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Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik, Johansson, Ulf S. (2022): Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 521-560, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3

Bradyornis leucomelas Sundevall, 1850: 106. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ in Caffraria superiori, campestri ” CURRENT STATUS: Synonym of Sigelus silens silens (Shaw, 1809); Muscicapidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 590). TYPE MATERIAL: Sundevall in his original description stated that he had only a single male (“ Unicus mas in Caffraria superiori,... ”), and we could only find one specimen in his acquisition catalogue. The holotype, NRM 568761 [6852] is a male collected 6 August 1843 near Potchefstroom. VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Potchefstroom, North West Province. COMMENTS: See species account for Alauda fasciolata for the suggested TL correction., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on page 553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111.","Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp."]}

Pogonocichla ruficapilla Sundevall, 1850: 105. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ Habitat in Caffraria inferiore s. propria.” CURRENT STATUS: Seicercus ruficapilla ruficapilla (Sundevall, 1850); Phylloscopidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 500). STATUS REFERENCE: Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 500 do not recognise ochraceiceps Clancey, 1975. Sclater 1930: 505, White 1960: 426 (in the genus Phylloscopus, recognise voelkeri Roberts, 1941), Clancey et al. 1980: 200 (recognise voelkeri, ochraceiceps and alacris Clancey, 1969), Traylor 1986b: 224 (recognises voelkeri, ochraceiceps and alacris in the genus Phylloscopus), Urban et al. 1997: 364–365 (in the genus Phylloscopu s, do not recognise ochraceiceps). TYPE MATERIAL: Sundevall (1850: 105) mentioned both male and female in his type description. According to his acquisition catalogue and catalogue of duplicates in combination, he must have had eight specimens at hand (note that in the latter manuscript he had moved the species to the genus Cryptolopha). Gyldenstolpe (1926: 67) refers to NRM 568788 [6801] as a “type”; we treat this specimen as a lectotype designation of this adult male collected 2 August 1840 in Durban. The seven paralectotypes are: NRM 535134 [6802], a mounted juvenile female collected 22 July 1840 in Durban; NRM 90192170 [6804], a male collected 4 June 1840 in Durban; NRM 568789 [6805], an adult female collected 5 June 1840 in Durban; NHMUK 1876.5.23.215 [6800], a male collected 16 July 1841 in Durban and sent on exchange to R.B. Sharpe in London on exchange in 1871 (still in the NHMUK collection); a specimen (sex unknown) [6803] collected 8 July (or February) 1840 in Durban, sent to Bergen, Norway; a specimen [6806] collected in Durban and sent on exchange to Berlin in 1853 (but no longer in the ZMB collection); a specimen [6807] collected 15 August 1840 in Durban and sent on exchange to Leiden in 1850 (but not found in the Naturalis collection). VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. COMMENTS: There is no entry in the journal for this day, but date and place of the type are in line with other specimens collected at the same time., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on pages 549-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111.","Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp.","Sclater, W. L. (1930) s. n. In: Systema Avium Aethiopicarum: a Systematic List of the Birds of the Ethiopian Region. Part 2. Taylor & Francis for the British Ornithologists' Union, London, pp. i - xi + 305 - 922.","White, C. M. N. (1960) A Check List of the Ethiopian Muscicapidae (Sylviinae). Part 1. Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia, 24 B, 399 - 430.","Clancey, P. A. (1980) S. A. O. S. Checklist of Southern African Birds. Pretoria, South African Ornithological Society, 325 pp.","Traylor Jr., M. A. (1986 b) Family Sylviidae, Old World Warblers (African). In: Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G. W. (Eds.), Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 3 - 294.","Urban, E. K., Fry, C. H. & Keith, S. (Eds.) (1997) The Birds of Africa. Vol. 5 [Thrushes to Shrike-Flycatchers]. Academic Press, London, xix + 669 pp., 32 pls.","Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116."]}

