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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the levels and influencing factors of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses. Background: Intensive care unit nurses have a high mental workload level. To our knowledge, no meta‐analytic research investigating the levels of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses and related factors has yet been performed. Design: This article is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: Eleven electronic databases were searched from the database setup dates until 31 December 2022. The research team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions and analysis of all included studies. The PRISMA guideline was used to guide reportage of the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Results: Seventeen studies were included. In these studies, the pooled mean score of mental workload was 68.07 (95%CI:64.39–71.75). Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that intensive care unit nurses' mental workload differed significantly by countries, sample size and publication year. The mental workload influential factors considered were demographic, work‐related and psychological factors. Conclusion: Hospital administrators should develop interventions to reduce mental workload to enhance the mental health of intensive care unit nurses and nursing care quality. Hospital managers should pay attention to the mental health of nurses and guide them to correctly relieve occupational stress and reduce mental workload. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The prevalence of mental workload among ICU nurses is higher than in other departments in hospital.There are no published systematic review and meta‐analysis studies that synthesize the current evidence. What this paper adds? This review estimated overall mental workload scores, which indicated that ICU nurses have a high level of mental workload.The levels of mental workload among ICU nurses may be influenced by multiple factors, classified for this review in terms of demographic, work‐related and psychological factors. The implications of this paper: Demographic, work‐related and psychological variables should be taken into account in developing comprehensive interventions to reduce nurses' mental workload.Similar meta‐analyses in the future can evaluate other healthcare workers and those in other regions to determine in what departments the level of mental workload is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the effects of collaborative health management of congestive heart failure through the rigorous evaluation and extraction of evidence. Background: Over the past two decades, cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death worldwide. Multidisciplinary team intervention for congestive heart failure has increased with population ageing and congestive heart failure incidence rate as well as cost of care. However, the effectiveness and feasibility of collaborative health management need to be explored. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: We conducted systematic literature searches in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL and Medline for articles published between 2002 and 2022. After screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were included in a rigorous review and evidence extraction process, evaluated methodological quality using the Jadad Quality Scale. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using Review Manager (RevMan Version 5.4) for the meta‐analysis. Results: In this study, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed on 13 studies regarding the collaborative health management of people with congestive heart failure. The common result is that the collaborative health management model enables the enhancement of self‐care and monitoring abilities, the strengthening of cardiac function, the alleviation of physiological and psychological symptoms and the improvement of readmission rates, mortality rate and quality of life. Conclusion: The congestive heart failure collaborative health management model could decrease the hospitalization rate related to congestive heart failure, all‐cause mortality rate, and all‐cause hospitalization rate, and improve the quality of life. Implications for Practice: The collaborative health management model could effectively coordinate interdisciplinary team cooperation and provide information, which decreases hospitalization and mortality risks and improves their quality of life. No patient or Public Contribution: Our paper is a systematic review and meta‐analysis, and such details do not apply to our work. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?: The Collaborative Health Management Model provides in‐depth insights, aiding in the design tailored to the specific circumstances of each country. Highlighting its critical role in the context of a global shortage of nursing staff, the model emphasizes the integration of multidisciplinary professional roles and the strengthening of collaboration as essential elements in addressing challenges posed by workforce shortages.Implementation of the Collaborative Health Management Model not only enhances patient care outcomes but also relieves pressure on healthcare systems, lowers medical costs, and addresses challenges arising from the shortage of nursing staff. Consequently, this model not only contributes to individual patient care improvement but also holds broader implications for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of global healthcare systems. Trial and Protocol Registration: The detailed study protocol can be found on the PROSPERO website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high incidence of malnutrition in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery can lead to unplanned weight loss, sarcopenia and reduced grip strength to the extent that it can seriously affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Objective: This study investigated the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on the prevalence of grip strength, unplanned weight loss and sarcopenia in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: We systematically searched randomized controlled studies from CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan‐Fang database, VIP database) from database creation to September 2023. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the five GRADE criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software, and information that could not be meta‐analysed was reviewed in the form of a literature summary. Results: Eleven papers met the inclusion criteria with a combined sample size of 1070 cases, including 532 cases in the trial group and 538 cases in the control group. Four papers reported the effect of ONS on grip strength and included very low‐quality evidence supporting no effect of ONS on grip strength. Ten studies reported the effect of ONS on body weight and body mass index (BMI) and included very low‐quality evidence supporting a positive ONS on weight and BMI changes. Meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in weight loss (12–15 weeks) and BMI loss (12–15 weeks) in patients with colorectal cancer in the ONS group. The effect of ONS on the prevalence of sarcopenia after hospital discharge was reported in two studies, and meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients in the ONS group, but the quality of evidence was low. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of ONS in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer improved patient weight loss and BMI reduction and reduced the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia but did not improve patient grip strength. The quality of evidence for inclusion in the article was low or very low, and further studies are needed to provide better evidence. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Some guidelines recommend the use of oral nutritional supplements in the perioperative and postoperative phases for patients with colorectal cancer.Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the ability of oral nutritional supplements to improve weight and BMI and reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia in cancer patients. What this paper adds? For the first time, a systematic review was conducted using the malnutrition diagnostic criteria recommended by the Global Malnutrition Leadership Initiative consensus published in 2019, with unplanned weight loss, BMI change, prevalence of sarcopenia and grip strength as outcome indicators.Oral nutritional supplements reduce the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer but do not improve patients' grip strength. The implications of this paper: This study adds to the existing evidence for the use of oral nutritional supplements in perioperative and postoperative follow‐up periods for colorectal cancer.Nursing and other healthcare professionals should use evidence of the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements to improve nutritional support for patients with colorectal cancer in the perioperative and postoperative periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aim to analyse the effect of menthol on thirst intensity and thirst comfort in surgical patients. Background: Menthol has achieved good results in quenching thirst in patients in intensive care units, but its safety and reliability in perioperative fasting patients are unknown. Design: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of intervention studies was performed. Data Sources: We used Chinese and English databases from their dates of inception to May 2022. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINHAL, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database. Review Methods: Two reviewers independently examined the records according to the eligibility criteria and extracted the data of each included study. Results: A total of seven studies were identified in this review, which included 537 surgical patients. Overall, menthol reduced thirst intensity in surgical patients and decreased thirst discomfort. Further subgroup analysis revealed that the menthol intervention significantly improved thirst intensity in surgical patients during preoperative and postoperative fasting periods. The Egger's tests showed no significant bias (p = 0.113 and 0.553, thirst intensity and thirst discomfort, respectively). Conclusion: Menthol intervention effectively improved thirst intensity and thirst discomfort during fasting in surgical patients, but more large‐scale, multicentre randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings further. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Thirst is a common symptom of discomfort during fasting in surgical patients.Thirst in surgical patients is an underappreciated, unmeasured and undertreated symptom. What this paper adds? It is safe and feasible to administer menthol immediately after surgery to patients undergoing surgery.Menthol intervention during fasting in surgical patients can significantly reduce thirst intensity and improve thirst discomfort.More high‐quality trials are essential to explore optimal menthol interventions during fasting in surgical patients. The implications of this paper Menthol provides a safe and effective thirst‐quenching method for perioperative fasting in surgical patients.Menthol reduces thirst intensity and thirst discomfort in surgical patients postoperative fasting periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aims to assess the effect of comprehensive nursing care on liver cancer patients undergoing interventional therapy in China. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing the effect of comprehensive nursing care against standard care on liver cancer patients undergoing specific interventional therapies in China, including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL till June 2023. Data synthesis was conducted using a random‐effects model and reported as pooled odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: Ten Chinese studies with 1682 participants were evaluated. Comprehensive nursing care significantly enhanced patient outcomes in liver cancer treatment. Quality of life improved markedly (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.41). Notable reductions were observed in anxiety (MD: −8.96, 95% CI: −11.52 to −6.40) and depression (MD: −9.47, 95% CI: −11.79 to −7.14). Patients also experienced increased physical (SMD: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.15–2.25), social (SMD: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.14–2.16) and activity scores (SMD: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.49–2.39), alongside a decrease in post‐treatment complications (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.21–0.37), demonstrating the multifaceted benefits of comprehensive care. Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing care may improve patient outcomes in liver cancer treatment, offering potential benefits in reducing the side effects of interventional therapy. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Liver cancer patients undergoing interventional therapy often experience significant physical and psychological challenges.Comprehensive nursing care has been hypothesized to offer potential benefits in addressing these challenges.There is limited evidence on the exact impacts of comprehensive nursing care on these patients, leading to knowledge gaps in its applicability and efficacy. What this paper adds? This review demonstrates that comprehensive nursing care can lead to significant improvements in the quality of life for liver cancer patients in China.This review provides evidence that comprehensive care reduces levels of anxiety and depression in these patients.This review shows that this approach boosts physical, social function and activity scores while also reducing post‐treatment complications. The implications of this paper: This paper suggests integrating comprehensive nursing care as a standard practice, given its potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.This research emphasizes the importance of equipping oncology nurses with comprehensive care skills and expanding their roles to ensure optimal patient outcomes.Despite promising results, there is a need for further high‐quality, randomized controlled trials to confirm these findings and delve deeper into other potential benefits and best practices of comprehensive nursing care for liver cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The primary aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to evaluate the effects of home nurse visiting on infant weight and breastfeeding; the secondary aim is to determine the duration, frequency and content of home visits. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, Google Scholar and DergiPark databases for publications between September 2000 and January 2019 was conducted using established methods in compliance with the PRISMA‐P declaration guideline. Two authors independently evaluated the studies for inclusion and bias, extracted the data and checked their accuracy. Results: This meta‐analysis includes a total of 34 studies, 28 on breastfeeding and nine on infant weight. The average effect size of the 28 studies investigating the effect on breastfeeding was found to be OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.73–2.90; p < 0.001. The average effect size of the nine studies investigating the effect on infant weight was found to be ES: 0.197; 95% CI: 0.027–0.368; p < 0.05. Conclusion: There is an association between nurse home visits and breastfeeding and infant weight. Home visits by nurses should continue to remain within the nursing role and be analysed appropriately for mother and baby health. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Two of the most important factors affecting infant morbidity and mortality are infant weight and breastfeeding.Although breastfeeding has numerous benefits for the baby, breastfeeding rates are decreasing in the world and in Turkey. Breastfeeding improves infant health and supports development.One of the factors that negatively affects infant health is low or below expected body weight. Inadequate weight gain will in turn negatively affect the healthy growth of the baby.It has been found that care, education and support related to breastfeeding and infant weight improve outcomes for babies and their mothers but there is no evidence that home visitation is an effective way to deliver this care. What this paper adds? Review results indicate home visits have a significant effect on improving infant health. A positive effect was detected between nurse home visits and breastfeeding and infant weight. The implications of this paper: Home visits should be presented and analysed appropriately for the mother and baby's health.Education, care and support during home visits help mothers breastfeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disability is typically correlated with lower quality of life and decreased capacity for self-care. It has been demonstrated that multimorbidity is closely linked to a variety of unfavorable events, such as disability. Researchers are still figuring out how and to what extent co-morbidities impact disability, though. In order to fill up this gap, this study examines the prevalence and contributing variables of disability in older patients who have multimorbidity. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAL databases for articles from their inception until September 2023. We selected co-morbid older adults aged > 60 years and used the ADL scale or any scale that assesses disability as an assessment tool. We excluded literature that did not meet the criteria, and literature that could not be included in the data we needed. We extracted data from the included literature and calculated synthetic prevalence rates, ORs, and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 32 papers (71,135 older adults) were included in the study. The prevalence of disability among older patients with multimorbidity was around 34.9% (95% CI = 25.8-43.9%). Subgroup analysis showed higher rates of disability among comorbidities who were older, female, unmarried, and long-term users of health services. And the incidence of disability increased each year. Meanwhile, the regions of the United States, China, and Spain showed higher rates of disability. Conclusions: Disability rates in older patients with multimorbidity are higher, thus it's critical to focus on risk factors while fully accounting for regional variances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Ethiopia has made significant efforts to enhance family planning services despite variations in the community's use of modern contraception in different parts of the country. Various studies have reported the proportion and determinant factors of adolescents' contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia. These studies are not consistent in terms of size, scope, and geographic coverage, and the results need to be systematically collated to inform policies. Therefore, this review was aimed at analyzing the findings of those primary studies to obtain more representative evidence of adolescents' contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia. Methods. Five databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL) were searched for papers published from January 2000 up to June 2022 in English. Of thirty eligible studies, eight papers were included in this meta-analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated by the forest plot and inconsistency index ( I 2 ). A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of adolescents' contraceptive uptake. Results. The overall pooled proportion of adolescents' contraceptive uptake was 40% ( I 2 = 99.70 , p ≤ 0.001 ; 95 % CI = 19 , 61). Adolescents' usage of contraception was influenced by a number of factors: individual-, sociocultural-, knowledge- (about contraceptive methods), and healthcare service-related factors. Individual-related factors include the educational status of adolescents, being of young age, and the income status of adolescents' families. Sociocultural-related factors comprise discussion with the family/relatives, parent disapproval and pressure from partners, and being married or having a partner. Healthcare service-related factors include the availability of youth clubs and inconvenient service hours for SRH services. Knowing contraceptive methods and SRH services was also positively associated with adolescents' contraceptive utilization. Conclusions. The proportion of adolescents who used contraception in Ethiopia was 40%. Adolescents' use of contraceptives was influenced by a variety of factors: individual-, sociocultural-, healthcare-, and knowledge-related factors. Hence, integrated interventions targeted at tackling barriers to contraceptive uptake may be helpful to improve adolescents' contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrequency of sudden deaths in infancy and childhood means that professionals have limited exposure, making it difficult to gain experience and feel confident in their role. This meta-synthesis aims to synthesise qualitative research on the experience of professionals responding to cases of sudden or unexpected death. A systematic literature search was conducted using Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, Embase, psycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science, identifying ten papers for inclusion. Studies were appraised and synthesized using the principles of meta-synthesis. Four superordinate themes were identified: perceptions of role, experience on scene, approaches to coping, and barriers to support. Findings suggest the way responders perceive their role and their experience on scene affect the approach taken to tasks and coping strategies used. The complexity of experience is often not acknowledged by responders or their colleagues. Experiences are compounded by cumulative factors which were expressed by different professional groups and across settings. Several barriers relating to workforce culture within organisations were identified, alongside the implications these have on staff wellbeing and the impact on bereaved families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: The use of chemical restraint in emergency situations is to control aggression or violence to protect consumers and staff and is to be used as a last resort when all other behavioural control alternatives have been exhausted.Chemical restraint involves the use of medication. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This is the first paper to systematically review the prevalence of the use of chemical restraint.The use of chemical restraint is common across emergency departments and acute psychiatric inpatient units worldwide.Consumers who are restrained are also likely to receive chemical restraint.The studies reviewed demonstrate that there is a need for more standardized data collection so that clearer comparisons can be made between healthcare settings and countries. What are the implications for practice?: Implications of practice include the need to report adverse events post‐chemical restraint as these can deleteriously affect a person's physical health.Identification of and staff education about first‐line management techniques before chemical restraint is administered are significant to reduce its use. Introduction: Chemical restraint is used to manage uncontrolled aggression, agitation or violent behaviours of consumers with mental health disorders admitted to acute psychiatric or emergency settings. Aim: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the international prevalence of chemical restraint for non‐consenting adults. Method: PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for peer‐reviewed literature published between January 1996 and July 2018. This paper reports on data extracted from retrospective audits of chemical restraint practice. Results: Forty‐eight papers were included. The median prevalence of use of any restraint was 21.2% (25th% 8.0 to 75th% 36.3). Median prevalence of people who were chemically restrained, of all people restrained in any manner, was 43.1% (25th% 22.9% to 75th% 70.7%). Of all people admitted to facility(ies), the median prevalence of chemical restraint was 7.4% (25th% 2.7 to 75th% 17.6). There was no statistically significant difference in any prevalence measure considering healthcare setting or country. There was a significant decrease over the review period in the use of any restraint, including chemical restraint. Discussion and implications for practice: This is the first known comprehensive meta‐view of chemical restraint use worldwide, highlighting the need for standardized data collection to enable comparisons between healthcare settings and countries. Relevance statement: There is an international imperative to reduce or eliminate the use of coercive practices, such as physical and chemical restraint, in mental health care. This study provides important information for mental health nursing by synthesizing the international prevalence of chemical restraint for non‐consenting adults. This meta‐view of the worldwide use of chemical restraint can inform ongoing efforts to reduce its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: People following a vegetarian diet could be more prone to oral health problems than people following a nonvegetarian diet. