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This paper investigates the relationships between Circular Economy, Circular City and Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse in terms of evaluation methods. Circular economy is the economy of natural bio eco/system that reduces entropy, increases resilience and stimulates cooperation between components (it starts from the search of efficiency, but it is based and it stimulates cooperation / synergies). It is the economy of co-evolution, co-operation, co-ordination of actions for a common interest. Circular city is the concept of city as a living complex dynamic circular system, cities able to self-organize, self-manage, self-govern themselves. Cultural Heritage is the memory itself of the urban living system; it is the heart of the city, its identity conserved over the centuries. This work is focused on the structuring of a systemic evaluation framework based on criteria and indicators to assess Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse impacts in the perspective of the Circular Economy. Pilot applications in Italian and Belgian case studies are presented.

The UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development - Goal 11 «inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities». Many reasons for not inclusive - not safe - not resilient - not sustainable cities. The city performances depend on geo-economic and technological factors butalso on cultural ones. «The culture as the center of sustainable development strategies» (Hangzou, 2013) o Here a CULTURAL CRISIS is considered. A CRISIS OF SENSE - MEANING.... that threats inclusion, resilience, sustainability. o New Urban Agenda Habitat III (NUA) is centred in particular on governance issues. Art. 124 -the role of CULTURE for makinginclusive, resilient and sustainable cities -CULTURE as the 4° pillar of SUSTAINABILITY. In the Agenda 2030 and in NUA cooperation, collaboration, synergies, partnerships - coproduction - cocreation - community... are very frequently evokedbut cooperation communities are still only niches (do-it-yourself, makers, fabbers, etc..): the current culture is not for inclusion, synergies, bonds.... o New Urban Agenda Habitat III - RESPONSIBILITYis evokedin many articles: for example 10, 58, 91, 95, 122, 125, 131 and CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY is evokedin 156 o Culture in the UNESCO Declaration of 2011 «...the way of life... values systems, traditions, arts...» o Here CULTURE is the CIVIC CULTURE, promoted by a SMART GOVERNANCE. Here SMART CHOICE as a RESPONSIBLE choice by public, private, civil actors.

This paper explores the concept of circular economy and how it can be applied to cultural heritage and landscape regeneration, stimulating the experimentation of new circular business, financing and governance models in heritage conservation. Abandoned and underused heritage represent a resource that can enhance territorial multidimensional productivity, producing economic, social and environmental value. To turn under-exploited heritage from a social cost into a resource for sustainable development, while restoring and safeguarding its cultural and historical values, new evaluation tools are required to produce evidence of the costs and benefits of conservation options. The paper provides an overview of evaluation tools for the assessment of the impacts of heritage regeneration, drawing a pathway for research on cultural and natural heritage as the driver of sustainable growth. Keywords: circular economy, cultural heritage, circular city, Bulletin of the Calza Bini Center, Vol 17, No 1 (2017): Circular City and Cultural Heritage Interplay

This paper investigates the relationships between Circular Economy, Circular City and Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse in terms of evaluation methods. Circular economy is the economy of natural bio eco/system that reduces entropy, increases resilience and stimulates cooperation between components (it starts from the search of efficiency, but it is based and it stimulates cooperation / synergies). It is the economy of co-evolution, co-operation, co-ordination of actions for a common interest. Circular city is the concept of city as a living complex dynamic circular system, cities able to self-organize, self-manage, self-govern themselves. Cultural Heritage is the memory itself of the urban living system; it is the heart of the city, its identity conserved over the centuries. This work is focused on the structuring of a systemic evaluation framework based on criteria and indicators to assess Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse impacts in the perspective of the Circular Economy. Pilot applications in Italian and Belgian case studies are presented.

Cultural heritage (CH) is considered a key element of cities and regions’ identity anduniqueness, contributing to people's wellbeing and health, as well as jobs creation, environmentalregeneration and place attractiveness. The adaptive reuse of abandoned and underused CH can be asustainable strategy for heritage conservation, stimulating local development processes. However,heritage conservation needs large investments, while the resources available are scarce, and invest-ment projects are subject to high uncertainties. Therefore, a careful assessment of impacts is neededto orient and direct CH adaptive reuse projects towards sustainability. Recent studies approach theadaptive reuse of abandoned buildings and sites as an effective circular economy strategy, potentiallycontributing to climate objectives through environmental regeneration and the reduction of naturalresources consumption. However, evaluation tools to assess the impacts and orient adaptive reuseinterventions in the perspective of circularity are lacking. Through the analysis of 76 literature sourceson CH impacts, this article explores how indicators are currently used in CH research and practice asimpact assessment tools. More than 3500 indicators were retrieved and classified. Finally, this articleproposes a comprehensive evaluation framework to assess the impacts of cultural heritage adaptivereuse in the perspective of the circular economy. The results show that, while some indicators areavailable, many circularity aspects are not considered in the current studies on CH impacts.