Pogonocichla margaritata Sundevall, 1850: 104. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ Habitat in Caffraria inferiore s. propria. ” CURRENT STATUS: Pogonocichla stellata stellata (Vieillot, 1818); Muscicapidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 596); includes friedmanni Clancey, 1972. STATUS REFERENCE: Sclater 1930: 486 [implicitly including margaritata Sundevall (see Oatley in Hockey et al. 2005)]. White 1962: 137, recognised transvaalensis (Roberts, 1912) (which includes lebombo Roberts, 1935). Clancey et al 1980: 186, recognised margaritata Sundevall, transvaalensis (Roberts, 1912) (which includes lebombo Roberts, 1935, and lebomboensis Roberts, 1940), chirindensis (Roberts, 1914), and hygrica Clancey, 1969). TYPE MATERIAL: Sundevall (1850: 104) mentioned both male and female in his type description. According to his acquisition catalogue, nine specimens were available at the time for the description. Gyldenstolpe (1926: 54–55) referred to NRM 569711 [6825] as a “type”; we treat this as a lectotype designation of this adult male collected 11 August 1841 in Pietermaritzburg. The eight paralectotypes are: NRM 90189888 [6826], an adult male collected 11 August 1841 in Pietermaritzburg; NRM 90189889 [6827], a “female” collected 27 June 1840 in Durban; NRM 90189890 [6828], a juvenile female collected before 1845 in Durban according to the acquisition catalogue, but “Caffraria” according to the label; NRM 90189891 [6824], an adult male collected 28 June 1842 in Pietermaritzburg; NRM 553737 [6830], a juvenile collected 12 June 1841 in Umgeni, Durban; a male [6823], collected 22 June 1843 in Pietermaritzburg, sent on exchange to Berlin in 1853 (but not found in the ZMB collection); RMNH. AVES.128953 [6829], a juvenile female collected 15 August 1840 in Durban and sent on exchange to Leiden in 1850; and RMNH. AVES.128952 [4735], a male collected 4 July 1839 in Durban, also sent on exchange to Leiden in 1850. VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal. COMMENTS: Date and place confirmed by journal entry and Sundevall’s acquisition catalogue (Figure 1C)., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on page 554, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111.","Vieillot, L. - P. (1818) s. n. In: Virey, J. J. (Ed.), Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 21. MIN-MOZ. Deterville, Paris, pp. 1 - 612.","Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp.","Sclater, W. L. (1930) s. n. In: Systema Avium Aethiopicarum: a Systematic List of the Birds of the Ethiopian Region. Part 2. Taylor & Francis for the British Ornithologists' Union, London, pp. i - xi + 305 - 922.","Hockey, P. A. R., Dean, W. R. J. & Ryan, P. G. (Eds.), (2005) Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7 th Edition. John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, 1296 pp.","White, C. M. N. (1962) A Revised Check List of African Shrikes, Orioles, Drongos, Starlings, Crows, Waxwings, Cuckoo-shrikes, Bulbuls, Accentors, Thrushes and Babblers. Government Printer, Lusaka, 176 pp.","Clancey, P. A. (1980) S. A. O. S. Checklist of Southern African Birds. Pretoria, South African Ornithological Society, 325 pp.","Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116."]}

Muscicapa fuscula Sundevall, 1850: 105. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ in Caffraria ” CURRENT STATUS: Muscicapa adusta fuscula Sundevall 1850; Muscicapidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 588). TYPE MATERIAL: Sundevall (1850: 105) did not indicate how many specimens he had available, but it appears that apart from material collected by Wahlberg, the two specimens (male and female) illustrated by Levaillant under the name “ Le Gobe Mouches Ondulé ” (1805, vol. 4: plate 156) are part of the type series. According to Sundevall’s acquisition catalogue two specimens were at hand in 1850 (marked “ Musc. fuscula n sp. ” but also “ l’Ondulé 156 ” + illegible). Gyldenstolpe (1926: 60) referred to NRM 568764 [6799] as a “type”; we treat this as a lectotype designation of this adult male collected 12 May 1840 in Durban. The paralectotype is NRM 568765 [6798], an adult male collected 29 April 1840 in Durban. However, the illustrations in Levaillant (1805, vol. 4: plate 156) are the type specimens for Butalis adusta Boie, 1828 (Muscicapa adusta). The specimens illustrated by Levaillant have no explicit origin, but he stated that he had seen this species in “le pays d’Auteniquoi” where it is very common as well as along the coast of Natal. The specimens on Levaillant’s plate are paralectotypes of Muscicapa fuscula, but they are no longer primary types, and they are name-bearing for Butalis adusta only. No lectotype or neotype for Butalis adusta seems to have been designated. Traylor (1986a: 329) referred to the TL as “Auteniquoi ex Levaillant = Knysna district, Cape Province ”, which does not agree with Levaillant. The locality “Knysna” was corrected by Rookmaaker (1986); the “Pays d’Auteniquois” sensu Levaillant is in the immediate vicinity of George.According to Levaillant’s map of his travels, however, he clearly never visited the coastal area near Durban, and so the type localities of Butalis adusta Boie, 1828 and Muscicapa fuscula Sundevall, 1850 do not overlap. VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. COMMENTS: There are no journal entries for this date. Wahlberg was in Durban from March to early October 1840., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on pages 552-553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111.","Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp.","Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116.","Traylor Jr., M. A. (1986 a) Family Muscicapidae (sensu stricto), Old World Flycatchers (African). In: Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G. W. (Eds.), Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 295 - 375.","Rookmaaker, L. C. (1986) The location of Levaillant's \" Pays d'Auteniquois \". Ostrich, 57, 189 - 190."]}