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the possible impacts of following a vegetarian diet on dental hard tissues, focusing on caries development, dental erosion and number of natural teeth. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched systematically up until 17 April 2019. Original studies comparing dental health (exclusively focusing on dental hard tissues) in vegetarians and nonvegetarians were selected. Study characteristics and outcome data were extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. When a dental health characteristic was reported in three or more papers in a comparable way, a meta‐analysis was performed. Results: Twenty‐one papers reporting on 18 studies were included in this review. In meta‐analyses, the vegetarian diet was associated with a higher risk for dental erosion (odds ratio: 2.40 [95% confidence interval: 1.24, 4.66]; P =.009) and a lower decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score (mean difference: −0.15 [95% confidence interval: −0.29, −0.02]; P =.023), although the quality of most included studies was poor and the findings for DMFT score became insignificant when only studies on adults were included in the meta‐analysis. A meta‐analysis for the other dental characteristics was not possible due to the limited number of eligible studies. There was inconsistent evidence for a link between following a vegetarian diet and dental caries or the number of natural teeth. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, the findings suggest that following a vegetarian diet may be associated with a greater risk of dental erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhoea is common in enterally fed patients and can impact their nutritional and overall outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates the potential benefits of fibre-supplemented (FS) feeds on incidence of diarrhoea and stool frequency in non-critically ill tube-fed adults. Databases including PubMed, Embase and CINAHL with full text were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) with adults on exclusive tube feeding, published until August 2022. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used for quality assessment. Studies with published results on incidence of diarrhoea and stool frequency were analysed using RevMan 5. Thirteen RCT with 847 non-critically ill patients between 20 and 90 years old without diarrhoea at the onset of enteral feeding were included. Study duration ranged from 3 to 35 d. Nine papers investigated the incidence of diarrhoea where intervention group was given FS and control was given non-fibre-supplemented (NFS) enteral feeds. Those receiving FS feeds were significantly less likely to experience diarrhoea as compared with those using NFS feeds (OR 0·44; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·95; P = 0·04; I2 = 71 %). Combined analysis showed no differences in stool frequency in those receiving NFS feeds (SMD 0·32; 95 % CI −0·53, 1·16; P = 0·47; I2 = 90 %). Results should be interpreted with caution due to considerable heterogeneity between study population, assessment tool for diarrhoea, potential conflict of interest and short duration of studies. This meta-analysis shows that FS feeds can reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in non-critically ill adults; however, the effects of stool frequency remain debatable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess if experimental warming interventions are superior to routine warming interventions in preventing perioperative hypothermia. Background: Perioperative hypothermia is a critical issue for the complications of surgery. There are various kinds of perioperative warming interventions, including experimental and routine warming interventions. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis for the randomized clinical trials of experimental warming interventions vs. routine warming interventions in the perioperative period. Findings: A total of 15 studies were included with 983 participants allocated to experimental warming interventions and 939 controls with routine warming interventions, who were receiving a variety of surgeries. The focused outcome was the intraoperative and postoperative body temperature. All included studies were randomized clinical trials. Among the participants receiving operations, the meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures compared to the experimental warming groups. The meta‐analysis results included positive mean differences, significant tests for overall effect and significant heterogeneity in the random‐effects model. Conclusions: In spite of significant heterogeneity, experimental warming interventions are likely to demonstrate superior warming effects when compared to routine warming interventions, as shown by the current meta‐analysis results of randomized clinical trials. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Perioperative hypothermia is a significant factor for prognosis within and after surgery.The difference between experimental and routine nursing interventions for maintaining intraoperative and postoperative body temperature was unknown. What this paper adds? The meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures when compared to experimental warming groups. The implications of this paper: Experimental warming interventions might be associated with superior warming effects.The heterogeneity of surgery type and experimental warming methods might limit the interpretation of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions in alleviating psychological distress in cancer patients. Background: Cancer patients suffer tremendous psycho‐spiritual pain, which affects their quality of life. Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions have demonstrated positive effects on the mental health of cancer patients; however, the efficacy of these interventions has been inconsistent. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were systematically searched from inception to 27 November 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Results: Twenty studies involving 1744 cancer participants were included. The meta‐analysis showed statistically significant effects of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions on hope, anxiety and depression at post‐intervention. A separate analysis revealed that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions had a sustainable effect on hope, spiritual well‐being, anxiety and depression at 1 month after the intervention. However, no statistically significant effect on quality of life was found in our study either immediately after the intervention or at 1 month. Conclusions: Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions can significantly reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms and improve hope and spiritual well‐being in cancer patients. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study further supports that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions should be incorporated into the routine care of cancer patients to address their psychosocial distress. Patient or Public Contribution: All authors of this article contributed to the study conception and design. All authors of the included studies provided original data for this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess all published studies which describe what happens to the delivery of pressure ulcer/injury (PI/PU) care pathways as a result of detecting raised sub‐epidermal moisture (SEM) delta (∆ ≥ 0.6). We undertook a systematic review of the literature, and included original research studies using either a prospective or retrospective study design that report the impact that assessment using SEM assessments have on healthcare practitioners' delivery of PI/PU care pathways in adults at risk of developing PI/PUs. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023416975). A literature search was conducted in May 2023, using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science and Science Direct databases. Data were extracted using a data extraction tool including elements such as country, setting, sample size, intervention, control and quality appraisal was undertaken using the Evidence‐based Librarianship. We identified nine papers published between 2017 and 2022. The majority of these studies were conducted in England (n = 6; 67%). The systematic review included studies conducted across multiple care settings including acute care, medical‐surgical units, and palliative care, highlighting the importance of PI/PU prevention and management across diverse patient populations. The PI/PU care pathways implemented in the studies varied, but commonly included elements such as the application or increased use of pressure‐redistributing mattresses/cushions, implementation of repositioning plans, management of incontinence and moisture, regular skin inspection, and assessment of patient mobility. Out of the nine studies identified, seven reported PI/PU incidence. A meta‐analysis of seven studies (N = 18 451) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in visual PI/PU development in favour of SEM‐guided care pathways compared to usual care (the odds ratio = 0.36 [95% confidence interval: 0.24–0.53, p < 0.00001]). This systematic review provides evidence that implementing SEM assessments in patients at risk of developing PI/PUs prompts anatomy‐specific clinical actions. The subsequent implementation of enhanced and targeted skin care interventions leads to consistent and sustained reductions in hospital‐acquired PU incidence. The findings emphasise the importance of incorporating SEM assessments as part of comprehensive PI/PU prevention strategies in all care settings and patient populations. This systematic review is limited by the predominance of observational studies and variable study quality. Future research should focus on randomised trials in different care settings that monitor the efficacy of preventive interventions and their impact in reducing PI/PU incidence when implemented based on SEM assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to determine the overall levels and related factors of mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool among nurses. Background: Mental workload is a key element that affects nursing performance. However, there exists no review regarding mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool, focusing on nurses. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Weipu and WanFang databases were searched from 1 January 1998 to 30 February 2022. Review Methods: Following the PRISMA statement recommendations, review methods resulted in 31 quantitative studies retained for inclusion which were evaluated with the evaluation criteria for observational studies as recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data were pooled and a random‐effects meta‐analysis conducted. Results: Findings showed the pooled mental workload score was 65.24, and the pooled prevalence of high mental workload was 54%. Subgroup analysis indicated nurses in developing countries and emergency departments experienced higher mental workloads, and the mental workloads of front‐line nurses increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion: These findings highlight that nurses experience high mental workloads as assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool and there is an urgent need to explore interventions to decrease their mental workloads. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? Mental workload is a key element that can affect nursing performance and patient safety outcomes.Nursing is a stressful occupation, and nurses are at risk for high levels of mental workload. What this paper adds? The review, which involved 31 studies and 16,189 nurses around the world, found that nurses experienced high mental workloads, and identified several factors that contributed to their mental workload.This meta‐analysis identified trends indicating that that nurses from developing countries and those working in emergency departments may suffer higher mental workloads. The implications of this paper: Systematic evaluation of nurses' mental workload is important because it significantly affects nurses' work performance.Due to high heterogeneity, the findings should be considered with caution, and more high‐quality studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To critically synthesize the empirical literature on practice in transitional care and how to meet the care needs of older ethnic minority populations who discharged from hospital to community. Design: An integrative literature review integrating empirical studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EBSCO (including CINAHL and MEDLINE) and Scopus were searched for papers published between 2012 and September 2022. Review Methods: Full‐text papers were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria subsequent to screening titles and abstracts. All included papers were evaluated for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklists. After extracting findings, themes were created by critically examining and synthesizing of findings. Results: The search yielded a total of 1180 studies, 1153 after removing duplicates and 27 papers meeting the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were included in the review. The main findings were categorized into four themes: (i) intervention‐related outcomes; (ii) unmet needs of older minority people; (iii) transitional care–related characteristics of older minority people and (iv) challenges for healthcare providers. Findings indicated that the transitional care experience of ethnic minority older populations differed from natives to some extent which revealed unmet needs addressing how to provide culturally appropriate transitional care for this population. Conclusion: This review gave insight into facilitators in the transitional care of ethnic minority older adults. Future transitional care interventions should incorporate needs of ethnic minority population. Impact: This review highlighted the defined gaps between existing transitional care programmes and transitional care needs of older ethnic minority. Increasing follow‐up completion, evidence defining deeply of ethnic phenomenon in the transitional care process, developing interventions that meet transitional care needs and increasing healthcare providers' cultural competency were featured headlines. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. Methods: Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023. Studies were included if total and/or occupational SB were assessed. Only studies that reported pre- and postintervention mean differences and standard deviations or standard errors for both intervention arms were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields QUALSYST tool. Results: Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The most employed digital elements were information delivery and mediated organisational support and social influences. Multicomponent, information, and counselling interventions measuring total and/or occupational/nonoccupational SB time by self-report or via device-based measures were reported. Multicomponent interventions were the most represented. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, which presented a reduction of 29.9 (95% CI: -45.2, -14.5) min/8 h workday in SB (overall effect: Z = 3.81). Conclusions: Multicomponent interventions, using a wide range of digital features, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing time spent in SB at the workplace among desk-based employees. However, due to hybrid work (i.e., work in the office and home) being a customary mode of work for many employees, it is important for future studies to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in the evolving work landscape. Trial registration: The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42022377366). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Nurses often encounter traumatic events in their clinical practice.Trauma can have both negative effects, such as post‐traumatic stress disorder and positive effects, such as growth and positive emotions.Posttraumatic growth is beneficial for nurses, as it contributes to positive mental health outcomes and increases life satisfaction. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Our study confirms that nurses commonly experience posttraumatic growth after being exposed to traumatic events, and the level of growth is moderate.We have identified individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors that may influence the occurrence of posttraumatic growth among nurses. What are the implications for practice?: Our findings provide valuable insights for interventions aimed at promoting posttraumatic growth among nurses. It is crucial to consider individual factors, work‐related factors, and social and organizational factors when designing these interventions. By addressing these factors, healthcare professionals can support nurses in coping with trauma and facilitate their posttraumatic growth. Introduction: While the negative effects of trauma on nurses have been well‐documented, it is equally important to focus on ways to promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) among nurses. Aim: This study aims to explore the levels and related factors of PTG among nurses. Method: A comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases up to 26 December 2022. The pooled mean score for PTG was calculated and presented with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were performed to identify potential moderators of PTG among nurses. Results: A total of 55 studies, involving 35,621 nurses from 11 countries and regions, were included in this review. The pooled scores of the PTG indicated that nurses experienced a moderate level of PTG (55.69, 95% CI: 50.67–60.72). Discussion: Nurses commonly experience PTG following exposure to traumatic events, with a moderate level of PTG. Our systematic review highlights the potential determinants of PTG among nurses, including individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors. Implications for Practice: Targeting these factors in interventions can provide nurses with the necessary resources and support to effectively cope with stress and trauma, and potentially facilitate PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Situations involving increased workloads and stress (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic) underline the need for healthcare professionals to minimize patient complications. In the field of vascular access, tunneling techniques are a possible solution. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of tunneled Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (tPICCs) to conventional Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (cPICCs) in terms of bleeding, overall success, procedural time, and late complications. Methods: Randomized controlled trials without language restrictions were searched using PUBMED®, EMBASE®, EBSCO®, CINAHL®, and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register from August 2022 to August 2023. Five relevant papers (1238 patients) were included. Results: There were no significant differences in overall success and nerve or artery injuries between the two groups (p = 0.62 and p = 0.62, respectively), although cPICCs caused slightly less bleeding (0.23 mL) and had shorter procedural times (2.95 min). On the other hand, tPICCs had a significantly reduced risk of overall complications (p < 0.001; RR0.41 [0.31–0.54] CI 95%), catheter-related thrombosis (p < 0.001; RR0.35 [0.20–0.59] IC 95%), infection-triggering catheter removal (p < 0.001; RR0.33 [0.18–0.61] IC 95%), wound oozing (p < 0.001; RR0.49 [0.37–0.64] IC 95%), and dislodgement (p < 0.001; RR0.4 [0.31–0.54] CI 95%). Conclusions: The tunneling technique for brachial access appears to be safe concerning intra-procedural bleeding, overall success, and procedural time, and it is effective in reducing the risk of late complications associated with catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding has many known benefits, but rates vary globally. We propose two main reasons why psychological theory and interventions have not been successful to date in explaining breastfeeding behaviours. Specifically, prior research underestimates the importance of (1) specific emotions and (2) wider injunctive influences (i.e., societal and moral norms about what women feel they ought to be doing) in the breastfeeding experience. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies that explored whether injunctive norms and/ or specific emotions are associated with breastfeeding behaviours (i.e., intentions, initiation and duration). Seventy-two papers were included in this review; data were extracted and quality appraisals conducted for all included studies. A meta-analysis of effect sizes was performed with the quantitative data. A convergent qualitative synthesis of the data was conducted, resulting in the following line of argument: Breastfeeding is a social behaviour and not a personal/individual behaviour. From this line of argument, three themes with associated sub-themes were developed, highlighting the importance of both specific emotions and injunctive norms on breastfeeding behaviours. These influences are discussed in relation to both theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One intervention that fosters mindfulness is mantram repetition.Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. Psychologically, mantram repetition can mitigate immediate stressors. When used consistently, mantram repetition promotes resilience and deepens mindfulness, thereby promoting recovery from distress. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This paper examines the overall effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). What are the implications for practice?: The portable, cost‐effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies.In people who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress.Mantram repetition can quiet the mind and pairs well with breathing exercises and routine activities such as walking or exercising, or during chores, thus, integrating the mantram into daily life. Introduction: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One mindfulness intervention is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. Aim: To examine the evidence of the effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). Method: We searched 16 databases and retrieved 12 studies testing the effects of mantram repetition; only four of these measured aspects of psychological distress with comparison groups. Results: All studies showed positive effects ranging from very mild (.08) to very strong (.71). The summary effect across all studies was small (.23, p =.015). Importantly, this small effect was found when compared to treatment as usual and even psychotherapy. Discussion: The portable, cost‐effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies. Implications for Practice: In patients who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition could be practiced with breathing exercises, when walking or exercising, or during chores, integrating the mantram into daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cognitive dysfunctions and is an independent risk factor for dementia. A recent study has found the prevalence of PTSD in people with dementia is 4.7%–7.8%. However, little is known about the effectiveness of PTSD treatment for people with dementia. The primary aim of the current study is to review previous studies on the treatment of PTSD in people with