20 results on '"Cardoso, Pedro"'
Search Results
2. Effects of climate change on the distribution of indigenous species in oceanic islands (Azores)
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Ferreira, Maria Teresa, Cardoso, Pedro, Borges, Paulo A.V., Gabriel, Rosalina, de Azevedo, Eduardo Brito, Reis, Francisco, Araújo, Miguel B., and Elias, Rui Bento
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- 2016
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3. Scientists' warning on climate change and insects.
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Harvey, Jeffrey A., Tougeron, Kévin, Gols, Rieta, Heinen, Robin, Abarca, Mariana, Abram, Paul K., Basset, Yves, Berg, Matty, Boggs, Carol, Brodeur, Jacques, Cardoso, Pedro, de Boer, Jetske G., De Snoo, Geert R., Deacon, Charl, Dell, Jane E., Desneux, Nicolas, Dillon, Michael E., Duffy, Grant A., Dyer, Lee A., and Ellers, Jacintha
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GLOBAL warming ,INSECTS ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CLIMATE change ,SUSTAINABILITY ,COMMUNITIES ,FLOOD warning systems ,FIRE management - Abstract
Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates the harmful effects of other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms of threats to species preservation, as well as in the preservation of an array of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among the most affected groups of animals are insects—central components of many ecosystems—for which climate change has pervasive effects from individuals to communities. In this contribution to the scientists' warning series, we summarize the effect of the gradual global surface temperature increase on insects, in terms of physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and species interactions, as well as the effect of increased frequency and duration of extreme events such as hot and cold spells, fires, droughts, and floods on these parameters. We warn that, if no action is taken to better understand and reduce the action of climate change on insects, we will drastically reduce our ability to build a sustainable future based on healthy, functional ecosystems. We discuss perspectives on relevant ways to conserve insects in the face of climate change, and we offer several key recommendations on management approaches that can be adopted, on policies that should be pursued, and on the involvement of the general public in the protection effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Resolving the Azorean knot: a response to Carine & Schaefer (2010)
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Triantis, Kostas A., Hortal, Joaquín, Amorim, Isabel, Cardoso, Pedro, Santos, Ana M. C., Gabriel, Rosalina, Borges, Paulo A. V., and Fernández-Palacios, José Maria
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- 2012
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5. Challenges and opportunities of species distribution modelling of terrestrial arthropod predators
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Mammola, Stefano, Pétillon, Julien, Hacala, Axel, Monsimet, Jérémy, Marti, Sapho-Lou, Cardoso, Pedro, Lafage, Denis, Zoology, and Finnish Museum of Natural History
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CLIMATE-CHANGE ,INSECT CONSERVATION ,social network analysis ,RANGE SHIFTS ,ecological niche models ,NICHE ,predicted distribution ,mechanistic models ,niche-based models ,climate change ,DISPERSAL ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION ,statistical modelling ,BIODIVERSITY ,MaxEnt ,bibliometrics ,HABITAT ,ARGENTINE ANTS ,HIGH-RESOLUTION - Abstract
Aim Species distribution models (SDMs) have emerged as essential tools in the equipment of many ecologists, useful to explore species distributions in space and time and answering an assortment of questions related to biogeography, climate change biology and conservation biology. Historically, most SDM research concentrated on well-known organisms, especially vertebrates. In recent years, these tools are becoming increasingly important for predicting the distribution of understudied invertebrate taxa. Here, we reviewed the literature published on main terrestrial arthropod predators (ants, ground beetles and spiders) to explore some of the challenges and opportunities of species distribution modelling in mega-diverse arthropod groups. Location Global. Methods Systematic mapping of the literature and bibliometric analysis. Results Most SDM studies of animals to date have focused either on broad samples of vertebrates or on arthropod species that are charismatic (e.g. butterflies) or economically important (e.g. vectors of disease, crop pests and pollinators). We show that the use of SDMs to map the geography of terrestrial arthropod predators is a nascent phenomenon, with a near-exponential growth in the number of studies over the past ten years and still limited collaborative networks among researchers. There is a bias in studies towards charismatic species and geographical areas that hold lower levels of diversity but greater availability of data, such as Europe and North America. Conclusions Arthropods pose particular modelling challenges that add to the ones already present for vertebrates, but they should also offer opportunities for future SDM research as data and new methods are made available. To overcome data limitations, we illustrate the potential of modern data sources and new modelling approaches. We discuss areas of research where SDMs may be combined with dispersal models and increasingly available phylogenetic and functional data to understand evolutionary changes in ranges and range-limiting traits over past and contemporary time-scales.