Luscinia sinuata Sundevall, 1857 (1858): 44. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ circa urbem capensem invenitur ” CURRENT STATUS: Emarginata sinuata sinuata (Sundevall, 1858); Muscicapidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 609). TYPE MATERIAL: There is no indication in Sundevall’s (1857: 44 footnote) brief description that more than one specimen was available. Following his acquisition catalogue, four specimens [6680–6683] were initially identified as Sylvia / Luscinia sperata, the last one, a “pull.”, with a question mark (which disqualifies it as a type; Art. 72.4.1 of the Code). Gyldenstolpe (1926: 55) referred to NRM 569712 [6682] as a “type”; which we treat as a lectotype designation of this adult male collected 25 January 1845 near Saldanha Bay. The two paralectotypes are: NRM 555379 [6683], a male (or juvenile) [6681] collected 1 February 1840 (or possibly 25 January 1845) near Camperdown; and a study skin of a male [6680] collected 9 January 1840 also near Camperdown. Both paralectotypes seem to have been present in the collection at least until the 1910s, but study skin 6680 could not be found in the NRM collection in 2021. VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Saldanha Bay, Western Cape Province. COMMENTS: Date and place match journal entries. Wahlberg collected a number of specimens in January and February 1845 at Saldanha Bay., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on pages 554-555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Sundevall, C. J. (1857) Kritisk framstallning af fogelarterna uti aldre ornithologiska arbeten. 2. Le Vaillant, Oiseaux d'Afrique. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingar, Ny foljd, Band 2, 16 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13341","Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp.","Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116."]}

Saxicola albicans Wahlberg, 1855: 213. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ In locis arenosis terrae Damararum, plerumque in fruticibus parvis insidens, vel in terra, fere semper per paria, vivit. ” CURRENT STATUS: Emarginata tractrac albicans (Wahlberg, 1855); Muscicapidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 609–610). TYPE MATERIAL: It is evident from the type description that Wahlberg (1855: 213) had access to both males and females. According to Sundevall’s manuscript catalogues at least seven syntypes were received from South Africa after Wahlberg’s death. Gyldenstolpe (1926: 56) referred to NRM 90189969 [11698] as a “type”; we treat this as a lectotype designation of this adult male collected 20 November 1854 in Walvis Bay. The six known paralectotypes are: NRM 90189970 [11700], an adult female collected 4 July 1854 at Kuiseb River; NRM 90189972 [11699], an adult male collected 26 June 1854 at Kuiseb River; NRM 538726 [11701], a mounted female collected 9 November 1854 near Rooibank; NRM 90189971 [11702], an adult female collected 25 June 1854 at Kuiseb River; UMB 4481 [11696], a male, collecting data unknown, sent on exchange to Bremen in 1858; and a male [11697], collected 20 November 1854 near Rooibank, sent on exchange to Berlin in 1870 (but not found in the ZMB database). VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Walvis Bay, Namibia, but uncertain. COMMENTS: Wahlberg collected a number of specimens in October and November 1854. The localities are interspersed, with some specimens labelled Scheppmansdorf (= Rooibank), Kuiseb River and Walvis Bay. Rooibank is upstream from the mouth of the Kuiseb River. It is not clear why Wahlberg distinguished Rooibank from Kuiseb River as a collecting locality, and it is likely that he used the names for places close to each other. He indicated, in a letter to Retzius dated 18 June 1854 (Craig & Hummel 1992), that he intended to collect on the coast, but he could have meant that this was the coast all the way from Swakop River mouth to Rooibank. Specimens collected from 9–30 November are mostly labelled Scheppmansdorf, so it can be accepted that Wahlberg spent this period there. The confused localities on specimen labels, however, bring a measure of uncertainty such that a more exact TL for this species cannot be verified., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on page 555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp.","Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116."]}

Bradyornis ater Sundevall, 1850: 105. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ E Caffraria inferiori et superiori ” CURRENT STATUS: Synonym of Melaenornis pammelaina pammelaina (Stanley, 1814); Muscicapidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 590). TYPE MATERIAL: In his type description, Sundevall (1850: 105) mentioned both males and females.According to his acquisition catalogue he actually had four specimens at hand. Gyldenstolpe (1926: 62) refers to NRM 568759 [6848] as a “type”; we treat this as a lectotype designation of this adult male collected 19 April 1840 in Durban. The three paralectotypes are: NRM 568758 [6850], a male collected 16 October 1843 in Saulspoort (Mohapoani); NRM 568757 [6851], a female collected 12 December 1841 in Magalisberg; and a male [6849] collected 13 October 1843 in Saulspoort sent on exchange to Berlin in 1853 (but not found in the ZMB database). VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. COMMENTS: There are no journal entries for this date. Wahlberg was in Durban from March to early October 1840., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on page 553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111.","Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp.","Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116."]}

Erithacus schlegelii Wahlberg, 1855: 13. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ Hab. Damara-Land. ” CURRENT STATUS: Emarginata schlegelii schlegelii (Wahlberg, 1855); Muscicapidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 609) TYPE MATERIAL: Wahlberg’s (1855: 213) description gives no information on how many specimens he had at hand. From Sundevall’s manuscript catalogues it is apparent that the description was probably based on a single specimen—at least, only one specimen seems to have been sent to Sweden. The holotype, NRM 558942 [11695], is a study skin of an adult male collected 14 August 1854 at the Onanis River. VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Onanis River, Namibia. COMMENTS: There is no entry in the journal for this date and place. Wahlberg collected a number of specimens in August 1854. The localities on labels are interspersed with Onanis and Swakop rivers. Specimens collected from 14–19 August are labelled Onanis River, so the TL can be confirmed as correct., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on page 555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp."]}