dementia. A structured literature review was performed using a 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses' analysis in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Two independent researchers screened titles and abstracts. The inclusion criteria were: PTSD symptoms present, diagnosis of dementia, PTSD treatment form described and effects of the treatment mentioned. Articles that matched these criteria were included and content and quality were analyzed. We included nine articles, all case reports, with a total of 11 cases. The discussed treatment options are eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) (n = 3), prolonged exposure (n = 1), cognitive behavioural therapy (n = 1) and pharmacological treatment (n = 4). All articles reported a positive effect of the intervention on several monitored symptoms. Evidence for positive effects and feasibility of EMDR were most reliable, and it was applied in two articles of sufficient quality published in 2018 and 2019. EMDR 'on‐the‐spot' was described with positive effect in one article in which three cases were discussed. The quality of included papers ranged from insufficient to sufficient. This review shows that people with PTSD and dementia can benefit from PTSD treatment. EMDR, prolonged exposure, acceptance and commitment therapy and pharmacological treatment are applicable in this population. EMDR treatment is most described in this population (n = 5) and shows positive results, and the studies are of sufficient quality (n = 3). Further research in the form of a randomised controlled trial is required to study the effectivity of different treatment interventions in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants. Background: With an increased focus of studies on maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants, there is a need for an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to measure the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, VIP Journal Integration Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and China Biology Medicine disc from database establishment to 28 April 2021. Review methods: We conducted the meta‐analysis using Review Manager 5.3. Integrative description was used for data that were not suitable for meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 380 studies between 1979 and 2021 were retrieved and 26 were included in this systematic review. Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level of preterm infants during a painful procedure. Compared with routine care, maternal sound stimulation could help preterm infants achieve better physiological stability by reducing their heart rate and increasing their oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Maternal sound stimulation is a feasible and effective intervention for preterm infants, which is highly recommended in the clinical setting. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Hospitalized preterm infants suffer from frequent painful procedures, loud noises and early maternal separation.Maternal sound stimulation was not only a feasible way to achieve auditory stimulation for preterm infants but also to achieve early mother–infant contact.However, there has been no systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials on maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants. What this paper adds? Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level of preterm infants during a painful procedure.Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce heart rate and increase oxygen saturation of preterm infants.Maternal sound stimulation showed positive effects on improving preterm infants' feeding process, feeding performance and physical growth. The implications of this paper: Neonatal nurses can apply maternal sound stimulation to preterm infants during painful procedures.It is necessary to develop a standard implementation protocol for maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants.Further research is needed to compare the effects between maternal sound stimulation and music stimulation to identify the best auditory stimuli for preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that machine learning (ML) algorithms to construct predictive models for pressure injury development are widely reported, the performance of the model remains unknown. The goal of the review was to systematically appraise the performance of ML models in predicting pressure injury. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Grey literature and other databases were systematically searched. Original journal papers were included which met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Meta‐analysis was performed with Metadisc software, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity and specificity as effect measures. Chi‐squared and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity. A total of 18 studies were included for the narrative review, and 14 of them were eligible for meta‐analysis. The models achieved excellent pooled AUC of 0.94, sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI [0.78–0.80]) and specificity of 0.87 (95% CI [0.88–0.87]). Meta‐regressions did not provide evidence that model performance varied by data or model types. The present findings indicate that ML models show an outstanding performance in predicting pressure injury. However, good‐quality studies should be conducted to verify our results and confirm the clinical value of ML in pressure injury development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current guidelines stress the importance of exercise, especially multicomponent exercise to older adults with chronic conditions. Aim: To critically synthesise evidence that evaluates the effects of multicomponent exercise on quality of life, depression and anxiety after stroke. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 statement. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO from inception to 12 June 2023 was performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). Meta‐analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and narrative syntheses were adopted whenever meta‐analysis was inappropriate. The overall certainty of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Of 15,351 records identified, nine were eligible and data were available for seven randomised controlled trials, three of which were identified as having a high risk of bias, one as low risk, and five as having some concerns. Subgroup pooled analyses indicated that multicomponent exercise engaged in longer exercise sessions (>60 min) was effective in improving quality of life immediately post‐intervention and through 3–6 months post‐intervention. However, multicomponent exercise did not significantly affect depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Multicomponent exercise with longer duration of exercise sessions has promising effects on both short‐ to medium‐term quality of life among stroke survivors. Patient or Public Contribution: This does not apply to our work as it is a review paper. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Healthcare providers could consider encouraging the patients to participate in multicomponent exercise sessions for more than 60 min. It is important to note that stroke survivors should be supervised by trained personnel at the beginning of the training. Registration: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to report on a systematic review of qualitative studies on men's reflections on participating in cancer rehabilitation. Nine databases were systematically searched to identify qualitative papers published between 2000 and 2013. Papers were selected by pre-defined inclusion criteria and subsequently critically appraised. Key themes were extracted and synthesised. Fifteen papers were selected and represented. Four central themes were identified in the analytical process: 'changed life perspective', 'the masculinity factor', 'a desire to get back to normal' and 'the meaning of work'. Six peripheral themes were identified: 'the meaning of context', 'music', 'physical training', 'religion', 'humour' and 'the unmentionable'. The themes were synthesised into an integrative model representing men's reflections on participating in cancer rehabilitation. We conclude that existing qualitative literature offers insight into men's reflections on cancer rehabilitation and highlights the interrelationship between men's reflections on their changed life perspective, masculinity, orientation towards a normal life and getting back to work. Further research-based knowledge is needed to explore (1) the underlying causes and patterns of the men's needs, preferences and choices in rehabilitation; and (2) the health professional perspective on male cancer rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elevated glucose and insulin levels are major risk factors in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Aerobic exercise is widely recommended to improve glycaemic control, yet its acute effect on glycaemia and glucoregulatory hormones has not been systematically reviewed and analysed in healthy adults. Objective: To determine the effect of a single bout of continuous aerobic exercise on circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations in healthy adults. Methods: CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, HMIC, Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 2020. Papers were included if they reported a randomised, crossover study measuring glucose and/or insulin and/or glucagon concentrations before and immediately after a single bout of continuous aerobic exercise (≥ 30 min) compared to a time-matched, resting control arm in healthy adults. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and GRADE approach, respectively. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for glucose, insulin, and glucagon. Sub-group meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed for categorical (metabolic state [postprandial or fasted], exercise mode [cycle ergometer or treadmill]) and continuous (age, body mass index, % males, maximal aerobic capacity, exercise duration, exercise intensity) covariates, respectively. Results: 42 papers (51 studies) were considered eligible: glucose (45 studies, 391 participants), insulin (38 studies, 377 participants) and glucagon (5 studies, 47 participants). Acute aerobic exercise had no significant effect on glucose concentrations (mean difference: − 0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI, − 0.22 to 0.13 mmol/L; P = 0.589; I2: 91.08%, large heterogeneity; moderate-quality evidence). Acute aerobic exercise significantly decreased insulin concentrations (mean difference: − 18.07 pmol/L; 95% CI, − 30.47 to − 5.66 pmol/L; P = 0.004; I2: 95.39%, large heterogeneity; moderate-quality evidence) and significantly increased glucagon concentrations (mean difference: 24.60 ng/L; 95% CI, 16.25 to 32.95 ng/L; P < 0.001; I2: 79.36%, large heterogeneity; moderate-quality evidence). Sub-group meta-analyses identified that metabolic state modified glucose and insulin responses, in which aerobic exercise significantly decreased glucose (mean difference: − 0.27 mmol/L; 95% CI, − 0.55 to − 0.00 mmol/L; P = 0.049; I2: 89.72%, large heterogeneity) and insulin (mean difference: − 42.63 pmol/L; 95% CI, − 66.18 to − 19.09 pmol/L; P < 0.001; I2: 81.29%, large heterogeneity) concentrations in the postprandial but not fasted state. Meta-regression revealed that the glucose concentrations were also moderated by exercise duration and maximal aerobic capacity. Conclusions: Acute aerobic exercise performed in the postprandial state decreases glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy adults. Acute aerobic exercise also increases glucagon concentrations irrespective of metabolic state. Therefore, aerobic exercise undertaken in the postprandial state is an effective strategy to improve acute glycaemic control in healthy adults, supporting the role of aerobic exercise in reducing cardiometabolic disease incidence. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020191345. