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1,2,3‐Triazole‐based ligands obtained through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) have been exploited in vast array of research domains owing to the stitching of simpler molecules through a needle of Cu(I) catalyst. The numerous reports on ion(s) detection capabilities of synthesized 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole ligands using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy are accessible. This review enlists substituted 1,2,3‐triazole‐based sensor probes, since 2010, synthesized selectively by CuAAC, having the ability to sense either a single ion or multiple ions under specific set of conditions along with their detection limits. The review also apprehends the different techniques and sensing mechanisms involved in the detection of ions by chemosensor probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the extensive terrain of catalytic procedures for the synthesis of organic molecules, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogenous catalysts have been investigated in a variety of chemical processes, including Friedel–Crafts reactions, condensation reactions, oxidations, and coupling reactions, and utilized owing to their specific properties such as high porosity, tuneability, extraordinary catalytic activity, and recyclability. The eminent copper-tailored MOF materials can be exceptionally dynamic and regioselective catalysts for click reactions (1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction). Considering the fact that Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions can be catalyzed by several other copper catalysts such as Cu (II)-β-cyclodextrin, Cu(OAc)2, Fe3O4@SiO2, picolinimidoamide–Cu(II) complex, and Cu(II) porphyrin graphene, the properties of sorption and reusability, as well as the high density of copper-MOFs, open an efficient and robust pathway for regimented catalysis of this reaction. This review provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the relevant literature on the utilization of Cu-MOFs as catalysts for CuAAC 'click' reactions published in the past decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Azomethine based 1,2,3 triazole was synthesized. • Cu(II) ion sensor. • Black tea analysis. A fluorescent azomethine-scaffolded-1,2,3-triazole linked chemosensor was synthesized utilizing alkyne and azidomethylbenzene via Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. The compounds (3 – 5 and L6) were analyzed using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GCMS–. The exploration of ion sensing ability of L6 complex, using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in ACN:H 2 O (4:1) medium resulted in detection of Cu(II) ions, exclusively. Further L6 -Cu(II) complex was characterized via FTIR, FE-SEM, LCMS and supported by DFT studies. A significant structural modification has rendered the current probe as highly selective for Cu2+ ions, with 'Turn-On' response. The chemical receptor (L6) establishes 1:1 molar ratio with Cu(II) ions with binding constant of 6.0 × 104 M−1 and excellent detection limit of 20 nM. In addition, the sensitive reversible behavior of probe (L6) with two chemical inputs (Cu2+ and EDTA) contributes to the construction of an INHIBIT logic circuit. The Copper ion detection was effectively monitored for real-world samples like Black Tea with precise quantification of Copper(II) ions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel conjugated schiff base linked 1,2,3 triazole has been developed. • Computational and experimental comparison of NMR (1H, 13C), IR data was evaluated. • Probe is effective chemosensor for detecting Pb(II) ions. A novel 1,2,3-triazole linked schiff base chemosensor was stitched via Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction with excellent yield, high selectivity, sensitivity and characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), NMR (1H and 13C), mass spectrometry (MS), CHN analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The developed chemosensor was investigated for it's optical properties using UV–visible and fluorescent spectroscopy. The detected limit of the synthesized probe was estimated 0.25 μM from fluorescence spectroscopy, which is particularly below the WHO guidelines. The binding stoichiometric (2:1) of ligand was confirmed by the job's plot and the binding constant was determined to be 4.1 × 106 M−1 and 1.4 × 105 M−1 from the B-H plot and the Stern-Volmer curve, respectively. These results establish the developed chemosensor as a potent probe for analytical and practical applications. The optimized geometrical structure of the probe (4) was run on Gaussian 09 program using DFT method with (B3LYP)/6–311G++(d,p) basis set of hybrid density functional theory. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The present research aims to synthesize Schiff base tethered 1,2,3-triazole derivative using Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction as a highly sensitive and selective optical chemosensor for the recognition of ferric ions. The synthesized probe was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), NMR (1H and 13C), mass spectrometry, CHN analysis, and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The UV–vis spectroscopy was employed in eco-friendly EtOH:H 2 O (9:1 v/v) solvent media to investigate the optical properties of the developed chemosensor SBT , the association constant and limit of detection of Fe3+ was determined to be 2.6 × 104 M- 1 and 1.3 × 10-7 M establishing the designed SBT as a potent probe for analytical and practical applications. Additionally, the time-dependent study and pH sensitivity of the developed probe SBT and metal–ligand complex were also studied via UV–visible spectroscopy. Besides, FTIR spectra and TGA curve of the synthesized (SBT -metal complex) confirmed the binding of the metal–ligand complex. Furthermore, the real sample application for detection of Fe3+ in spinach (food rich in Iron) was analysed, and the SBT -based sensing system yielded a recovery rate of greater than 99.07%. The synthesized probe was also explored for its computational-based DFT studies via Gaussian 09 programs using the DFT method with (B3LYP)/-311G (d,p) basis set of hybrid density functional theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • α-Naphtholbenzein based 1,2,3-triazole synthesis. • Characterization via IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. • UV–Vis spectroscopy for selective Cu(II) sensing. Present research work illustrates the 'Click' generation of 4-((1-((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methoxy) naphthalen-4-yl) (phenyl)methylene) naphthalen-1(4H)-one α-NBT , a heterocyclic compound analyzed as an optical chemosensor for the selective detection of Cu(II) ions. The molecule is synthesized by [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of α-naphtholbenzein based terminal alkyne 2 with 1-(azidomethyl) benzene 3 under Cu(I)-catalyzed conditions (CuAAC) and is further characterized for its structural components by various spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR (1H, 13C) and Mass spectrometry. Being having significant absorption in UV–Visible region, the receptor molecule α-NBT is analyzed for its chemosensing characteristics by UV–Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and found to be very selective towards Cu(II) ions among a range of metal ions including Na(I), K(I), Ba(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(I), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Th(IV) and Ce(III) in CH 3 CN:H 2 O (4:1, v/v) solvent system. From the recorded spectral responses with change in concentration of Cu(II) ions, the binding ratio of α-NBT :Cu(II) complexation is calculated as 2:1 with the limit of detection of Cu(II) ions as 3.12 µM and binding constant for ligand–metal interaction equal to 0.15 x 105 M−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of novel p-rosolic acid based 1,2,3-triazole appended derivative (PRT). • Characterization of the synthesized compound via IR spectroscopy, NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. • Study of ion recognition behavior of the 1,2,3-triazole derivative for Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) via UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. • Density functional theory (DFT) utilization to obtain energy-minimized structures of PRT and its metal complex. • Molecular docking analysis of PRT with interleukin (IL)-6. In this study, a novel photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based 1,2,3-triazole appended chemosensor probe (PRT) for the recognition of toxic heavy metal ions has been developed via Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), a quintessential example of 'click chemistry' for which the 2022 Nobel prize in chemistry was awarded to Prof. K.B. Sharpless, Prof. M. Meldal and Prof. C. Bertozzi. The synthesized probe was successfully characterized via IR spectroscopy, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry; and additionally demonstrated to selectively sense the highly toxic Hg(II), Pb(II), and the biologically essential Cr(III) ions via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The Job plot of PRT suggested the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 with the sensed metal ions, whereas the association constant values determined through Benesi-Hildebrand (B-H) equation indicated the strongest binding of PRT with Cr(III) followed by Pb(II) and Hg(II) respectively, even though the competitive metal ion titration revealed the selectivity of PRT for Pb(II) over the other metal ions. The density functional theory (DFT) approach as implemented in the Gaussian 09 package with B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) and B3LYP/LANL2DZ was used to perform geometry optimization and quantum chemical computations. Above and beyond, PRT was also docked with Interleukin (IL)-6 protein, thereby providing glimpses of its anti-inflammatory potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of two novel 1,2,3-triazole based ligands from maleic hydrazide as the starting material. • Characterization of synthesized compound using IR, NMR (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. • Study of ion recognition behavior of the triazoles towards Pb(II) and Cr(III) using UV–visible spectroscopy. The present report describes the application of versatile and stereospecific Copper(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction to synthesize two novel maleic hydrazide appended 1,2,3-triazole based chemosensors (5 and 6) as