Cossypha fasciiventris Sundevall, 1850: 101. VERBATIM TYPE LOCALITY: “ E Caffraria superiore, silvatica, circa fluvium Limpopo (25° lat.). ” CURRENT STATUS: Calamonastes fasciolatus europhilus (Clancey, 1970); Cisticolidae (Dickinson & Christidis 2014: 454). TYPE MATERIAL: Sundevall, in his original description (1850: 101), mentioned both males and females. From his acquisition catalogue it appears that four specimens were available to him at the time of description. Gyldenstolpe (1926: 46) referred to NRM 568785 [6740] as a “type”, which we treat as a lectotype designation of this male collected 5 or 8 February 1842 near Apies River. The three paralectotypes are: NRM 555993 [6741], a female collected 20 June 1844 at Leroma; NRM 537640 [6738], a mount of a male collected 28 November 1841 at Apies River; and a male, RMNH. AVES.171503 [6739], collected 10 December 1841 in Magaliesberg, exchanged to Leiden in 1850. VERIFIED TYPE LOCALITY: Apies River, Gauteng Province. COMMENTS: The type locality can be corrected to the Apies River at 25° 28’ South, 28° 15’ East. See account for Tockus erythrorhynchus rufirostris., Published as part of Dean, W. Richard J., Åhlander, Erik & Johansson, Ulf S., 2022, Avian type localities and the type specimens collected by Johan August Wahlberg in southern Africa, pp. 521-560 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on pages 543-544, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6541737, {"references":["Sundevall, C. J. (1850) Foglar fran sodra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar, 7 (4), 96 - 111.","Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (2014) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, 752 pp.","Gyldenstolpe, N. (1926) Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. Arkiv f or Zoologi, 19, 1 - 116."]}

Luscinia megarhynchos megarhynchos C. L. Brehm, 1831 LITERATURE. — Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Dowsett et al. (2013). STATUS. — Palaearctic migrant., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 91, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["THONNERIEUX Y., WALSH J. F. & BORTOLI L. 1989. - L'avifaune de la ville de Ouagadougou et ses environs (Burkina Faso). Malimbus 11: 7 - 39.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Muscicapa aquatica aquatica Heuglin, 1864 LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Thonnérieux (1985); Dowsett (1993); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Connor (2010); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013). MUSEUM MATERIAL. — MCCI 3416, 3417. FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Resident; Breeding., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","THONNERIEUX Y. 1985. - Notes complementaires sur l'avifaune des Parcs Nationaux de l'Arly (Burkina) et de la Pendjari (Benin). Malimbus 7: 137 - 139.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","CONNOR M. 2010. - Extensions of documented distributions for three bird species in Burkina Faso. Malimbus 32: 104 - 106.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","PAVIA M., BOANO G., SILVANO F. & MAMADOU K. 2012. - New bird records from southwestern Burkina Faso. Malimbus 34: 57 - 81.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Muscicapa cassini Heine, 1860 LITERATURE. — Balanca et al. (2007). STATUS. — Excluded. REMARK. — Guinea-Congo forest and adjacent savanna resident. Reported for W National Park (Balanca et al. 2007), but not further considered as present in Burkina Faso., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier."]}

Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) LITERATURE. — Balanca et al. (2007); ABC (2020). FIELD DATA. — GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Palaearctic migrant? REMARK. — Few recent records from various regions of Burkina Faso. Previously not considered as present in Burkina Faso by Borrow & Demey (2014). The status of the species in Burkina Faso needs further asssessment., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 92, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","ABC 2020. - Burkina Faso. News. Available from https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / countries / burkina - faso [accessed 01 Nov. 2020]","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p."]}

Cercotrichas podobe podobe (Statius Müller, 1776) LITERATURE. — Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier et al. (2002); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Dowsett et al. (2013). FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Resident., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B., LUNGREN C. & OUEDA G. H. 2002. - Birding in Burkina Faso, more than just birdwatching. Dutch Birding 24: 127 - 141.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni, Pavia, Marco (2022): An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso. Zoosystema 44 (2): 27-107, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2

Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764) LITERATURE. — Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Dowsett et al. (2013). FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF. STATUS. — Palaearctic migrant. REMARK. — This taxon includes M. s. striata (Pallas, 1764) and M. s. thyrrenica Schiebel, 1910. The status in Burkina Faso of the two taxa, considered by some authors (Pons et al. 2016) to be worthy of the species rank, needs revision further assessment., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["THONNERIEUX Y., WALSH J. F. & BORTOLI L. 1989. - L'avifaune de la ville de Ouagadougou et ses environs (Burkina Faso). Malimbus 11: 7 - 39.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013].","PONS J. M., THIBAULT J. C., AYMI R., GRUSSU M., MUNTANER J., OLIOSO G., SUNYER J. R., TOUIHRI M., FUCHS J. 2016. - The role of western Mediterranean islands in the evolutionary diversification of the spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata, a long-distance migratory passerine species. Journal of Avian Biology 47: 386 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jav. 00859"]}