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- 2021
6. Insect threats and conservation through the lens of global experts
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Milicic, Marija, Popov, Snežana, Branco, Vasco V, Cardoso, Pedro, Finnish Museum of Natural History, and Zoology
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TERRESTRIAL ,ISLAND ,Insecta ,extinction ,INCREASES ,land management ,conservation measures ,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ,TRENDS ,expert opinion ,climate change ,DECLINES ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,MANAGEMENT ,pollution ,TOOL ,BIODIVERSITY ,biodiversity decline ,agriculture - Abstract
While several recent studies have focused on global insect population trends, all are limited in either space or taxonomic scope. As global monitoring programs for insects are currently not implemented, inherent biases exist within most data. Expert opinion, which is often widely available, proves to be a valuable tool where hard data are limited. Our aim is to use global expert opinion to provide insights on the root causes of potential insect declines worldwide, as well as on effective conservation strategies that could mitigate insect biodiversity loss. We obtained 753 responses from 413 respondents with a wide variety of spatial and taxonomic expertise. The most relevant threats identified through the survey were agriculture and climate change, followed by pollution, while land management and land protection were recognized as the most significant conservation measures. Nevertheless, there were differences across regions and insect groups, reflecting the variability within the most diverse class of eukaryotic organisms on our planet. Lack of answers for certain biogeographic regions or taxa also reflects the need for research in less investigated settings. Our results provide a novel step toward understanding global threats and conservation measures for insects.
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- 2021
7. SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forests of Azores: V - New records of terrestrial arthropods after ten years of SLAM sampling.
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Lhoumeau, Sébastien, Cardoso, Pedro, Boieiro, Mário, Ros-Prieto, Alejandra, Costa, Ricardo, Lamelas-Lopez, Lucas, Leite, Abrão, Rosário, Isabel Amorim do, Gabriel, Rosalina, Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Rigal, François, Santos, Ana M. C., Tsafack, Noelline, Ferreira, Maria Teresa, and Borges, Paulo A. V.
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CLIMATE change ,FORESTS & forestry ,ARTHROPODA ,EXOTIC forestry ,SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Background: A long-term study monitoring arthropods (Arthropoda) is being conducted since 2012 in the forests of Azorean Islands. Named "SLAM - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores", this project aims to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers in the distribution, abundance and diversity of Azorean arthropods. The current dataset represents arthropods that have been recorded using a total of 42 passive SLAM traps (Sea, Land and Air Malaise) deployed in native, mixed and exotic forest fragments in seven Azorean Islands (Flores, Faial, Pico, Graciosa, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria). This manuscript is the fifth data-paper contribution, based on data from this long-term monitoring project. New information: We targeted taxa for species identification belonging to Arachnida (excluding Acari), Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Hexapoda (excluding Collembola, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera (but including only Formicidae)). Specimens were sampled over seven Azorean Islands during the 2012-2021 period. Spiders (Araneae) data from Pico and Terceira Islands are not included since they have been already published elsewhere (Costa and Borges 2021, Lhoumeau et al. 2022). We collected a total of 176007 specimens, of which 168565 (95.7%) were identified to the species or subspecies level. For Araneae and some Hemiptera species, juveniles are also included in this paper, since the low diversity in the Azores allows a relatively precise species-level identification of this life-stage. We recorded a total of 316 named species and subspecies, belonging to 25 orders, 106 families and 260 genera. The ten most abundant species were mostly endemic or native non-endemic (one Opiliones, one Archaeognatha and seven Hemiptera) and only one exotic species, the Julida Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860). These ten species represent 107330 individuals (60%) of all sampled specimens and can be considered as the dominant species in the Azorean native forests for the target studied taxa. The Hemiptera were the most abundant taxa, with 90127 (50.4%) specimens. The Coleoptera were the most diverse with 30 (28.6%) families. We registered 72 new records for many of the islands (two for Flores, eight for Faial, 24 for Graciosa, 23 for Pico, eight for Terceira, three for São Miguel and four for Santa Maria). These records represent 58 species. None of them is new to the Azores Archipelago. Most of the new records are introduced species, all still with low abundance on the studied islands. This publication contributes to increasing the baseline information for future longterm comparisons of the arthropods of the studied sites and the knowledge of the arthropod fauna of the native forests of the Azores, in terms of species abundance, distribution and diversity throughout seasons and years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores: IV - The spiders of Terceira and Pico Islands (2019-2021) and general diversity patterns after ten years of sampling.
