illness (N = 174) completed an online survey regarding their mental illness disclosure, self-image goals, and self-esteem. Results: Self-image goals and mental illness disclosure interacted to predict self-esteem such that the positive association between disclosure and self-esteem was significant only among those who had low self-image goals (i.e., not overly focused on protecting idealized self-image). Conclusions: The relationship between mental illness disclosure and self-esteem is dependent on students' self-image goals. Goal-setting may be a promising target for future intervention programs for students living with mental illness.

This article discusses the problem of predisposition to the psychosomatic type of response in healthy adolescents. After all, it is the specificity of emotional and personal characteristics and the peculiarities of body perception that can be a predictor of the development of somatic symptoms. The study involved 40 people, 12 of whom had no symptoms of psychosomatic diseases, and 28 had a tendency to have minor manifestations of psychosomatic diseases or to the presence of their predispositions. The study identified a certain specificity of emotional and personal characteristics predisposing to the onset of somatic symptoms in adolescents, and a relationship between certain indicators of personal characteristics, characteristics of body perception and a tendency to somatic symptoms among adolescents.

To ascertain whether young people with dystonia are more likely than the general population to have mental health and/or behavioural difficulties, and to explore factors that may contribute to these difficulties.Using a quasi-experimental design, 50 young people with dystonia aged 7-17 and their carers were recruited from the Evelina London Children's Hospital. Young people completed the Beck Youth Inventories and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Carers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent version and the Paediatric Pain Profile. Important medical factors, such as age of onset, motor severity and manual function were obtained from medical records.One sample z tests showed young people with dystonia self-reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (p .001) and prosocial difficulties (p .01), with 48% experiencing clinically significant anxiety levels. They experienced significantly lower levels of anger, disruptive behaviour and conduct problems (all p ≤ .01). Carers reported significantly higher rates of emotional problems, hyperactivity and peer problems, and significantly lower prosocial behaviours (all p ≤ .01). Pearson's correlation coefficients showed lower levels of self-esteem were related to higher levels of anxiety (p = .015). High levels of pain were related to parent-rated conduct problems (p = .004). Age of dystonia onset and motor severity did not correlate with any of the psychological or behavioural measures.Our study suggests high rates of anxiety and behaviours that challenge in children with dystonia. Screening in movement clinics would be helpful in early identification and signposting for support.

Background Bullying victimization is becoming an increasing problem among children. This longitudinal study examined the relation of bullying victimization (both traditional and cyberbullying victimization) to subsequent depressive symptoms and the possible mediating role of self-esteem among children. Methods A total of 4043 Chinese elementary school children in Grades 3 and 4 comprised the sample. Assessments were conducted every six months on five occasions. Latent growth curve modeling was applied to examine the longitudinal relations among the variables. Results Results showed that (a) bullying victimization was positively and significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms; (b) self-esteem played an important mediating role in the relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. Limitations The study only considered self-esteem as a mediator. The generalizability of the results should be made cautiously. Conclusions The results highlight the relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms among children, suggesting that intervention programs target bullying victimization and self-esteem to reduce the likelihood of depressive symptoms among children.

Smoking behavior is an activity where someone uses cigarettes. One of the factors that influence smoking habits in adolescents is to increase self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about self-esteem in adolescent smokers at South Tangerang in 2021. The research method is descriptive using a qualitative study design. The sample in this study were four adolescent active smokers with an age range of 19 – 23 years who came from different universities by conducting in-depth interviews and conducting document reviews. This interview transcript was evaluated using content analysis, namely a one-by-one analysis of the pure interview results. The results of the interview showed that the informant felt the physical influence or the symptoms felt, namely coughing and enjoyed. Informants do not consider smoking behavior to increase self-confidence, but relationships and interactions in the family are considered the most valuable, valuable, and important for the development of individuals as members. Smoking can be a way for teenagers to look free and mature when they adjust to their smoking peers even though smoking can encourage the emergence of diseases that can lead to death. Based on this, it can be concluded that smoking behavior does not affect a person's level of self-confidence (self-esteem). Smoking can also encourage the emergence of types of diseases that can lead to death because smoking will release about 4,000 chemical components which not only affect active smokers but also those around them who feel the dangers of passive smokers.