Fraseria caerulescens (Hartlaub, 1865) LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Dowsett (1993); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier et al. (2002); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Dowsett et al. (2013). STATUS. — Resident. REMARK. — Species reported only at the south and east borders of Burkina Faso by Borrow & Demey (2014)., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B., LUNGREN C. & OUEDA G. H. 2002. - Birding in Burkina Faso, more than just birdwatching. Dutch Birding 24: 127 - 141.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus, 1758) LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Holyoak & Seddon (1989); Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013) FIELD DATA. — GBIF. STATUS. — Palaearctic migrant., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 92, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","HOLYOAK D. T. & SEDDON M. B. 1989. - Distributional notes on the birds of Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the British ornithologists' Club 109: 205 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.25226 / bboc. v 139 i 2.2019. a 7","THONNERIEUX Y., WALSH J. F. & BORTOLI L. 1989. - L'avifaune de la ville de Ouagadougou et ses environs (Burkina Faso). Malimbus 11: 7 - 39.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","PAVIA M., BOANO G., SILVANO F. & MAMADOU K. 2012. - New bird records from southwestern Burkina Faso. Malimbus 34: 57 - 81.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Melaenornis edolioides edolioides (Swainson, 1837) LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Holyoak & Seddon (1989); Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Mauvais (1998); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013). MUSEUM MATERIAL. — MCCI 3161, 3227, 3282, 3453. FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Resident., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","HOLYOAK D. T. & SEDDON M. B. 1989. - Distributional notes on the birds of Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the British ornithologists' Club 109: 205 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.25226 / bboc. v 139 i 2.2019. a 7","THONNERIEUX Y., WALSH J. F. & BORTOLI L. 1989. - L'avifaune de la ville de Ouagadougou et ses environs (Burkina Faso). Malimbus 11: 7 - 39.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","MAUVAIS G. 1998. - Recensement des especes d'oiseaux de Bois de Boulogne a Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) en saison de pluie. Alauda 66: 324 - 328.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","PAVIA M., BOANO G., SILVANO F. & MAMADOU K. 2012. - New bird records from southwestern Burkina Faso. Malimbus 34: 57 - 81.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Myrmecocichla aethiops aethiops Cabanis, 1851 LITERATURE. — Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Dowsett et al. (2013). FIELD DATA. — GBIF. STATUS. — Resident., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 92, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus, 1758) LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Thonnérieux (1985); Holyoak & Seddon (1989); Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Dowsett et al. (2013); Kristensen et al. (2013), Borrow & Demey (2014); Cresswell (2014); van den Bergh (2016). FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Palaearctic migrant., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 91, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","THONNERIEUX Y. 1985. - Notes complementaires sur l'avifaune des Parcs Nationaux de l'Arly (Burkina) et de la Pendjari (Benin). Malimbus 7: 137 - 139.","HOLYOAK D. T. & SEDDON M. B. 1989. - Distributional notes on the birds of Burkina Faso. Bulletin of the British ornithologists' Club 109: 205 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.25226 / bboc. v 139 i 2.2019. a 7","THONNERIEUX Y., WALSH J. F. & BORTOLI L. 1989. - L'avifaune de la ville de Ouagadougou et ses environs (Burkina Faso). Malimbus 11: 7 - 39.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013].","KRISTENSEN M. W., TOTTRUP A. P. & THORUP K. 2013. - Migration of the Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus): A Eurasian songbird wintering in highly seasonal conditions in the West African Sahel. The Auk 130: 258 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / auk. 2013.13001","CRESSWELL W. 2014. - Migratory connectivity of Palaearctic-African migratory birds and their responses to environmental change: the serial residency hypothesis. Ibis 156: 493 - 510.","VAN DEN BERGH M. O. L. 2016. - Bridging the gap between bird conservation and sustainable development. PhD Thesis, University of Leiden, Netherlands, 222 p."]}

Tychaedon leucosticta (Sharpe, 1883) LITERATURE. — Dowsett (1993); Portier (2002c). STATUS. — Excluded. REMARK. — Forest species. Reported as very rare for Nazinga by Portier (2002c), but not further considered as present in Burkina Faso., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 89, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf."]}

