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Purpose: To investigate the effect of pseudoex foliation syndrome on choroidal thickness as compared with healthy individuals and subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma., Methods: This prospective, randomized study included 30 primary open angle glaucoma patients and 30 pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients with similar demographic characteristics and 30 eyes of 30 healthy individuals comprised the control group. Regular optic nerve and macular images were obtained using a Cirrus HD spectral domain optical coherence tomography instrument, along with macular choroidal thickness measurements with enhanced depth imaging mode., Results: Age, sex, and axial length values were similar among the three groups (p>0.05). The primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma groups had comparable levels of glaucomatous damage. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness values in the primary open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and control groups were 271.80 ± 19.96 μm, 241.43 ± 32.47 μm, and 268.03 ± 24.50 μm, respectively. The pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group had the lowest choroidal thickness values of the three groups (p values: pseudoexfoliation-control: 0.001; pseudoexfoliation-primary open angle glaucoma: <0.001, primary open angle glaucoma-control: 0.516, independent samples t-test)., Conclusion: The macular choroid was thinner in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, as compared with both healthy individuals and open-angle glaucoma patients with similar degrees of glaucomatous damage.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the presence of choroidal vascular parameters, which have a predictive value for diabetic macular edema (DME) development, in eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods: 148 eyes of 120 patients were included in the study. Eyes with an untreated mild-to-moderate NPDR stage were divided into 2 groups as those with and without DME. The diabetic retinopathy (DR) group was created from the eyes of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus without DR. Choroidal layers were segmented using the enhanced depth imag- ing mode of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Choroidal vascular indexes (CVI) of the full-thickness choroid, sattler-choriocapillaris layer, and Haller's layer were calculated separately. Results: Full-thickness CVI values of the choroid were 65.2±3.1% in the DR-group, 64.2±3.4% in the DME-group, and 64.8±3.08% in the DME+ group (P = 0.318). The CVI values in the Sattler-choriocapillaris complex were 71.3±4.5% in the DR- group, 70.9±5.9% in the DME-group, and 71.7±5.2% in the DME+ group (P = 0.746). The CVI values in the Haller layer were 61.6±4.1% in the DR-group, 60.3±3.7% in the DME-group, and 61.1±3.1% in the DME+ group (P = 0.252). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between NPDR eyes with and without DME and eyes without DR in terms of CVI. These results may suggest that DME develops due to retinal vascular factors rather than choroidal vascular factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Firstly, to compare the choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) between diabetic macular edema (DME) patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab and dexamethasone implant injection and a age-matched healthy group. Secondly, to investigate the relationship between diabetic choroidopathy and diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, HbA1c levels and metabolic conditions in these patients undergoing intravitreal injection therapy. Materials and Methods: Total 72 (52 males, 20 females) DME patients and 60 (44 males, 16 females) healthy control participants were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional, and comparative study. Results: The baseline choroidal thickness (ChT) in patients with DME was thinner than in the control group. When the relationship between changes in central macular thickness and mean macular thickness values and age, gender, disease duration, mean arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI), LDL level, and HbA1c values were examined, no significant relationship was observed (p>0.05 for all). There was a significant inverse correlation between BMI and initial average ChT (p:0.027). There was also a positive correlation between LDL levels and choroidal thickness (0.007). In the comparison between ChTs according to the presence of microalbuminuria, last subfoveal ChT was observed to be thinner in presence of microalbuminuria (p: 0.038). In the comparison between ChTs of patients with and without neuropathy, the average last nasal ChT was higher in patients with diabetic neuropathy (p: 0.025). There was no significant relationship between HbA1c levels and choroid thicknesses. Conclusions: The choroidal thinning in this study may be a sign of diabetic choroidopathy-induced choroid ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate changes in macular thickness, ganglion cell inner plexiform and choroid layer of long term Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients by optical coherence tomography (OCT) who treated with antiretroviral therapy. Matherials and Methods: The study included 50 HIV cases receiving antiretroviral therapy and 50 control groups. Best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examinations were performed in both groups. Macula, optic disc and choroid layer measurements were performed with OCT device. Results: The number of males / females in the HIV group is 37/13 and the average age is 42.7 ± 8.3 years, the number of males / females in the control group is 35/15 and the average age is 42.8 ± 8.1 years. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of age and gender in both groups(P = 0.96, P = 0.76 respectively). Avarage choroidal thickness is 267.5 ± 33.1μ in HIV group and 283.3 ± 24.8 μ in control group.(P=0.008) Average macular thickness is 299.8 ± 12.1 μ in HIV group and 316.1 ± 14.4 μ in control group.(P = 0.001) Retinal nerve fiber thickness is 102.9 ± 10.1 μ in the HIV group and 106.2 ±13.7 μ in the control group.(P = 0.173) Conclusion: HIV patients who received treatment developed thinning in inner retinal layers and choroid layer over time compared to healthy individuals. It suggests that viral particles have degenerative effects on retinal cells by triggering autoimmune reactions. This situation has negative trophic effect on other layers and causes thinning in the macula and choroid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]