Objective The high co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviours and eating disorder (ED) symptoms suggests these conditions share common aetiological processes. We assessed a new integrative model of shared factors for NSSI and ED symptoms, where affect dysregulation, impulsivity, self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between insecure attachment and maladaptive schemas and NSSI and ED symptoms. A further aim of the study was to assess whether the model behaved similarly across a clinical eating disorder (ED) and a community sample. Method 123 females with a lifetime ED diagnosis and 531 female individuals from the community completed an online survey, which included measures assessing the variables of interest. A cross-sectional single time point analysis was used. Results Invariance testing indicated that the model was structurally non-invariant (different across groups). The proposed integrative model was a good fit for the ED group, but for the community sample only a revised model reached an acceptable fit. Both attachment and maladaptive schemas, included early in the model, were implicated in the pathways leading to ED and NSSI symptoms in the ED and community groups. In the community group, impulsivity, a mediator, was a shared predictor for NSSI and bulimic symptoms. No other mediating variables were shared by NSSI and ED symptoms in the two groups. Overall, the proposed model explained slightly more variance for the ED group relative to the community group in drive for thinness (R2 = .57 vs .51) and NSSI (R2 = .29 vs .24) but less variance in bulimic symptoms (R2 = .33 vs .39). Conclusion We conclude that the current model provides only limited support for explaining the comorbidity between NSSI and ED symptoms. It is vital to consider both common (e.g., attachment and maladaptive schemas) and specific factors (e.g., impulsivity) to better understand the pathways that lead to the co-occurrence of NSSI and ED symptoms. A new integrative model assessed whether emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction were mediators in the relationship between insecure attachment and maladaptive beliefs about the world and the self and subsequent eating disorder and self-harm symptoms. A further aim was to assess whether the proposed model differed between a clinical eating disorder and a community sample. All participants were female and included 123 patients with a lifetime eating disorder and 531 individuals from the community. Participating individuals completed an online survey at one timepoint, which included measures assessing the variables of interest. The findings of the current study indicated that the proposed model was a good match for the clinical eating disorder sample, but for the community sample only a revised model yielded acceptable statistical fit. Both insecure attachment and maladaptive beliefs about the world and the self, included early in the model, were indirectly related to eating disorder and self-harm symptoms for both the eating disorder and the community groups. Impulsivity, a mediator, was the only shared predictor for self-harm, and bulimic symptoms in the community group. We conclude that the current model provides only limited support for explaining the comorbidity between self-harming behaviours and disordered eating symptoms.

Asperger's Disorder (AS) and feeling of loneliness (FOL) are related to low self-esteem (SE) in children as many autistic children do not participate in society. However, there was a need to further explore the correlation between the feeling of loneliness (FOL) and self-esteem in children with AS in the Saudi context. This study aimed at investigating the type of correlation between FOL and SE in the sample of children with AS and typically developing children from primary school pupils in Riyadh. It drew a comparison between the study sample individuals regarding psychological loneliness as well as SE according to the sex variable (male/female) and developmental disorder variable (children with AS and typically developing children). It further discussed the prevalence of psychological loneliness, low self-esteem, and negative social perception in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. It adopted the descriptive approach (correlative/comparative). The data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, two-direction variance analysis (2x2), and T-Test. This is a pioneering study in terms of emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention to identify children with AS and taking precautionary measures and treatment in the Saudi context. The findings indicated that FOL is negatively correlated to SE in children with AS and typically developing children of both sexes. This result is consistent with the findings of the previous studies. It was also found that male children with AS demonstrated more FOL and less SE than female children with AS. The study also provided some educational recommendations and proposed further research in this area. It also recommended developing training programs and courses for parents to optimally deal with the mentally retarded child.

This study aimed to examine the role of resilience resources in patients' lifestyle changes after the first Acute Coronary event. 275 Italian patients (84.0% men; mean age = 57.5, SD = 7.9) participated in a longitudinal study. Resilience resources (Self-esteem, Dispositional Optimism, Sense of Coherence – SOC, General and Disease-specific Self-efficacy), and lifestyles (diet, physical activity, and smoking) were assessed twice (at baseline and after 6 months). Path analysis using latent change models was performed to model the combined effect of levels and changes of the resilience resources over lifestyle changes. Patients with strong SOC at baseline were less prone to smoke and more prone to decrease smoking; enhancement in SOC was associated with a smoking decrease. High Disease-specific Self-efficacy at baseline was associated with an improvement in all lifestyles; enhancement in Disease-specific Self-efficacy predicted an increase in physical activity. Findings underline the need to design psychological interventions that promote patients' Disease-specific Self-efficacy and SOC.

Introduction: A complex and bidirectional relationship between eating and psychological symptoms in individuals with obesity has been proposed. This study aims to identify the specific processes playing a role in this association, using a data-driven approach. Methods: Two hundred ninety-four adults with obesity, including 106 (36 %) with binge-eating disorder, were consecutively admitted to a specialized public center. They completed self-report questionnaires to assess emotion regulation, interpersonal problems, self-esteem, binge-eating symptoms, and expectancies regarding eating behaviors. To assess the interplay among eating and psychological variables, a network analysis was used. The bridge function analysis was also performed to identify the bridge nodes among three communities (eating symptoms, interpersonal and emotional problems). Results: The network was stable. Limited access to emotion regulation strategies, eating helps manage negative affect, and non-assertiveness were the nodes with the highest strength centrality. Lack of emotional clarity, non-assertiveness, socially inhibition, and binge-eating were the nodes with the highest bridge strength. Limitations: The main limitation of the study is the cross-sectional nature of the findings which prevents to infer causality regarding the association between symptoms in the network. Discussion: An interplay between eating symptoms and affective and interpersonal factors characterizes individuals with obesity. Across the variety of psychological problems associated with obesity, the present study suggests specific psychological variables and their connections that could be addressed to improve treatment outcome. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran cinta romantis sebagai moderator dalam hubungan antara harga diri dengan kecenderungan berperilaku agresif pada Emerging Adulthood.

