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1. Carbon nanotubes buckypapers for potential transdermal drug delivery

Author

Alex Schwengber, D. Zilli, Ana Lea Cukierman, Pablo Ricardo Bonelli, and Héctor Juan Prado

Subjects
Drug, Paper, Materials science, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Chemical structure, media_common.quotation_subject, Ciencias de la Salud, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, Buckypaper, Carbon nanotube, INGENIERÍAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS, BUCKYPAPERS, Administration, Cutaneous, FLURBIPROFEN, CARBON NANOTUBES, law.invention, Biomaterials, Diffusion, Nanopores, Differential scanning calorimetry, Nanocapsules, law, Materials Testing, Particle Size, media_common, Transdermal, Nanotecnología, Nanotubes, Carbon, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY, Nano-materiales, Amorphous solid, CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE, Otras Ciencias de la Salud, Absorption, Physicochemical, Flurbiprofen, Mechanics of Materials, Delayed-Action Preparations, Surface modification, Feasibility Studies, Fullerenes
Abstract

Drug loaded buckypapers based on different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared and characterized in order to evaluate their potentialities for the design of novel transdermal drug delivery systems. Lab-synthesized CNTs as well as commercial samples were employed. Clonidine hydrochloride was used as model drug, and the influence of composition of the drug loaded buckypapers and processing variables on in vitro release profiles was investigated. To examine the influence of the drug nature the evaluation was further extended to buckypapers prepared with flurbiprofen and one type of CNTs, their selection being based on the results obtained with the former drug. Scanning electronic microscopy images indicated that the model drugs were finely dispersed on the CNTs. Differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction pointed to an amorphous state of both drugs in the buckypapers. A higher degree of CNT-drug superficial interactions resulted in a slower release of the drug. These interactions were in turn affected by the type of CNTs employed (single wall or multiwall CNTs), their functionalization with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, the chemical structure of the drug, and the CNT:drug mass ratio. Furthermore, the application of a second layer of drug free CNTs on the loaded buckypaper, led to decelerate the drug release and to reduce the burst effect. Fil: Schwengber, Alex. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Prado, Héctor Juan. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Zilli, Dario Adrian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Bonelli, Pablo Ricardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cukierman, Ana Lea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2015

2. Performance of Four Transport and Storage Systems for Molecular Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Author

Anandi Martin, Rina Andrianiavomikotroka, Lucilaine Ferrazoli, Peter Vandamme, Sarman Singh, Belén Rocío Imperiale, Marie Sylvianne Rabodoarivelo, Voahangy Rasolofo, Angela Pires Brandão, Juan Carlos Palomino, Nora Morcillo, and Parveen Kumar

Subjects
MTBDRPLUS ASSAY, Genotyping Techniques, Antitubercular Agents, Ciencias de la Salud, lcsh:Medicine, Transportation, Drug resistance, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ribotyping, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Medicine and Health Sciences, Molecular diagnostic techniques, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE SYSTEM, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, biology, DRUG RESISTANT M. TUBERCULOSIS, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS, Brazil, Research Article, DNA, Bacterial, Paper, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, TISSUES, Tuberculosis, Genotype, Preservation, Biological, Argentina, India, Computational biology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Reference laboratory, MOLECULAR DRUG RESISTANCE DETECTION, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, Specimen Handling, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], Postal service, medicine, Humans, Postal Service, Retrospective Studies, RIFAMPIN, GenoType MTBDRplus, Bacteriological Techniques, IDENTIFICATION, Ethanol, STRAINS, lcsh:R, CARDS, Sputum, Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, SPECIMENS, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Multiple drug resistance, lcsh:Q, Glass, Filtration
Abstract

Background Detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis is essential for the control of the disease but it is often hampered by the limitation of transport and storage of samples from remote locations to the reference laboratory. We performed a retrospective field study to evaluate the performance of four supports enabling the transport and storage of samples to be used for molecular detection of drug resistance using the GenoType MTBDRplus. Methods Two hundred Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were selected and spotted on slides, FTA cards, GenoCards, and in ethanol. GenoType MTBDRplus was subsequently performed with the DNA extracted from these supports. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to the results obtained by drug susceptibility testing. Results For all supports, the overall sensitivity and specificity for detection of resistance to RIF was between 95% and 100%, and for INH between 95% and 98%. Conclusion The four transport and storage supports showed a good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of resistance to RIF and INH in M. tuberculosis strains using the GenoType MTBDRplus. These supports can be maintained at room temperature and could represent an important alternative cost-effective method useful for rapid molecular detection of drugresistant TB in low-resource settings. Fil: Rabodoarivelo, Marie Sylvianne. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Imperiale, Belén Rocío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital "Dr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo"; Argentina Fil: Andrianiavomikotroka, Rina. Institut Pasteur de Madagascar; Madagascar Fil: Brandao, Angela. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil Fil: Kumar, Parveen. All India Institute of Medical Sciences; India Fil: Singh, Sarman. All India Institute of Medical Sciences; India Fil: Ferrazoli, Lucilaine. Instituto Adolfo Lutz Núcleo de Tuberculose e Micobacteriosis Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Morcillo, Nora. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital "Dr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo"; Argentina Fil: Rasolofo, Voahangy. Institut Pasteur de Madagascar; Madagascar Fil: Palomino, Juan Carlos. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Vandamme, Peter. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Martin, Anandi. University of Ghent; Bélgica

Published
2015