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on family function among families after stroke. Background: Family function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed. Methods: This was a meta‐analysis carried out by searching five international electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL, as well as four national electronic databases, including Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang. Two groups of researchers screened the studies independently, assessed the quality of the studies and extracted data. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Five studies on psychoeducational interventions were included. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a small effect of the interventions on improving family function (WMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.01, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences between the psychoeducation and control groups at 1 month postintervention (WMD: −0.12, 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.05, P < 0.05) and more than 6 months postintervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.04, P < 0.05). The psychoeducational interventions also had positive effect on improving the problem solving (WMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.14 to −0.03, P < 0.05) and communication (WMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.05, P < 0.05) functions of the family. There were significant differences in the group of dyad intervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.25 to −0.02, P < 0.05) and the group using face to face method (WMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −0.84 to −0.32, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Synthesized results demonstrated the favourable effect of psychoeducational interventions on the improvement of the family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication. Future psychoeducational intervention research design should consider the combination of multiple intervention methods and the applicable population of intervention. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Good family function can promote the physical and mental health of family caregivers, improve the life quality of stroke survivors and lighten a heavy burden on the whole family.Family function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed.What this paper adds? The psychoeducational intervention has a positive effect on family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication.The implications of this paper: The psychoeducational intervention can be an acceptable method to improve family function among families after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the effects of exercise interventions by type, duration and intensity of exercise for fatigue in breast cancer survivors who had completed their treatment. Background: Most studies found that exercise has valuable outcomes for cancer survivors. This meta‐analysis comprehensively summarizes the benefits of exercise intervention for fatigue in breast cancer patients who had completed their adjuvant treatments. Methods: We conducted a meta‐analysis on randomized control trials published during 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2019, from PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, EMBASE, Medline (ProQuest), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Chinese Electronic Periodical Service and Wan Fan Data with prespecified searching criteria. Breast cancer patients earlier than stage IIIc and completing adjuvant treatments were included, and the effects of exercise on fatigue were investigated. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included (N = 581). Patients receiving exercise interventions showed reduced fatigue comparing with those without exercise. Exercise with low–moderate intensity, 20 min/day, three times per week and lasting up to 12 weeks had a significant effect on reducing fatigue for breast cancer survivors. Conclusion: Our study suggested that exercise interventions can reduce fatigue for this group of cancer survivors. The duration and intensity of exercise intervention could be prescribed for this specific group of cancer patients as a basic requirement to handle their reported fatigue. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Previous meta‐analysis has shown that exercise interventions can affect fatigue in breast cancer survivors during and after their adjuvant treatment. What this paper adds? Exercise at a low to moderate intensity, 20 min/day, three times per week, at 12‐week follow‐up reduced fatigue for breast cancer survivors who completed adjuvant treatment.The intensity of exercise interventions could be included in guidelines, to help patients in handling their reported fatigue. The implications of this paper: Findings support the positive effects of exercise interventions in reducing fatigue in women with breast cancer, suggesting that health‐care professionals and nurses may consider including exercise programmes into management plans for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a virtual reality (VR) intervention on adult patients' preoperative anxiety, heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data Sources: A librarian‐designed search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang databases was conducted to identify research studies in English or Chinese on RCTs from their inception to 31 May 2022. Detailed search strategies and the checklist are provieded in Supplementary files S1 and S2. Review Methods: Two researchers independently screened eligible studies. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. A fixed‐ or random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to determine the pooled mean difference based on the results of the heterogeneity test. Results: This study included 11 articles with a total of 892 participants. VR distraction comprised five studies, and VR exposure consisted of six studies. The results indicated that VR could reduce preoperative anxiety in adult patients and VR exposure seems to be more effective. The results also indicated that VR intervention can effectively reduce patients' heart rate and blood pressure compared to traditional intervention methods, but had no significant effect on respiration rate. Conclusion: VR technology could relieve preoperative anxiety in adult patients through distraction or exposure. More well‐designed RCTs containing a wider range of surgical types are needed to verify our findings before we can make strong recommendations. Impact: Our systematic review and meta‐analysis show a positive effect of VR distraction and exposure interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety in adult patients. We suggest incorporating VR into preoperative procedures as an auxiliary way to reduce negative emotions in eligible patients. No Patient or Public Contribution: Our paper is a systematic review and meta‐analysis and such details do not apply to our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic pain after breast cancer surgery affects up to 60% of patients. Evidence supports the fact that pain outwith the surgical site is a significant issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the prevalence of non-surgical site pain (NSSP) in women after breast cancer surgery at 6 months post-operatively. Methods: Adult women with a confirmed breast cancer diagnosis who had undergone breast cancer surgery were identified. The outcome pursued was pain outwith the surgical site measured on either NRS/VRS or VAS rating scale. CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify studies that examined NSSP after breast cancer surgery at 6 months. Data were gathered via pre-piloted Excel forms and analysed both quantitively and qualitatively. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model to assess risk difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of sixteen studies were identified for inclusion. Eleven studies failed to provide sufficient data and consequently were analysed qualitatively. Five studies were adequate for quantitative analysis, including a total of 995 patients. Meta-analysis identified a risk difference of 18% (95% CI: 5–31%) between patients who had breast cancer surgery and a reference, however, this is low-quality evidence. Conclusion: This review has highlighted that breast cancer surgery increases the risk of pain outwith the surgical site postoperatively. It was additionally identified that NSSP data are often gathered in research yet rarely presented in results or highlighted as a primary outcome. As the quality of evidence was low, research specifying NSSP as a primary outcome is required to provide more certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have utilised isometric, eccentric and downhill walking pre-conditioning as a strategy for alleviating the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) following a bout of damaging physical activity. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of pre-conditioning strategies on indices of muscle damage and physical performance measures following a second bout of strenuous physical activity. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. Eligibility Criteria: Studies meeting the PICO (population, intervention/exposure, comparison, and outcome) criteria were included in this review: (1) general population or "untrained" participants with no contraindications affecting physical performance; (2) studies with a parallel design to examine the prevention and severity of muscle-damaging contractions; (3) outcome measures were compared using baseline and post-intervention measures; and (4) outcome measures included any markers of indirect muscle damage and muscular contractility measures. Participants: Individuals with no resistance training experiences in the previous 6 or more months. Interventions: A single bout of pre-conditioning exercises consisting of eccentric or isometric contractions performed a minimum of 24 h prior to a bout of damaging physical activity were compared to control interventions that did not perform pre-conditioning prior to damaging physical activity. Study Appraisal: Kmet appraisal system. Synthesis Methods: Quantitative analysis was conducted using forest plots to examine standardised mean differences (SMD, i.e. effect size), test statistics for statistical significance (i.e. Z-values) and between-study heterogeneity by inspecting I2. Results: Following abstract and full-text screening, 23 articles were included in this paper. Based on the meta-analysis, the pre-conditioning group exhibited lower levels of creatine kinase at 24 h (SMD = − 1.64; Z = 8.39; p = 0.00001), 48 h (SMD = − 2.65; Z = 7.78; p = 0.00001), 72 h (SMD = − 2.39; Z = 5.71; p = 0.00001) and 96 h post-exercise (SMD = − 3.52; Z = 7.39; p = 0.00001) than the control group. Delayed-onset muscle soreness was also lower for the pre-conditioning group at 24 h (SMD = − 1.89; Z = 6.17; p = 0.00001), 48 h (SMD = − 2.50; Z = 7.99; p = 0.00001), 72 h (SMD = − 2.73; Z = 7.86; p = 0.00001) and 96 h post-exercise (SMD = − 3.30; Z = 8.47; p = 0.00001). Maximal voluntary contraction force was maintained and returned to normal sooner in the pre-conditioning group than in the control group, 24 h (SMD = 1.46; Z = 5.49; p = 0.00001), 48 h (SMD = 1.59; Z = 6.04; p = 0.00001), 72 h (SMD = 2.02; Z = 6.09; p = 0.00001) and 96 h post-exercise (SMD = 2.16; Z = 5.69; p = 0.00001). Range of motion was better maintained by the pre-conditioning group compared with the control group at 24 h (SMD = 1.48; Z = 4.30; p = 0.00001), 48 h (SMD = 2.20; Z = 5.64; p = 0.00001), 72 h (SMD = 2.66; Z = 5.42; p = 0.00001) and 96 h post-exercise (SMD = 2.5; Z = 5.46; p = 0.00001). Based on qualitative analyses, pre-conditioning activities were more effective when performed at 2–4 days before the muscle-damaging protocol compared with immediately prior to the muscle-damaging protocol, or 1–3 weeks prior to the muscle-damaging protocol. Furthermore, pre-conditioning activities performed using eccentric contractions over isometric contractions, with higher volumes, greater intensity and more lengthened muscle contractions provided greater protection from EIMD. Limitations: Several outcome measures showed high inter-study heterogeneity. The inability to account for differences in durations between pre-conditioning and the second bout of damaging physical activity was also limiting. Conclusions: Pre-conditioning significantly reduced the severity of creatine kinase