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In the recent years, radiative cooling has emerged as a promising technology for space cooling applications. Nevertheless, radiative cooling phenomenon is dependent on weather conditions and it presents some performance limitations, meaning that the cooling capacity is limited in some climates. The radiative cooling potential is the maximum theoretical limit that can be achieved. In this study we analyse the evolution of the radiative cooling potential in Europe under the context of climate change. Radiative cooling potential maps for the period 2020–2050 are provided. The results reveal that radiative cooling potential remains constant for this period, evidencing a resilience of this technology during the following decades. We also provide a seasonal study of the potential by regions. Summer, when cooling needs are higher, is the season with the least nocturnal energy potential and the second with the highest nocturnal power potential. Shifting to all-day radiative cooling, the energy potential increases by 1.64 in winter; 2.97 in spring; 4.03 in summer and 2.2 in autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcontinental dispersals by organisms usually represent improbable events that constitute a major challenge for biogeographers. By integrating molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and palaeoecology, we test a bold hypothesis proposed by Vladimir Nabokov regarding the origin of Neotropical Polyommatus blue butterflies, and show that Beringia has served as a biological corridor for the dispersal of these insects from Asia into the New World. We present a novel method to estimate ancestral temperature tolerances using distribution range limits of extant organisms, and find that climatic conditions in Beringia acted as a decisive filter in determining which taxa crossed into the New World during five separate invasions over the past 11Myr. Our results reveal a marked effect of the Miocene–Pleistocene global cooling, and demonstrate that palaeoclimatic conditions left a strong signal on the ecology of present-day taxa in the New World. The phylogenetic conservatism in thermal tolerances that we have identified may permit the reconstruction of the palaeoecology of ancestral organisms, especially mobile taxa that can easily escape from hostile environments rather than adapt to them., Organismic and Evolutionary Biology