Cultural heritage (CH) is considered a key element of cities and regions’ identity anduniqueness, contributing to people's wellbeing and health, as well as jobs creation, environmentalregeneration and place attractiveness. The adaptive reuse of abandoned and underused CH can be asustainable strategy for heritage conservation, stimulating local development processes. However,heritage conservation needs large investments, while the resources available are scarce, and invest-ment projects are subject to high uncertainties. Therefore, a careful assessment of impacts is neededto orient and direct CH adaptive reuse projects towards sustainability. Recent studies approach theadaptive reuse of abandoned buildings and sites as an effective circular economy strategy, potentiallycontributing to climate objectives through environmental regeneration and the reduction of naturalresources consumption. However, evaluation tools to assess the impacts and orient adaptive reuseinterventions in the perspective of circularity are lacking. Through the analysis of 76 literature sourceson CH impacts, this article explores how indicators are currently used in CH research and practice asimpact assessment tools. More than 3500 indicators were retrieved and classified. Finally, this articleproposes a comprehensive evaluation framework to assess the impacts of cultural heritage adaptivereuse in the perspective of the circular economy. The results show that, while some indicators areavailable, many circularity aspects are not considered in the current studies on CH impacts.&nbsp

Cultural heritage (CH) is considered a key element of cities and regions’ identity anduniqueness, contributing to people's wellbeing and health, as well as jobs creation, environmentalregeneration and place attractiveness. The adaptive reuse of abandoned and underused CH can be asustainable strategy for heritage conservation, stimulating local development processes. However,heritage conservation needs large investments, while the resources available are scarce, and invest-ment projects are subject to high uncertainties. Therefore, a careful assessment of impacts is neededto orient and direct CH adaptive reuse projects towards sustainability. Recent studies approach theadaptive reuse of abandoned buildings and sites as an effective circular economy strategy, potentiallycontributing to climate objectives through environmental regeneration and the reduction of naturalresources consumption. However, evaluation tools to assess the impacts and orient adaptive reuseinterventions in the perspective of circularity are lacking. Through the analysis of 76 literature sourceson CH impacts, this article explores how indicators are currently used in CH research and practice asimpact assessment tools. More than 3500 indicators were retrieved and classified. Finally, this articleproposes a comprehensive evaluation framework to assess the impacts of cultural heritage adaptivereuse in the perspective of the circular economy. The results show that, while some indicators areavailable, many circularity aspects are not considered in the current studies on CH impacts.

This paper investigates the relationships between Circular Economy, Circular City and Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse in terms of evaluation methods. Circular economy is the economy of natural bio eco/system that reduces entropy, increases resilience and stimulates cooperation between components (it starts from the search of efficiency, but it is based and it stimulates cooperation / synergies). It is the economy of co-evolution, co-operation, co-ordination of actions for a common interest. Circular city is the concept of city as a living complex dynamic circular system, cities able to self-organize, self-manage, self-govern themselves. Cultural Heritage is the memory itself of the urban living system; it is the heart of the city, its identity conserved over the centuries. This work is focused on the structuring of a systemic evaluation framework based on criteria and indicators to assess Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse impacts in the perspective of the Circular Economy. Pilot applications in Italian and Belgian case studies are presented.

The circular city is emerging as new concept and form of practice in sustainable urban development. This is a response to the complex and pressing challenges of urbanization, as highlighted in the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The concept of a &ldquo, circular city&rdquo, or &ldquo, circular city-region&rdquo, derives from the circular economy model applied in the spatial territorial dimension. It can be associated with the concept of a &ldquo, self-sustainable&rdquo, regenerative city, as stated in paragraph n.71 of the NUA. This paper aims to develop an extensive form of &ldquo, screening&rdquo, of circular economy actions in emerging circular cities, focusing on eight European historic port cities self-defined as &ldquo, circular&rdquo, The analysis is carried out as a review of circular economy actions in the selected cities, and specifically aims to identify the key areas of implementation in which the investments in the circular economy are more oriented, as well as to analyze the spatial implications of the reuse of buildings and sites, proposing a set of criteria and indicators for ex-ante and ex-post evaluations and monitoring of circular cities. Results show that the built environment (including cultural heritage), energy and mobility, waste management, water management, industrial production (including plastics, textiles, and industry 4.0 and circular design), agri-food, and citizens and communities can be adopted as strategic areas of implementation of the circular city model in historic cities, highlighting a lack of indicators in some sectors and identifying a possible framework for &ldquo, closed&rdquo, urban metabolism evaluation from a life-cycle perspective, focusing on evaluation criteria and indicators in the (historic) built environment.

As the world continues to urbanize, identifying and implementing new urban development models and strategies is necessary to face sustainable development challenges. To this end, the circular economy model can be implemented in cities in order to operationalize and achieve human sustainable development managing simultaneously, in a systemic perspective, the social inequalities issue and the ecological and economic crisis. Today there are many cities that are defining themselves as a &ldquo, circular city&rdquo, but, to date, a clear definition of this does not exist. In the transition towards the circular city, tools (such as evaluation, governance, financial, business tools) play a fundamental role. The aim of this paper is (after an analysis of the concept of the circular city and its implementation, starting from literature, official documents and reports) to identify and analyze tools for implementing the circular city model. In particular, a set of indicators to assess (positive and/or negative) impacts of projects and initiatives of the circular city agenda is identified.