release, delayed-onset muscle soreness, loss of maximal voluntary contraction force and the range of motion decrease. Pre-conditioning may prevent severe EIMD and accelerate recovery of muscle force generation capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Testicular cancer is a prevalent malignancy in young men aged 15 to 35 years. Sonoelastography is an emerging technique for distinguishing between non-neoplasms, benignities, and malignancies by characterizing the tissue stiffness of testes. This review provides a summary of studies on the diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography for identifying benign and malignant lesions, as well as tumors and non-tumors. The objective of this review was to summarize the applications of sonoelastography in testicular tumor identification and inquire about their test performances. Two authors independently searched English journal articles and full conference papers from CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore®, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception and organized them into a PIRO (patient, index test, reference test, outcome) framework. Eleven studies (n = 11) were eligible for data synthesis, nine of which (n = 9) utilized strain elastography and two (n = 2) employed shear-wave elastography. Meta-analyses were performed on the distinction between neoplasm (tumor) and non-neoplasm (non-tumor) from four study arms and between malignancy and benignity from seven study arms. The pooled sensitivity of classifying malignancy and benignity was 86.0% (95%CI, 79.7% to 90.6%). There was substantial heterogeneity in the classification of neoplasm and non-neoplasm and in the specificity of classifying malignancy and benignity, which could not be addressed by the subgroup analysis of sonoelastography techniques. Heterogeneity might be associated with the high risk of bias and applicability concern, including a wide spectrum of testicular pathologies and verification bias in the reference tests. Key technical obstacles in the index test were manual compression in strain elastography, qualitative observation of non-standardized color codes, and locating the Regions of Interest (ROI), in addition to decisions in feature extractions. Future research may focus on multiparametric sonoelastography using deep learning models and ensemble learning. A decision model on the benefits–risks of surgical exploration (reference test) could also be developed to direct the test-and-treat strategy for testicular tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the extent and nature of missed nursing care in elderly care in community healthcare contexts from the perspective of healthcare staff, and to identify instruments used to measure missed nursing care and the content of these instruments. Design: Scoping review. Methods: Searches were conducted in the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases in March 2020. The selection process followed the PRISMA flow diagram. Results: Sixteen research papers were found from nine countries. The instruments used in the studies were Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care for nursing homes (BERNCA‐NH), modified MISSCARE survey and study‐specific instruments or items. The item content differed, as did the number of items, which was between one and 44. The studies reported values for missed nursing care, as well as described reasons for and/or the relation between missed nursing care and organization, working climate and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore nurses' experiences in natural disaster response. Background: Nurses are key to disaster response. There is a growing body of qualitative research exploring this emerging nursing issue. However, there is a need to synthesise and summarise this body of knowledge to identify the overarching elements of how nurses experience working in disaster situations to reflect on their experiences so that we may help shape future clinical practice, research and education. Design: Qualitative meta‐synthesis. Method: Following PROSPERO guidelines (Moher et al., 2015), an exhaustive and systematic literature search and quality appraisal was undertaken in December 2019 to reveal nurses' experiences during natural disaster response. Sandelowski and Barroso's systematic retrieval, analysis and interpretation of findings method was used to produce a meta‐summary of findings from 10 papers evaluating experiences across 9 disasters. A meta‐aggregation was used to synthesise the findings from the studies and was methodically quality assessed with PRISMA and CASP. Results: Our findings aggregated data from 42 sub‐themes, into the following four themes to capture nurses' experiences after responding to disasters. These included agile response; leadership and innovative problem solving; building resilience; positive communication and need for psychological/emotional support. Discussion: This meta‐synthesis provides evidence to illustrate nurses' resilience and leadership capabilities as means to manage and perceive their disaster relief response. Factors such as emotional intelligence, capacity to react to changing situations, to manage scant resources in extreme situations were highlighted in nurses practising in highly stressful environments. Managers can use these examples to support ways to improve disaster management policies, but also, to engage in support for their staff. Relevance to clinical practice: The role of nursing staff in disaster rescue is receiving significant attention. Understanding nurses' experiences during disaster rescue can help future leaders to improve capacity to respond and nursing preparedness through education, training and management, but also for continuing emotional support after the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: While common in the elderly, dry mouth can negatively affect their oral health and nutritional status. Self‐administered oral care by the elderly can improve their oral health and prevent oral diseases. This study aimed to identify the content of oral health promotion programmes for community‐dwelling elderly and to determine which programmes are effective in improving oral health decreasing xerostomia in these populations. Methods: A systematic literature search and meta‐analysis was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. All available papers published in English or Korean were searched between 1 June and 13 June 2018. The relevant databases in PubMed Central, MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Embase, as well as open dissertation and academic searches, were performed. Data were extracted from the selected studies based on PICOS, and the health outcomes of the elderly were subjected to meta‐analysis categorized by salivary secretion rates and oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL). Results: A total of nine studies had sufficient data for a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The intervention programmes consisted mainly of oral health promotion programmes, mouth exercises, toothbrushing and salivary massage. The meta‐analysis indicated that elderly participating in oral health programmes had significantly increased oral salivary secretion rates and OHQoL (effect sizes of 0.63 and 0.80, respectively). Conclusions: Oral health promotion programmes in the elderly provide the positive effects of relieving dry mouth and improving OHQoL. This systematic review confirmed the contents and effects of the oral health promotion programmes provided to community‐dwelling elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To analyze and synthetize the existing scientific literature in relation to the nursing diagnosis disturbed thought processes (DTPs) (00130). METHODS: An integrative review was developed, identifying relevant papers through a search of international and Spanish databases and the examination of key manuals. FINDINGS: Theoretical papers propose modifications for the nursing diagnosis DTPs. Most of the research papers offer data about its frequency in different clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS: There exists an interest in the nursing diagnosis DTPs. However, the available evidence is not very extensive and further work is necessary in order to refine this nursing diagnosis. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The re‐inclusion of DTPs in the NANDA‐I classification will specially contribute to increment its utility in mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of daily sedation interruption on the mechanical ventilation duration and relevant outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Background: Previously, three meta‐analyses on the association of daily sedation interruption with the mechanical ventilation duration have reported conflicting findings, and these did not support current guideline recommendations that daily sedation interruption can be routinely used in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients. Design This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies. Data sources Data were from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest dissertation and theses, Airiti Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Chinese, Science Direct and PsycINFO databases. Review methods: Two reviewers independently assessed, extracted and appraised the included studies. Then, pooled estimates were calculated using a random‐effects model. Results: In total, 45 studies involving 5493 participants were included. Compared with controls, daily sedation interruption significantly reduced the mechanical ventilation duration, ICU stay length, sedation duration, and tracheostomy and ventilator‐associated pneumonia risks (all p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and study quality were significant moderators. Conclusion: Daily sedation interruption could substantially reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, particularly when it was applied to patients with high disease severity. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Daily sedation interruption has been associated with reductions in excessive sedation and excessive use of sedative agents.The findings on the effects of daily sedation interruption on the mechanical ventilation duration have been inconsistent. What this paper adds? Daily sedation interruption could effectively reduce the mechanical ventilation duration, intensive care unit stay length, sedation duration, and tracheostomy and ventilator‐associated pneumonia risks in intensive care unit patients.Applying daily sedation interruption to patients with high disease severity yielded a larger reduction in the mechanical ventilation duration. The implications of this paper: There is a need to adopt daily sedation interruption as routine care to reduce the mechanical ventilation duration, especially in higher disease severity population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perinatal (antenatal and postpartum) depression is increasingly becoming a global public health problem. Studies have shown that the presence of depression during the perinatal period impact on a mother's ability to adequately provide nutritional care for herself and her infants and young children. This may thus negatively influence the nutritional status of these vulnerable children resulting in poor growth, such as stunting which is currently a public health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the association between maternal postpartum depression and child growth in LMICs. Electronic databases were systematically reviewed by screening abstracts, titles, full text and additional data sources of eligible papers. Articles were eligible for inclusion if based on children aged 0 to 59 months, if reporting maternal postpartum depression as an exposure, if based on observational studies evaluating the relation between maternal postpartum depression and child growth, if reporting at least one physical growth indicator such as stunting as an outcome, and if published after 2000. Article selection was based on the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. Twelve articles were included in the quantitative synthesis (12 for stunting, 8 for underweight and 2 for wasting). Maternal postpartum depression was observed to be associated with an