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Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) represent 22% of global greenhouse gas emissions. To meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement, the AFOLU sector greenhouse gases must be dramatically reduced and eventually transformed to net negative CO 2 e within this century. The decarbonisation choices will have significant environmental, social and economic impacts, yet few analytical frameworks exist able to account holistically for AFOLU mitigation strategies and their sustainable development impacts in a way that combines advantages of global and national approaches to decarbonisation pathways. This paper proposes a pathway design framework for AFOLU decarbonisation strategies that can help governments set targets across four types of levers (increasing sequestration; improving the emissions efficiency of agriculture; incentivising dietary changes; and displacing fossil fuels with bioenergy) and help them navigate potential synergies and trade-offs with sustainable development objectives (notably food security, biodiversity preservation, poverty alleviation and job creation), in a way that facilitates co-construction and discussion with main stakeholders. • Key drivers of AFOLU decarbonisation include enhancing carbon sequestration, increasing bioenergy production, reducing emission intensity of agriculture and shifting diets. • The AFOLU transformation has trade-off and synergies with SDGs, including food security, biodiversity, and poverty and jobs. • A comprehensive AFOLU pathway must integrate all key drivers and key SDGs to capture the systemic elements of the sector. • We propose a method for designingcomprehensive AFOLU pathways, integrating all key drivers and key SDGs. • The pathway design framework emphasises co-construction and dialogue with key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico's current climate change policy sets the country on a development pathway which is inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement. The Deep Decarbonization methodology has been used to develop an alternative whole-economy pathway to 2050 consistent with limiting warming to between 1.5 and 2°C above pre-industrial times, covering energy and non-energy sectors and achieving comparable population and GDP growth to those expected from current policies. In this pathway, renewable electricity substitutes fossil fuels as the main energy source before 2040, urban regulation and infrastructure favor public transport while electric vehicles are rapidly rolled out to both public and private fleets, and improved agricultural and forest management practices reduce emissions and increase absorptions. Rapid uptake of renewable electricity and electric vehicles will require decisive policy action, and the resulting reductions in oil and gas demand will require changes to fiscal policy and industrial strategy. This work is part of the "Deep Decarbonization Pathways for Latin America" project. • Mexico's current climate policy is incompatible with Paris Agreement goals. • The DDP methodology shows how Mexico can achieve these goals. • Modal shift and electrification of urban transport rapidly reduce oil demand. • Renewable electricity replaces fossil fuels as main source of energy before 2040. • Lower agricultural emissions and greater forest absorptions are also required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]