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Lhoumeau, Sébastien, Cardoso, Pedro, Costa, Ricardo, Boieiro, Mário, Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Amorim, Isabel R., Rigal, François, Santos, Ana M. C., Gabriel, Rosalina, and Borges, Paulo A. V.
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CLIMATE change ,SPECIES diversity ,SPECIES distribution ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Background: Long-term studies are key to understand the drivers of biodiversity erosion, such as landuse change and habitat degradation, climate change, invasive species or pollution. The long-term project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) started in 2012 and focuses on arthropod monitoring, using SLAM (Sea, Land and Air Malaise) traps, aiming to understand the impact of the drivers of biodiversity erosion on Azorean native forests (Azores, Portugal). This is the fourth contribution including SLAM project data and the second focused on the spider fauna (Arachnida, Araneae) of native forests on two islands (Pico and Terceira). In this contribution, we describe data collected between 2019 and 2021 and we analyse them together with a previously published database that covered the 2012-2019 period, in order to describe changes in species abundance patterns over the last ten years. New information: We present abundance data of Azorean spider species for the 2019-2021 period in two Azorean Islands (Terceira and Pico). We also present analyses of species distribution and abundance of the whole sampling period. In the period of 2019-2021, we collected a total of 5110 spider specimens, of which 2449 (48%) were adults. Most juveniles, with the exception of some exotic Erigoninae, were also included in the data presented in this paper, since the low diversity of spiders in the Azores allows a relatively precise specieslevel identification of this life-stage. We recorded a total of 45 species, belonging to 39 genera and 16 families. The ten most abundant species were composed mostly of endemic or native non-endemic species and only two exotic species (Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852) and Dysdera crocata C. L. Koch, 1838). They included 4308 individuals (84%) of all sampled specimens and were the dominant species in Azorean native forests. The family Linyphiidae was the richest and most abundant taxon, with 15 (33%) species and 2630 (51%) specimens. We report Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864, a non-native species, from Pico Island for the first time. We found no new species records on Terceira Island. This publication contributes to increasing the baseline information for future longterm comparisons of the spiders on the studied sites and the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the native forests of Terceira and Pico, in terms of species abundance, distribution and diversity across seasons for a 10 years period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. The promise and perils of engineering cave climates: response to Turner et al.
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Meierhofer, Melissa B., Cardoso, Pedro, Lilley, Thomas, and Mammola, Stefano
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BAT conservation , *CAVES , *SPELEOTHEMS , *CLIMATE change , *ACCLIMATIZATION , *CLIMATE change models , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *CAVING - Abstract
Given that the conservation of subterranean ecosystems is finally gaining ground (Wynne et al., 2021), we believe it is of fundamental importance to tread lightly when considering interventions that directly affect the subterranean ecosystem (Mammola et al., 2022). However, ecosystem manipulation should follow strict guidelines to avoid unintended consequences to nontarget species (Simberloff & Stiling, 1996). Bats, climate change mitigation, conservation intervention, global warming, habitat manipulation, subterranean ecosystem Keywords: bats; climate change mitigation; conservation intervention; global warming; habitat manipulation; subterranean ecosystem EN bats climate change mitigation conservation intervention global warming habitat manipulation subterranean ecosystem 1 3 3 05/31/22 20220601 NES 220601 Global climate change is predicted to cause profound alterations in subterranean ecosystems in the next decades (Mammola, Piano, et al., 2019; Sánchez-Fernández et al., 2021). [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
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10. Implications of climate change to the design of protected areas: The case study of small islands (Azores).