Cossypha albicapillus giffardi E. J. Hartet, 1899 LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Dowsett (1993); Portier (2002c); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier et al. (2002); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013). MUSEUM MATERIAL. — MCCI 3159, 3166, 3167, 3277, 3441, 3459; MCSI SF040. FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Resident; Breeding., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 91, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B., LUNGREN C. & OUEDA G. H. 2002. - Birding in Burkina Faso, more than just birdwatching. Dutch Birding 24: 127 - 141.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","PAVIA M., BOANO G., SILVANO F. & MAMADOU K. 2012. - New bird records from southwestern Burkina Faso. Malimbus 34: 57 - 81.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris coronata Reichenov, 1902 LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Green (1980); Dowsett (1993); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier et al. (2002); Balanca et al. (2007); Connor (2010); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013). FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Resident., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 92, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","GREEN A. A. 1980. - Two populations of Cliff-Chats in the Arly- Pendjari region. Malimbus 2: 99 - 101.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B., LUNGREN C. & OUEDA G. H. 2002. - Birding in Burkina Faso, more than just birdwatching. Dutch Birding 24: 127 - 141.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","CONNOR M. 2010. - Extensions of documented distributions for three bird species in Burkina Faso. Malimbus 32: 104 - 106.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","PAVIA M., BOANO G., SILVANO F. & MAMADOU K. 2012. - New bird records from southwestern Burkina Faso. Malimbus 34: 57 - 81.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Ficedula hypoleuca hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764) LITERATURE. — Green & Sayer (1979); Thonnérieux et al. (1989); Dowsett (1993); Balanca & de Visscher (1997); Borrow & Demey (2001, 2014); Portier (2002c); Balanca et al. (2007); Sinclair & Ryan (2010); Pavia et al. (2012); Dowsett et al. (2013). MUSEUM MATERIAL. — MCCI 3420, 3421. FIELD DATA. — eBird; GBIF; WABD. STATUS. — Palaearctic migrant. REMARK. — The records reported in literature and all the verifiable records refer to the nominal subspecies. The presence in Burkina Faso of the Iberian subspecies F. h. iberiae (Whiterby, 1928) and the Atlas Mountains subspecies F. h. speculigera (Bonaparte, 1850) reported for Western Africa by Borrow & Demey (2014) needs further investigations., Published as part of Boano, Giovanni, Belemsobgo, Urbain, Silvano, Fabrizio, Hema, Emmanuel M., Belemsobgo, Aristide, Dimobe, Kangbéni & Pavia, Marco, 2022, An annotated checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso, pp. 27-107 in Zoosystema 44 (2) on page 91, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5999691, {"references":["GREEN A. A. & SAYER J. A. 1979. - The birds of Pendjari and Arly National Parks (Benin and Upper Volta). Malimbus 1: 14 - 28.","THONNERIEUX Y., WALSH J. F. & BORTOLI L. 1989. - L'avifaune de la ville de Ouagadougou et ses environs (Burkina Faso). Malimbus 11: 7 - 39.","DOWSETT R. J. 1993. - Afrotropical avifaunas: annotated country checklists, in DOWSETT R. J. & DOWSETT- LEMAIRE F. (eds). A Contribution to the Distribution and Taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds Tauraco Research Report 5, Tauraco Press, Liege: 1 - 322.","BALANCA G. & DE VISSCHER M. - N. 1997. - Composition et evolution saisonniere d'un peuplement d'oiseaux au nord du Burkina Faso (Nord-Yatenga). Malimbus 19: 68 - 94.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2001. - Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London, 832 p.","BORROW N. & DEMEY R. 2014. - Field Guide of the Birds of Western Africa. II edition. Christopher Helm, London, 592 p.","PORTIER B. 2002 c. - Liste de l'avifaune du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. http: // environnement. wallonie. be / projet _ nazinga / PDF / Liste _ oiseaux _ Nazinga. pdf.","BALANCA G., CORNELIS D. & WILSON R. 2007. - Les oiseaux du complexe WAP. ECOPAS. Cirad, Montpellier.","SINCLAIR I. & RYAN P. 2010. - Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. II edition. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 768 p.","PAVIA M., BOANO G., SILVANO F. & MAMADOU K. 2012. - New bird records from southwestern Burkina Faso. Malimbus 34: 57 - 81.","DOWSETT R. J., ATKINSON P. W. & CADDICK J. A. 2013. - Checklist of the birds of Burkina Faso: 1 - 12. https: // www. africanbirdclub. org / [accessed 14 October 2013]."]}

