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The article evaluates the cooperative federalism models. It mentions that the Warner-Lieberman bill is the most important federal legislation because it provides only a limited role for the states. Among the cooperative federalism models are the decentralized approaches taken by the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, the Emissions Trading Systems of the European Union, and the Clean Air Act.

The article provides information on the role of the state in a federal program against climate change. It mentions that the federal monopoly on regulatory authority could make an institutional inertia. Policymakers should consider multiple factors in meeting AB 32's environmental justice provisions as part of greenhouse gas reduction strategy. A case study on the environmental provision on climate change legislation in California is also offered.