Purpose Weight self-stigma may be defined as a self-devaluation due to one’s identification with the group of people with obesity. The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) is an instrument specifically designed to measure weight self-stigma in populations with overweight or obesity. The objective of this study was to adapt the WSSQ to the Spanish population (S-WSSQ) following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations. Methods The sample comprised 165 participants with obesity seeking weight loss treatment (65% women) at the “Hospital de Valme” (Seville, Spain). Scales to measure life satisfaction, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and antifat attitudes were used to analyze the convergent and divergent validity of the S-WSSQ. Results A confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate values of the goodness of fit indexes of a two-factor model (χ2/df = 2.01 CFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.08, RMSEA = 0.078), replicating the structure found by the original authors. Cronbach’s alphas of the two factors were 0.76 (self-devaluation) and 0.77 (fear of enacted stigma). Composite Reliability values were 0.72 (self-devaluation) and 0.76 (fear of enacted stigma). Self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma were negatively related to self-esteem, and positive affect, and positively related to negative affect and antifat attitudes. Finally, life satisfaction was negatively correlated to fear of enacted stigma. Conclusions Based on these results, it is concluded that the S-WSSQ has good psychometric properties and might be used by the Spanish-speaking scientific community to measure weight self-stigma. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: Psychotherapies for depression are similarly effective, but the processes through which these therapies work have not been identified. We focus on psychological process changes during therapy as predictors of long-term depression outcome in treatment responders.METHOD: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial comparing cognitive therapy (CT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) that focuses on 85 treatment responders. Using mixed-effects models, changes during therapy (0-7 months) on nine process variables were associated with depression severity (BDI-II) at follow-up (7-24 months).RESULTS: A decrease in dysfunctional attitudes was associated with a decrease in depression scores over time. Improved self-esteem was associated with less depression at follow-up (borderline significant). More improvement in both work and social functioning and interpersonal problems was associated with better depression outcomes in IPT relative to CT, while less improvement in work and social functioning and interpersonal problems was associated with better outcomes in CT relative to IPT.CONCLUSIONS: Less negative thinking during therapy is associated with lower depression severity in time, while changes during therapy in work and social functioning and interpersonal problems appear to predict different long-term outcomes in CT vs. IPT. If replicated, these findings can be used to guide clinical decision-making during psychotherapy.

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) can benefit from reliving positive autobiographical memories in terms of mood and state self-esteem and elucidate the neural processes supporting optimal memory reliving. Particularly the role of vividness and brain areas involved in autonoetic consciousness were studied, as key factors involved in improving mood and state self-esteem by positive memory reliving. Methods: Women with BPD (N = 25), Healthy Controls (HC, N = 33) and controls with Low Self-Esteem (LSE, N = 22) relived four neutral and four positive autobiographical memories in an MRI scanner. After reliving each memory mood and vividness was rated. State self-esteem was assessed before and after the Reliving Autobio-graphical Memories (RAM) task. Results: Overall, mood and state self-esteem were lower in participants with BPD compared to HC and LSE, but both the BPD and LSE group improved significantly after positive memory reliving. Moreover, participants with BPD indicated that they relived their memories with less vividness than HC but not LSE, regardless of valence. When reliving (vs reading) memories, participants with BPD showed increased precuneus and lingual gyrus activation compared to HC but not LSE, which was inversely related to vividness. Discussion: Women with BPD seem to experience more challenges in reliving neutral and positive autobio-graphical memories with lower vividness and less deactivated precuneus potentially indicating altered autono-etic consciousness. Nevertheless, participants with BPD do benefit in mood and self-esteem from reliving positive memories. These findings underline the potential of positive autobiographical memory reliving and suggest that interventions may be further shaped to improve mood and strengthen self-views in people with BPD.

This study aimed to investigate perfectionism among talented students and its relationship to their self-esteem. Eighty-nine male and female talented students in King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence in Jordan were administered. Big Three Perfectionism Scale and Self-Esteem Scale to Rosenberg were used based on arithmetic mean, standard deviations, T-test for independent samples and Pearson correlation. The results indicate that the levels of three types of perfectionism and self-esteem are medium among students of King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence; also, there are no statistically significant differences between male and female students on Rigid Perfectionism and Narcissistic Perfectionism, while there are statistically significant differences between male and female students in Self-Critical Perfectionism and there are no statistically significant differences for Pearson Correlation to Rigid Perfectionism and Narcissistic Perfectionism on self-esteem; however, there are negative statistically significant differences for Pearson Correlation to Self-critical Perfectionism on self-esteem. Keywords: Perfectionism, self-esteem, talented students.