selective probes for Pb(II) and Cr(III) recognition. Maleic hydrazide is a plant growth regulator known to prevent cell division. The probes were characterized via IR, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry; and subsequently explored for their ion sensing behavior in DMSO as solvent media via UV–Vis spectroscopy. The probe 5 displayed peak at 312 nm accompanied by a smaller peak at 258 nm; whereas the probe 6 exhibited peaks at 274 nm, 284 nm and 294 nm. Furthermore, the association constants for probe 5 were determined to be 0.61×105 M −1 and 0.20×106 M −1 for Pb(II) and Cr(III) respectively; and for probe 6 the association constant values for Pb(II) and Cr(III) were 0.46×106 M −1 and 0.76×106 M −1 respectively. Structural optimization of both the probes was carried out using DFT with hybrid density functional (B3LYP)/6–311G++(d,p)basis set of theory and LANL2DZ basis set was utilized to optimize the representative 5 +metal complex. Subsequent docking analysis of 5 and 6 was carried out with leukotriene b4 via AutoDock Vina to get perceptions about their potential anti-inflammatory properties, wherein the binding energies of the probes 5 and 6 were observed to be -8.3 and -9.6 kcal/mol respectively. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of ampyrone based 1,2,3-triazole appended derivative (APT). • Characterization of the synthesized compound via spectroscopic techniques. • Ion sensing analysis of APT via UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. • DFT simulations to obtain energy-minimized structures of APT and APT-Cu(II) complex. • Molecular docking analysis of APT with synaptic vesicle protein (SV2A). The present report describes the application of the 'Click Chemistry' pathway to synthesize a fluorescent probe (APT) based on ampyrone (4-aminoantipyrine), entailing two benzyl groups as the fluorophores coupled to the antipyrine structure through 1,2,3-triazole moieties. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), and mass spectrometry were the standard spectroscopic methods used to characterize APT. The ion recognition potential of the probe was analyzed through absorption and emission spectroscopy employing a 4:1 combination of CH 3 CN and H 2 O, which demonstrated APT to be an efficient sensing agent for Cu(II) ions, wherein the absorption spectrum of the probe displayed a hypsochromic shift with a hyperchromic shift on gradually adding the metal ion solution of Cu(II), whereas quenching of the probe's fluorescence emission on Cu(II) addition was attributed to the chelation-enhanced fluorescence quenching (CHEQ), induced by the d9 electronic configuration of Cu(II). The stoichiometry of the complexation of APT with Cu(II) is indicative of a 1:1 ratio, while the detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) as estimated from the fluorescence titration results were 3.11 µM and 10.35 µM respectively. Furthermore, DFT analysis was also undertaken to yield the energy-optimized structures and HOMO-LUMO density plots of APT and its corresponding Cu(II) complex via the B3LYP/631G+(d,p) level of theory for APT, and LANL2DZ basis set for the APT-Cu(II) complex. Docking analysis of the probe with the synaptic vesicle protein (SV2A) gave glimpses about its anticonvulsant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole hybrid organosilanes as sensors for the detection of F- ions, antibacterial activity and molecular docking analysis in the active sites of DNA gyrase of S. aureus (5CPH). Further, the binding mode of compound 7a with F- was proven by Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. [Display omitted] • 1,2,3-triazole hybrid organosilanes have been synthesized and characterized. • Sensing behavior of the organosilanes were evaluated towards various ions. • The binding mode of compound 7a with F- was proven by DFT calculations. • The prepared compounds showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. • Molecular docking was performed for compound 7a with the active sites of 5CPH. Among various anions, fluoride is one of the most essential because of its use in the treatment of osteoporosis and dental care, but excessive use can have negative effects on human health. Owing to these reasons, the present study addresses the efficient synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole hybrid organosilanes achieved via a copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry followed by the condensation reaction. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The compounds 7a-7b showed high selectivity and sensitivity toward F- ions with limit of detection (LOD) of 1.11 × 10-6 M and 43 × 10-6 M respectively. The binding mode of compound 7a with F- was proven by Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The in vitro antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds 7a-7b against two gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains were determined, and the results exhibited good inhibitory activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Additionally, molecular docking study was carried out to look into the interaction between compound 7a and the active sites of the S. aureus DNA gyrase (5CPH). The docking results revealed the better affinity for protein with binding energy of −6.55 kcal/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]