increased risk of child stunting (1.87 (95% CI: 1.52, 2.30; I2 = 41.6%, p = 0.064)) and underweight (1.81 (95% Cl: 1.25, 2.62; I2 = 70.7%, p = 0.001)). These results were confirmed after influence analyses, with publication bias being negligible. Conclusion: Maternal depression is a risk factor for poor child growth in LMICs. This study contributes to the knowledge on this topic and calls on policymakers to improve on its understanding, screening and treatment to alleviate the potential negative impact on child growth. What is Known: • Maternal postpartum depression is currently a public health relevance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). • Maternal postpartum depression is a risk factor for poor nutritional status in children from LMICs. What is New: • Maternal postpartum depression is associated with an 80 to 90% increased risk of childhood stunting and underweight in LMICs. • The association between risk of childhood stunting and underweight with maternal postpartum depression is slightly influenced by geographical area, rural or urban location, by factors such as study design, study quality and sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context No meta-analyses appeared to have been conducted to examine overall correlations between resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)–assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids. Objective To review the available literature and quantify the association between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids via a meta-analysis of observational studies. Data Sources To identify relevant publications, we searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest, and Scopus databases in April 2020 for items combining 3 concepts: Raman spectroscopy, skin, and plasma or serum. Data Extraction Criteria for inclusion were publication in a peer-reviewed journal between 1990 and 2020, available in English language, and results reported as a baseline Pearson correlation coefficient. In teams of 2, the researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts of 2212 nonduplicate papers with initial screening yielding 62 papers for full-text review, of which 15 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Data Analysis A random-effects model in R (version 4.0.0) "meta" package was used to analyze the correlation between RRS-assessed skin and plasma/serum carotenoids. A subgroup analysis was conducted for studies involving adults and children, respectively. Conclusions The 15 studies included 1155 individuals: 963 adults and 192 children. One study included children and adults. The random-effects model yielded an overall correlation of 0.68 (95%CI, 0.61–0.74; I 2 = 74%; P  < 0.01). The results were similar when grouped by adults and children. Among 963 adults, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.69 (95%CI, 0.61–0.75; I 2 = 78%; P  < 0.01). Among 192 children, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.66 (95%CI, 0.52– 0.77; I 2 = 55%; P  = 0.06). Overall, there was a positive, statistically significant correlation between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids in a pooled meta-analysis of 15 studies. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO (record number 178835) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Nursing is a highly stressful occupation where irregular shifts and working overtime lead to unhealthy behaviours. This qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis aims to examine nurses' barriers in adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from their respective inception dates to October 2021: EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was used to appraise the quality of included studies. Data synthesis followed Sandelowski's and Barroso's two‐step approach. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this review, and three themes were generated as follows: (1) work environment and workplace culture, (2) nature of the job and (3) intrinsic factors. Conclusion: This review synthesized available evidence on the barriers nurses experienced while adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Health‐care institutions should target these factors when providing facilities and services to support nurses in adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Policies should focus on workplace health promotion by advocating for healthy lifestyle policies. Future research should be conducted in more multicultural and geographically diverse regions to obtain a more global view of nurses' barriers to adopt health‐promoting behaviours. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nursing is a highly stressful occupation that may create stress‐induced unhealthy lifestyle behaviours.Nurses encounter major barriers to participate in health‐promoting behaviours. What this paper adds? The health‐promoting behaviours were negatively influenced by workplace culture, occupational factors such as job stress and rotating shift and intrinsic factors (e.g., absence of motivation and financial constraints). The implications of this paper: Policies should focus on workplace health promotion by advocating for healthy lifestyle policies.Future research should be conducted in more multicultural and geographically diverse regions to obtain a more global view of nurses' barriers to adopt health‐promoting behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To synthesise the composition and effectiveness of computer‐based patient decision aid (PDAs) in interventions for patients with chronic diseases. Design: A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Methods: Five databases were searched, and only randomised controlled trials (RCTs)were included. This review was conducted with the PRISMA guidelines. The JBI Appraisal Tools for randomised trials were used to assess the risk of bias. We used the random‐effects model to conduct meta‐analyses. Evidence from RCTs was synthesised using standardised mean differences or mean differences. The GRADE system was employed to assess the certainty of evidence and recommendations. This study was registered on PROSPERO (number: CRD42022369340). Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published before October 2022. Results: The review included 22 studies, and most computer‐based PDAs reported information on the disease, treatment options, pros and cons and risk comparison and value clarification. The use of computer‐based PDAs showed a significant effect on decision conflict and knowledge, but not on decision regret, satisfaction, self‐efficacy, anxiety and quality of life. The overall GRADE certainty of evidence was low. Conclusion: Although the quality of evidence was low, however, using computer‐based PDAs could reduce decision conflict and enhance knowledge when making medical decisions. More research is needed to support the contention above. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Computer‐based PDAs could assist health‐care providers and patients in the shared decision‐making process and improving the quality of decision‐making. Reporting Method: This study adhered to PRISMA guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among informal carers of individuals with dementia and to identify potential influencing factors. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across 10 electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Chinese Biomedical, China National Knowledge Internet, and WANFANG. Our search strategy covered the inception of the databases up to September 16, 2023, with an updated search conducted on March 8, 2024. Prevalence estimates of loneliness and social isolation, presented with 95% confidence intervals, were synthesized through meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were employed to explore potential moderating variables and heterogeneity. Results: The study encompassed 27 research papers involving 11,134 informal carers from 17 different countries. The pooled prevalence of loneliness among informal carers of individuals with dementia was 50.8% (95% CI: 41.8%–59.8%), while the pooled prevalence of social isolation was 37.1% (95% CI: 26.7%–47.6%). Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression indicated that various factors significantly influenced the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation. These factors included the caregiving setting, study design, the intensity of loneliness, geographical location (continent), data collection time, and the choice of assessment tools. Conclusions: This study underscores the substantial prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among informal carers of individuals with dementia. It suggests that policymakers and healthcare providers should prioritize the development of targeted interventions and support systems to alleviate loneliness and social isolation within this vulnerable population. Key points: Informal carers of people with dementia contend with unique circumstances that render them susceptible to both loneliness and social isolation.There is a significant prevalence of loneliness and social isolation in informal carers of individuals with dementia.Several significant moderators influence the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among informal carers of individuals with dementia.Moderator analysis can guide targeted interventions and support systems for at‐risk informal carers of people with dementia to alleviate loneliness and social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to identify research trends related to emotional leadership among nurse managers by conducting a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. This study sought to derive insights that could contribute to improving emotional leadership in nursing practice. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Research Information Sharing Service, Koreanstudies Information Service System, Korean Medical Database, KoreaMed, ScienceON, and DBpia were searched to obtain papers published in English and Korean. Literature searches and screenings were conducted for the period December 1, 2023 to December 17, 2023. The effect size correlation (ESr) was calculated for each variable and the meta-analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS 29.0, R 4.3.1. Results: Twenty-five (four personal, six job, and fifteen organizational) relevant variables were identified through the systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the total overall effect size was ESr = .33. Job satisfaction (ESr = .40) and leader-member exchange (ESr = .75) had the largest effect size among the job and organizational-related factors. Conclusion: Emotional leadership helps promote positive changes within organizations, improves organizational effectiveness, and increases member engagement and satisfaction. Therefore, it is considered an important strategic factor in improving organizational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To perform an overview of literature search strategies in systematic reviews ( SRs) published in periodontology and implant dentistry. Materials and Methods Two electronic databases (PubMed and Cochrane Database of SRs) were searched, independently and in duplicate, for SRs with meta-analyses on interventions, with the last search performed on 11 November 2012. Manual searches of the reference lists of included SRs and 10 specialty dental journals were conducted. Methodological issues of the search strategies of included SRs were assessed with Cochrane collaboration guidelines and AMSTAR recommendations. The search strategies employed in Cochrane and paper-based SRs were compared. Results A total of 146 SRs with meta-analyses were included, including 19 Cochrane and 127 paper-based SRs. Some issues, such as 'the use of keywords,' were reported in most of the SRs (86%). Other issues, such as 'search of grey literature' and 'language restriction,' were not fully reported (34% and 50% respectively). The quality of search strategy reporting in Cochrane SRs was better than that of paper-based SRs for seven of the eight criteria assessed. Conclusion There is room for improving the quality of reporting of search strategies in SRs in periodontology and implant dentistry, particularly in SRs published in paper-based journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]