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Objective: To determine the evolution that native corn has had in the municipality of Juchitepec, as well as to describe and analyze the strategies that peasants families are currently implementing for its use and conservation. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was carried out with 20 peasants in the municipality of Juchitepec, chosen from a random sample obtained from the register of the Producción para el Bienestar program. Additionally, a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, in order to identify the most important issues around corn in the region. Results: An elderly population was found (x=61), but with some young people working decisively in its production units. Seventy-five percent own less than 6 ha, mostly communal land property. Eighty-nine percent of the farmers interviewed continue to grow native corn. They achieve this by adapting their practices and knowledge to the soil and climate conditions of their plots, modifying, for example, the sowing date, the variety or species cultivated, and the place of cultivation. Seventeen percent grow hybrid corn. Two native varieties have recently been introduced as a strategy to obtain greater profitability: ancho and cacahuacintle. Some practices are being modified based on the equipment and the economic resources available, such as the "de dos" labor that only 50% of the farmers carry out. Eighty percent do not have agricultural equipment. The use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides is widespread. The sale of corn husks is an economically important activity. Peasants frequently exchange seeds, usually with other members of their own community. The Ozumba market represents a vitally important marketing channel for native corn. The guaranteed prices established in 2019 were low for this type of corn. Peasants are not formally organized for corn cultivation. Sixty-five percent consider themselves peasants. Study limitations/implications: The study of local agrarian systems with a focus on peasant strategies should contemplate acting under different circumstances, preferably in several work cycles, to better understand their adaptability. Findings/conclusions: Native corn survives in the region, preserved in a socio-productive system based on peasant knowledges, strategies and socio-technical practices that enable its reproduction and recreation. Peasant strategies for the cultivation and use of these corns strengthen their conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bikesharing helps citizens solve "the last mile" problem actively and healthily. However, these schemes tend to be located in the affluent and central areas of cities and often demand users to pay by credit or debit cards that are typically out of reach for poor groups, especially in developing countries. Consequently, bikesharing tends to reproduce existing inequalities in cities, leaving vulnerable groups and those living in poor areas with no option to ride bicycles. This study compares bikesharing users and ordinary cyclists from Santiago de Chile in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics, health status, transport-modal patterns, attitudes, and perceptions toward cycling and bikesharing infrastructure. In all, 1272 adult participants (569 bikesharing users and 703 ordinary cyclists, 63% males) responded to a 12-min survey in Santiago de Chile. The main findings show that bikesharing users reported higher educational levels and car ownership than ordinary cyclists, made shorter trips, and cycled less often than ordinary cyclists. However, using shared bikes permits them to comply with nearly 53% of their weekly physical activity recommendations, as nearly 40% of bikesharing trips would be otherwise made by car. Bikesharing users also tend to visit central areas of Santiago and rarely visit less central and affluent zones. • Bikesharing users have higher education levels than ordinary cyclists. • Cyclists perceive bikesharing schemes as having positive urban effects. • Bikesharing schemes operate in areas attracting high number of people. • Bikesharing users come and go to places less diverse than ordinary cyclists. • About 40% of bikesharing trips replaced trips otherwise made by cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the functioning of four recently installed open gyms—gyms installed on squares and green spaces that can be used free of charge by anyone—located in Providencia, a residential and commercial district of Santiago, Chile. Specifically, this research seeks to understand, among other questions, who uses these facilities, how often and for how long, as well as whether users were habitual exercisers prior to the installation of the gyms. The methodology used was twofold. The first study technique was to systematically observe the exercise areas between 7:00 am and 11:00 pm on four days (Wednesday and Saturday) in the months of December and August, corresponding respectively to summer and wintertime in the southern hemisphere. In addition, a survey was distributed to the 166 gym users asking, among other questions, how often they visited the gyms, for how long, if they did any other type of physical activity, and whether they were regular exercisers before the installation of these premises. The results showed that the gyms were very successful in prompting people to embrace physical activity, even those who were not regular exercisers. Moreover, the exercise facilities are contributing to the revitalization of the public spaces in which they are located. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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