Saxicola thoracica Lichtenstein, 1823: 32 Now: Batis capensis capensis Linnaeus, 1766. See Sharpe (1879). Syntype: ZMB 2828, skin, former mount, male, collected by Ludwig Krebs in South Africa between 1820 and 1822. Type locality: ��� Cape ��� = ( Cape of Good Hope, South Africa), here changed to South Africa (see remarks). Remarks: The description is part of an auction catalogue (Lichtenstein 1823). In the description no type was chosen, but Lichtenstein based the description on males only (��� capitis ducta fasciaque pectoris lata atris ��� = head and breast with broad black band). All specimens of males offered in the auction as well as the specimens remaining in the general collection (registered mounts) and in the collection of duplicates (unregistered skins) with that species name during that time are to be considered syntypes. For all these categories the number of specimens is unknown. Furthermore, it is unknown where the specimen(s) from the auction ended up. In his printed overview about the collection Lichtenstein (1854) listed two specimens of Platystira thoracica and four of P. strepitans Lichtenstein, 1854, which was later corrected to 6 specimens of P. strepitans (handwritten correction on the printed copy in the ZMB collection library). The General Collection Catalogue ZMB-AVES gives no specimens for P. thoracica but 6 specimens of P. strepitans [ZMB 2827���2829, ZMB 2831���2833, General Collection Catalogue ZMB-AVES around 1856: collected by L. Krebs (1792���1844), J. L. L. Mund (1791���1831) and L. Maire, one specimen from the collection of W. Bullock (1773���1849)], which means that the collection catalogue was produced later than Lichtenstein (1854) or independent of it. The corrections in Lichtenstein (1854) were done to bring the information of this printed work to the same standard as the collection catalogue. On the other hand, this indicates that Lichtenstein himself in fact regarded two of the six P. strepitans as P. thoracica around 1854 and that these are possible syntypes for P. thoracica (depending on their entry date to the museum). ......continued on the next page As there were no inventory numbers given in the collection before 1856, the type (s) in the ZMB collection can only be identified by their historical documentation such as shipments and labels, and this was only partly possible. Four of the six specimens of P. strepitans / thoracica in the ZMB collection were sent by Krebs (ZMB 2828, ZMB 2831���2833). According to the shipment lists there were only three specimens of P. strepitans that came with Krebs��� seventh shipment from ���Vorgebirge der Guten Hoffnung��� [South Africa] and arrived on 20 October 1823 in Berlin (Ffolliott & Liversidge 1971). They all (two males, one female) were included in the collection and are mentioned in the entry catalogue of the museum (Lichtenstein 1811 ���1857; 124, 69���71). As the introduction to the auction catalogue of Lichtenstein was written in September 1823, the entry of the shipment would have been theoretically too late for inclusion in the auction catalogue. However, Lichtenstein could potentially have added a further individual later. Another possibility is that specimens arrived with earlier shipments without determinations or with an erroneous one. As an unequivocal assignment of the specimens to a single shipment is not possible, the locality cannot be ascertained. Further, the locality ��� Cape ��� as given in the description cannot be confirmed. ZMB 2831���2833 each bear the name P. strepitans on their historical label. ZMB 2833 is a female and cannot be a type specimen. For ZMB 2828 the name Saxicola thoracica was written on a historical label during in the process of producing a study skin from the mount, a process then done especially with types (possibly around 1890). Unfortunately, the label of the mount was not kept. On the remaining label the specimen is determined as a type specimen for Saxicola thoracica. As this is the only specimen with the historical name S. thoracica in the ZMB collection, ZMB 2828 is regarded as a syntype for this species. Specimen ZMB 2827 of the Bullock Collection arrived in Berlin in 1819 but became lost after 1856. Thus, the historical label is no longer available, and it could have been a further syntype. ZMB 2829 was sent by Mund and Maire, and arrived in Berlin in December 1823, too late to be a type specimen. On the historical label of the former mount ZMB 2829 and in the shipment list, P. strepitans is written, meaning that Lichtenstein (1854) listed this specimen as P. strepitans. In summary, ZMB 2828 is the only specimen which can be assigned to the type series of Saxicola thoracica Lichtenstein, 1823. In the description, ��� Cape ��� is given as the locality. The collection catalogue gives ���S��dafrika��� [Southern Africa] for ZMB 2828. The shipment lists for the Krebs specimens before 1823 give ���Vorgebirge der Guten Hoffnung���. As this is a very rough locality, and the specimens were not unquestionably assigned to the single shipments, we give South Africa as the type locality. The whereabouts of other possible type specimens from the auction are unknown., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on pages 250-253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Lichtenstein, M. H. C. (1823) Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Saugethieren, Vogeln, Amphibien und Fischen. Trautwein, Berlin, x + 118 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1766) Systema Naturae. Vol. 1. 12 th Revised Edition. Laurentius Salvius, Holmia, 532 pp.","Sharpe, R. B. (1879) Catalogue of the Birds of the British Museum. Vol. 4. Taylor and Francis, London, xvi + 494 pp.","Lichtenstein, M. H. C. (1854) Nomenclator Avium Musei Zoologici Berolinensis. Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, viii + 123 pp.","Polhill, D. (1988) Flora of Tropical East Africa. An Index of Collecting Localities. Kew Publishing, London, 398 pp.","Chapin, J. P. (1954) The birds of the Belgian Congo. Part 4. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 75 B, 1 - 846.","Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Dowsett, R. J. (2019) The Birds of Benin and Togo, an Atlas and Handbook. Tauraco Press, Sumene, 692 pp.","Ffolliott, P. & Liversidge, R. (1971) Ludwig Krebs, Cape Naturalist to the King of Prussia 1820 - 1828. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town, 304 pp.","Lichtenstein (1811 - 1857) ZMB Eingangsjournal 1811 - 1857, Eingangs-Journal uber den Zugang an Naturalien des Konigl. zoologischen Museum zu Berlin. Museum fur Naturkunde zu Berlin, Historische Bild- und Schriftgutsammlungen, Bestand, Zoologisches Museum, ZM S I Eingangskatalog Zoological Museum. s. n., s. n., 391 pp. [handwritten list, no publishing info]"]}