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Ferreira, Maria Teresa, Cardoso, Pedro, Borges, Paulo A. V., Gabriel, Rosalina, de Azevedo, Eduardo Brito, and Elias, Rui Bento
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PROTECTED areas , *CLIMATE change , *SPECIES distribution , *ISLANDS , *EFFECT of human beings on climate change , *PHYTOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Climate change is causing shifts in species distributions worldwide. Understanding how species distributions will change with future climate change is thus critical for conservation planning. Impacts on oceanic islands are potentially major given the disproportionate number of endemic species and the consequent risk that local extinctions might become global ones. In this study, we use species climate envelope models to evaluate the current and future potential distributions of Azorean endemic species of bryophytes, vascular plants, and arthropods on the Islands of Terceira and São Miguel in the Azores archipelago (Macaronesia). We examined projections of climate change effects on the future distributions of species with particular focus on the current protected areas. We then used spatial planning optimization software (PRION) to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas at preserving species both in the present and future. We found that contractions of species distributions in protected areas are more likely in the largest and most populated island of São Miguel, moving from the coastal areas towards inland where the current protected areas are insufficient and inadequate to tackle species distribution shifts. There will be the need for a revision of the current protected areas in São Miguel to allow the sustainable conservation of most species, while in Terceira Island the current protected areas appear to be sufficient. Our study demonstrates the importance of these tools for informing long-term climate change adaptation planning for small islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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11. Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS): a proposal for the long-term coordinated survey and monitoring of native island forest biota.
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Borges, Paulo A. V., Cardoso, Pedro, Kreft, Holger, Whittaker, Robert J., Fattorini, Simone, Emerson, Brent C., Gil, Artur, Gillespie, Rosemary G., Matthews, Thomas J., Santos, Ana M. C., Steinbauer, Manuel J., Thébaud, Christophe, Ah-Peng, Claudine, Amorim, Isabel R., Aranda, Silvia Calvo, Arroz, Ana Moura, Azevedo, José Manuel N., Boieiro, Mário, Borda-de-Água, Luís, and Carvalho, José Carlos
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HABITATS ,CLIMATE change ,ECOSYSTEMS ,ISLANDS ,BIOTIC communities - Abstract
Islands harbour evolutionary and ecologically unique biota, which are currently disproportionately threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic factors, including habitat loss, invasive species and climate change. Native forests on oceanic islands are important refugia for endemic species, many of which are rare and highly threatened. Long-term monitoring schemes for those biota and ecosystems are urgently needed: (i) to provide quantitative baselines for detecting changes within island ecosystems, (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management actions, and (iii) to identify general ecological patterns and processes using multiple island systems as repeated ‘natural experiments’. In this contribution, we call for a Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) for monitoring the remaining native island forests, using bryophytes, vascular plants, selected groups of arthropods and vertebrates as model taxa. As a basis for the GIMS, we also present new, optimized monitoring protocols for bryophytes and arthropods that were developed based on former standardized inventory protocols. Effective inventorying and monitoring of native island forests will require: (i) permanent plots covering diverse ecological gradients (e.g. elevation, age of terrain, anthropogenic disturbance); (ii) a multiple-taxa approach that is based on standardized and replicable protocols; (iii) a common set of indicator taxa and community properties that are indicative of native island forests’ welfare, building on, and harmonized with existing sampling and monitoring efforts; (iv) capacity building and training of local researchers, collaboration and continuous dialogue with local stakeholders; and (v) long-term commitment by funding agencies to maintain a global network of native island forest monitoring plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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12. Trends in habitat suitability and conservation status of aquatic spiders in Europe.
