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Climate change and the Covid-19 pandemic have been classified as systemic risks and have elaborated that such systemic risks will become the new normal. Ways to tackle the long-term effects of climate change include law and environmental policy. In addition, insurance can help mitigate the burden placed on governments when such systemic risks occur, including pandemics. In relation to the Covid-19 pandemic and the effects of long-Covid, sports and exercise are examined as a mitigating factor able to release pressure from public health and help mitigate its long-term effects. This article discusses the correlation of Covid-19 with environmental changes and climate changes and goes on to address the role of insurance, on the one hand and sports and exercise on the other hand as mitigating mechanisms to handle systemic risks such as climate change and pandemics. The article’s findings suggest and conclude that 1) outside state action (law and policy), private action such as change in lifestyle towards a more sustainable way of life, and sports and exercise can help with the long-term effects of pandemics and 2) insurance can act as a mitigating private sector mechanism. Governments should integrate law, policy, and mitigating techniques such as private insurance to tackle and respond to systemic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions, however, because CCUS technology almost exclusively aims for carbon mitigation without co-benefits, this expensive technology has not been widely adopted. In order to make this technology viable, a robust regulatory and legal regime is required both internationally and within the European Union (EU). A comprehensive insurance system is also required to ensure that efficient running of CCUS. With this understanding in mind, this article analyses the regulatory regime governing CCUS both internationally and in the EU and also the law governing insurance of this technology. It argues that whilst European regulation has improved with respect to filling regulatory gaps, a number of gaps are identified which still need to be closed. In addition, the article will argue that special insurance coverage for specialized risks must be in place to diminish any environmental impact and hazard, including cyber-related risks that need to be identified and insured to be properly handled and adequately covered to allow for the successful deployment of CCUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the high pace of acceleration with which climate change is occurring, the unprecedented amount of floods and fires and the extremely high temperatures of the last years, new habitable and exploitable areas are bound to increase as a result of the extremely rapid ice melting in the Arctic. These areas will allow the exploration of natural resources and the use of new navigation routes in shipping. The Arctic region is rich in natural resources, but, at the same time, faces challenges due to its sparse population, limited logistical networks, and fragile environmental conditions; hence, any future sustainable growth and development in it should address the need to build sustainable infrastructure and explore and expropriate the natural resources sustainably, in an effort to achieve transformation towards an inclusive green economy that respects the indigenous peoples and their communities and lifestyle. This article not only synthesizes the existing literature on the topic of the impact of climate change on the Arctic, but also discusses and analyses the ways in which any exploration and exploitation of natural resources and any increased shipping activity in the Arctic should take place, in the light of the impact of climate change. By bringing together different literatures - on the Arctic exploration, legal regulation and Arctic shipping - not usually considered together, it analyses and discusses the multiple social and environmental effects of climate change in the region and its indigenous populations, and, finally, proposes policy options and legislative and other measures so as to best meet the various challenges imposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]