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Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of increased temperature on roots and leaf water and osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment (OA) and transpiration on Triticum durum L. (CIRNO C2008 variety) during growth (seedling growth), tillering and heading phenophases. Wheat was sown under field conditions at the Experimental Technology Transfer Center (CETT-910), as a representative wheat crop area from the Yaqui Valley, Sonora México. Thermal radiators were placed at 1.20 m from the crop canopy. Treatments included warmed plots (2 °C) and ambient canopy temperature with five replicates. Temperature treatment was controlled using a (proportional, integrative, derivative) feedback control system on plots covering a circular area of r = 1.5 m. Results indicated a significant decrease in the osmotic potential of roots and leaves for the warmed plots. Water potential, under warming treatment, also experienced a significant reduction and a potential gradient was observed in both, roots and leaves, while the phenophases were delayed. Such results demonstrate that, under warmer conditions, plants increase water absorption for cooling. Hence, transpiration experienced a significant increase under warming in all phenophases that was related to the low root and leaf water potential. CIRNO C2008 also experienced OA in all phenophases with glycine betaine as the osmolyte with major contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se estableció un experimento en condiciones de campo en el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora, México, que consistió en elevar la temperatura del trigo en 2 °C por encima de la temperatura ambiente del dosel durante la fenología del cultivo y determinar su efecto en los contenidos de proteínas (PST) y carbohidratos solubles totales (CTS) en tallos y en grano, la tasa de movilización de los carbohidratos (TMC) del tallo, y el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI). Se utilizó como modelo experimental la variedad de trigo cristalino CIRNO C2008. El contenido de PST, por efecto del calor disminuyó significativamente en la fenofase de espigamiento respecto al tratamiento de Control, lo que denota una senescencia temprana. El contenido CST en el tallo fue mayor en el tratamiento de Calor cuando se determinó 10 días después de la floración. En la maduración no existieron diferencias significativas. El calor impuesto no afectó la TMC. En el grano, el calor no afectó el contenido de PST, pero sí se incrementó el contenido de CST. El NDVI, debido al calor, disminuyó a partir de la fenofase de elongación del tallo hasta la maduración. El máximo valor de NDVI ocurrió, en los tratamientos en la floración, demostrando tolerancia de la variedad al calor para la ocurrencia de esta fenofase. Tales resultados sugieren la factibilidad del uso de CIRNO C2008, como posible progenitor para programas de mejora genética ante el estrés térmico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress in plants trigger responses that affect phenology, physiology, metabolism, and in some cases modify genetic expression, causing variations on agronomic and industrial yield in crops such as wheat. Although not all species and varieties show similar responses to heat stress, monitoring the response of the available germplasm through physiological, biochemical and molecular indicators will allow to identify possible progenitors for genetic improvement, and to recommend tolerant genotypes to regionalize varieties. Given the imminence of climate change that includes significant increases of temperature in several regions where wheat is grown, it is necessary to assess its effects. An important step in this direction is to know the actual state of current research related to the heat stress response. In the present article some heat stress effects on wheat are described due to its importance for human and animal food, and its contributions to the international economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]