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Milano, Filippo, Cardoso, Pedro, Mammola, Stefano, Smith, Helen, and Isaia, Marco
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HABITATS , *HABITAT conservation , *WETLANDS , *GENERAL circulation model , *ENDANGERED species , *WILDLIFE conservation , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Wetlands, one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world, are increasingly subjected to area loss and degradation due to land-use and climate changes. These factors impact their unique biodiversity, including numerous invertebrates that depend on them. Here we investigated the current and future habitat suitability of the aquatic spiders Argyroneta aquatica and Dolomedes plantarius. We evaluated future trends in their geographic range, aiming at assessing their extinction risk according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria, at both global and regional levels. We investigated present and future distribution ranges using species distribution models for two integrated emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) and combining three general circulation models. These were combined with knowledge on species' dispersal limitation to account for the possibility that these species will not be able to move beyond the current range in the next decades. We found a significant future northern shift in the geographic range and a global reduction in habitat suitability for both species, corresponding to a loss of 28.9 % for A. aquatica and 38.1 % for D. plantarius in the next 10 years. The application of the IUCN criteria qualifies A. aquatica as Near Threatened and D. plantarius as Vulnerable. Regional assessments provided similar patterns of range reductions and population vulnerability across all European regions, particularly for Central-Eastern and Western Europe. Conversely, Northern Europe is expected to become a climatic refugium for both species. This work goes beyond the available studies on the conservation of these species by taking account their dispersal abilities in quantifying future trends in their habitat suitability using the most up to date knowledge. Conservation strategies should be directed towards limiting the impact of climatic and non-climatic stressors on wetlands, and towards implementing management plans and restoration programmes to increase habitat suitability and connectivity among wetland patches. [Display omitted] • Argyroneta aquatica and Dolomedes plantarius are charismatic species of wetlands subjected to habitat loss and degradation. • A future northern shift in geographic range and a global reduction in habitat suitability is forecasted for both species. • The predicted loss is 28.9 % for A. aquatica and 38.1 % for D. plantarius in the next 10 years. • The application of the IUCN criteria qualifies A. aquatica as Near Threatened and D. plantarius as Vulnerable. • Regional assessments provided similar patterns of range reductions and population vulnerability across all European regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Quantitative tools and simultaneous actions needed for species conservation under climate change-reply to Shoo et al. (2013).
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Ahteensuu, Marko, Aikio, Sami, Cardoso, Pedro, Hyvärinen, Marko, Hällfors, Maria, Lehvävirta, Susanna, Schulman, Leif, and Vaara, Elina
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WILDLIFE conservation ,PROBABILITY theory ,CLIMATE change ,NATURE ,PRECEDENCE ,ETHICAL decision making ,COINCIDENCE - Abstract
We identify four issues in the decision framework for species conservation management under climate change proposed by Shoo et al. () Clim Chan 119:239-246 and suggest ways to address them. First, binary-decision flow charts require Yes/No answers, which are not appropriate in most conservation decisions. A quantitative framework is preferable and action-guidance should be obtained even when the realistic answer to some questions remains 'we simply do not know'. Second, the proposed flow chart imposes an a priori order of precedence and does not explicitly allow simultaneous actions. A workable framework should enable optimal allocation between multiple kinds of conservation efforts and permit complementary actions. Third, the probability of success, co-benefit to non-target species, and cost are unlikely to have a simple, consistent relationship across taxa. These variables need to be assessed case-by-case for each conservation measure and species. Finally, the decision framework disregards the legal, social, and ethical aspects pertaining to decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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14. Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions.
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Cardoso, Pedro, Barton, Philip S., Birkhofer, Klaus, Chichorro, Filipe, Deacon, Charl, Fartmann, Thomas, Fukushima, Caroline S., Gaigher, René, Habel, Jan C., Hallmann, Caspar A., Hill, Matthew J., Hochkirch, Axel, Kwak, Mackenzie L., Mammola, Stefano, Ari Noriega, Jorge, Orfinger, Alexander B., Pedraza, Fernando, Pryke, James S., Roque, Fabio O., and Settele, Josef
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SCIENTISTS , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *CLIMATE change , *INSECTS , *INSECT populations , *POLLINATION by bees - Abstract
Here we build on the manifesto 'World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of World Scientists. As a group of conservation biologists deeply concerned about the decline of insect populations, we here review what we know about the drivers of insect extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions can negatively impact humanity. We are causing insect extinctions by driving habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, use of polluting and harmful substances, the spread of invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, and co-extinction of species dependent on other species. With insect extinctions, we lose much more than species. We lose abundance and biomass of insects, diversity across space and time with consequent homogenization, large parts of the tree of life, unique ecological functions and traits, and fundamental parts of extensive networks of biotic interactions. Such losses lead to the decline of key ecosystem services on which humanity depends. From pollination and decomposition, to being resources for new medicines, habitat quality indication and many others, insects provide essential and irreplaceable services. We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and curb insect extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional and global strategies that counter this trend is essential. Solutions are available and implementable, but urgent action is needed now to match our intentions. • We are pushing many ecosystems beyond recovery, resulting in insect extinctions. • Causes are habitat loss, pollution, invasives, climate change, and overexploitation. • We lose biomass, diversity, unique histories, functions, and interaction networks. • Insect declines lead to loss of essential, irreplaceable services to humanity. • Action to save insect species is urgent, for both ecosystems and human survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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15. Correction: Implications of climate change to the design of protected areas: The case study of small islands (Azores).
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Ferreira, Maria Teresa, Cardoso, Pedro, Borges, Paulo A. V., Gabriel, Rosalina, de Azevedo, Eduardo Brito, and Elias, Rui Bento
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PROTECTED areas , *CLIMATE change , *CASE studies , *ISLANDS - Published
- 2019
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16. Species conservation profile of the alpine stenoendemic spider Vesubia jugorum (Araneae, Lycosidae) from the Maritime Alps
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Mammola, Stefano, Milano, Filippo, Cardoso, Pedro, and Isaia, Marco
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high altitudes ,13. Climate action ,IUCN ,Climate Change ,red list ,14. Life underwater ,15. Life on land ,wolf spider - Abstract
Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) (Araneae: Lycosidae) is a large-sized wolf spider that occurs in alpine rocky areas above 2,000 m altitude. The species is stenoendemic, with a limited number of populations documented in the literature from the Maritime Alps (Italy, France). Due to the climate change, the current observed extent of occurrence (EEO 4,412 km2) and the area of occupancy (AOO 835 km2) are declining.
17. An expert-based global assessment of threats and conservation measures for subterranean ecosystems.
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Nanni, Veronica, Piano, Elena, Cardoso, Pedro, Isaia, Marco, and Mammola, Stefano
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HABITATS , *ECOSYSTEMS , *HABITAT destruction , *ECOSYSTEM services , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Subterranean ecosystems host unique biodiversity and deliver important services to humans. Yet, available data for subterranean ecosystems are limited in space and/or taxonomic scope and global monitoring programs are absent, preventing practitioners to develop effective conservation and management strategies. Expert opinion may help overcome some of these knowledge gaps. We surveyed experts on a wide variety of subterranean ecosystems and taxa around the world, aiming to quantify the importance of anthropogenic threats and conservation measures for subterranean ecosystems and to provide a roadmap on how to preserve these fundamental habitats and associated species and ecosystem services. We obtained 279 responses from 155 experts in different subterranean habitats, taxa, and regions. Experts perceived surface habitat change, direct habitat destruction (e.g., pollution, damming, mining), and climate change as the most relevant threats impacting subterranean ecosystems. Legislation, land protection, and education were scored as the most effective conservation measures, whereas species-level conservation was deemed less relevant. Whenever lacking hard data, expert opinion may be an effective, largely available, yet often overlooked source of information to implement timely conservation interventions for subterranean ecosystems. The most important threats (weights, in order of importance from left to right) affecting subterranean species and ecosystems according to experts evaluation and the most effective measures (circles) that should be taken to improve their conservation status. [Display omitted] • According to experts, subterranean ecosystems are primarily impacted by climate change and surface habitat change. • Legislation, land protection, and education were scored as the most effective conservation measures. • Expert opinion may be effective in the implementation of conservation interventions for poorly known subterranean ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Long Term Implications of Climate Change on Crop Planning
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Lewis, Andrew, Randall, Marcus, Elliott, Sean, Montgomery, James, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Rodrigues, João M. F., editor, Cardoso, Pedro J. S., editor, Monteiro, Jânio, editor, Lam, Roberto, editor, Krzhizhanovskaya, Valeria V., editor, Lees, Michael H., editor, Dongarra, Jack J., editor, and Sloot, Peter M.A., editor
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- 2019
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19. Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions
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Jan Christian Habel, Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Caspar A. Hallmann, Nigel E. Stork, René Gaigher, Axel Hochkirch, Alexander B. Orfinger, Frank Suhling, Caroline Sayuri Fukushima, Matthew J. Hill, Charl Deacon, Filipe Chichorro, Pedro Cardoso, Carlien Vorster, Thomas Fartmann, James S. Pryke, John P. Simaika, Jorge Ari Noriega, Mackenzie L. Kwak, Fernando Pedraza, Josef Settele, Stefano Mammola, Klaus Birkhofer, Philip S. Barton, Michael J. Samways, University of Zurich, Cardoso, Pedro, Zoology, and Finnish Museum of Natural History
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0106 biological sciences ,Natural resource economics ,UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity ,Evolution ,Animal Ecology and Physiology ,CONSERVATION ,Climate change ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,2309 Nature and Landscape Conservation ,HABITAT QUALITY ,10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies ,Centinelan extinctions ,Behavior and Systematics ,Abundance (ecology) ,Arthropods ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,FLEAS INSECTA ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Plant Ecology ,STAG BEETLE ,Global warming ,fungi ,SPECIES-DIVERSITY ,15. Life on land ,BRITISH BUTTERFLIES ,humanities ,Threatened species ,Overexploitation ,Drivers of extinction ,Habitat destruction ,1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Habitat ,13. Climate action ,FINE SEDIMENT ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,Biodiversity loss ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,ECONOMIC VALUE - Abstract
Here we build on the manifesto ‘World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of World Scientists. As a group of conservation biologists deeply concerned about the decline of insect populations, we here review what we know about the drivers of insect extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions can negatively impact humanity. We are causing insect extinctions by driving habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, use of polluting and harmful substances, the spread of invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, and co-extinction of species dependent on other species. With insect extinctions, we lose much more than species. We lose abundance and biomass of insects, diversity across space and time with consequent homogenization, large parts of the tree of life, unique ecological functions and traits, and fundamental parts of extensive networks of biotic interactions. Such losses lead to the decline of key ecosystem services on which humanity depends. From pollination and decomposition, to being resources for new medicines, habitat quality indication and many others, insects provide essential and irreplaceable services. We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and curb insect extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional and global strategies that counter this trend is essential. Solutions are available and implementable, but urgent action is needed now to match our intentions.
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- 2020
20. Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution and conservation of endemic forest land snails of Madeira Island
- Author
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Gouveia, Cátia Sofia Alves, Cardoso, Pedro Miguel Bondoso, and Cameron, Robert Andrew Duncan
- Subjects
Predictive models ,Geographic Information Systems ,Climate change ,Land snails ,MaxEnt ,Madeira Island - Abstract
Climate change is emerging as one of the major threats to natural communities of the world’s ecosystems; and biodiversity hotspots, such as Madeira Island, might face a challenging future in the conservation of endangered land snails’ species. With this thesis, progresses have been made in order to properly understand the impact of climate on these vulnerable taxa; and species distribution models coupled with GIS and climate change scenarios have become crucial to understand the relations between species distribution and environmental conditions, identifying threats and determining biodiversity vulnerability. With the use of MaxEnt, important changes in the species suitable areas were obtained. Laurel forest species, highly dependent on precipitation and relative humidity, may face major losses on their future suitable areas, leading to the possible extinction of several endangered species, such as Leiostyla heterodon. Despite the complexity of the biological systems, the intrinsic uncertainty of species distribution models and the lack of information about land snails’ functional traits, this analysis contributed to a pioneer study on the impacts of climate change on endemic species of Madeira Island. The future inclusion of predictions of the effect of climate change on species distribution as part of IUCN assessments could contribute to species prioritizing, promoting specific management actions and maximizing conservation investment.
- Published
- 2014
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