Muscicapa molitor (Lichtenstein) K��ster, 1850: 12 Now: Batis molitor molitor (K��ster, 1850). See Mayr et al. (1986: 381). Syntype: ZMB 2838, skin, female, collected by L. Krebs in Kaffernland [South Africa]. Syntype: ZMB 2840, skin, female, collected by L. Krebs in Kaffernland [South Africa]. Type locality: ���s��dliches Afrika��� [Southern Africa], ascertained as South Africa. Remarks: Lichtenstein used the name Batis molitor in the collection without describing the species. As K��ster (in Hahn & K��ster 1850) gave the first description for this species, he is regarded as the author of that species��� name. In the description no type was chosen. Theoretically, all the specimens in the Berlin collection of 1850 which are determined as B. molitor [4, General Collection Catalogue ZMB-AVES, Lichtenstein (1854)] should be regarded as syntypes [ZMB 2837���2840, Muscicapa (Platystira) molitor]. However, K��ster (1850) only described the plumage of the female and gave only the female phenotype in the figure. Therefore, only females of this species can be regarded as belonging to the type series (contra Neumann 1907a: 356). This is of special significance because in the collection catalogue and on the labels, as well as in Lichtenstein (1854), both males and females of Batis molitor were identified as belonging to that species. Thus, K��ster must have seen both males and females in the collection but did not describe the very obvious sexual dimorphism of the species. The four specimens of B. molitor in the collection from around 1850 were all collected by Ludwig Krebs. Lichtenstein associated many birds from this collector to the locality ���Kaffernland��� without separating the different localities given by Krebs. In the shipment lists, Muscicapa molitor is given for the ninth and tenth shipment (two males and four females, which arrived on 22.6. 1825 in Berlin) and for the twelfth shipment (four males and three females, which arrived on 21.6. 1830 in Berlin) (Ffolliott & Liversidge 1971). Of these, only three specimens are listed in the entry catalogue (1811���1857) by Lichtenstein, 184/116���118 (one female, two unsexed) for 1825. No details for the shipment that arrived at the museum in 1830 are available in that catalogue. Another handwritten catalogue of 1825 (Anonymous 1825) provides the information that in 1825 four specimens of Batis molitor (two males and two females) of the ninth shipment of Krebs were mounted for the collection. Thus, it seems most probable that the four specimens (ZMB 2837���2840) in the collection belonged to that shipment. As the shipment arrived from ���Vorgebirge der Guten Hoffnung��� [South Africa], South Africa is regarded as the type locality. Stresemann (1954) and Ffolliott & Liversidge (1971) gave Baviaans River 1824 as collecting data without mentioning in detail where the information came from. A printed auction catalogue of 1835 lists two specimens of Muscicapa molitor from ���Kaffernland��� (nos. 637 and 638, Lichtenstein 1835). Possibly the specimens that arrived in 1830 were given directly in the collection of duplicates. It was intended that they would be given away through auctions or exchange, in which case they were not mounted and so were not available for scientific work in the collection. Specimens ZMB 2834���2836 do not belong to the type series as they are males and were listed as Muscicapa (Platystira) melanoleuca Lichtenstein, 1854 in the General Collection Catalogue ZMB-AVES. ZMB 2837 and ZMB 2839 are determined as Muscicapa (Platysteira) molitor in that catalogue, but they are also males and thus cannot be types. Only ZMB 2838 and ZMB 2840 are females and are regarded as the syntypes for B. molitor. Stresemann (1954) selected ZMB 2837 as the type specimen, according to a note on the label, evidently without realising that K��ster (1850) had described the female only., Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel & Eckhoff, Pascal, 2021, Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum f��r Naturkunde Berlin, pp. 249-260 in Zootaxa 5052 (2) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5568681, {"references":["Kuster, H. C. (1850) Muscicapa molitor. In: Hahn, C. W. & Kuster, H. C. (1850) Vogel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika und Neu- Holland, in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Vol. 20. Lechner, Nurnberg, xx pp., 6 pls.","Mayr, E., Traylor, Jr., M. A. & Watson, G. E. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 11. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 638 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581","Hahn, C. W. & Kuster, H. C. (1850) Vogel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika und Neu-Holland, in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Vol. 20. Lechner, Nurnberg, xx pp., 6 pls.","Lichtenstein, M. H. C. (1854) Nomenclator Avium Musei Zoologici Berolinensis. Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, viii + 123 pp.","Neumann, O. (1907 a) Revisionen afrikanischer Vogelgruppen. Journal fur Ornithologie, 55 (3), 343 - 379.","Ffolliott, P. & Liversidge, R. (1971) Ludwig Krebs, Cape Naturalist to the King of Prussia 1820 - 1828. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town, 304 pp.","Anonymous (1825) Verzeichnis der Ausgestopften Saugetiere und Vogel 1825. Museum fur Naturkunde zu Berlin, Historische Bild- und Schriftgutsammlungen, Bestand, Zoologisches Museum, ZM S I Verwaltungsakten. s. n., s. n, 36 pp. [handwritten list, no publihsing info]","Stresemann, E. (1954) Uber die von Ludwig Krebs 1820 - 1838 in Sud-Afrika gesammelten Vogel. Annales du Museie du Congo belge, Zoo 1 ogiques, 1, 77 - 82.","Lichtenstein, M. H. C. (1835) Verzeichniss von Saugethieren und Vogeln, welche im Zoologischen Museum zu Berlin zu den Beigesetzten Preisen Verkauft Werden. Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 32 pp."]}

Frahnert, Sylke, Louette, Michel, Eckhoff, Pascal (2021): Type specimens of birds of the genus Batis (Aves: Platysteiridae) at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Zootaxa 5052 (2): 249-260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.5

Saxicola maurus armenicus Stegman, 1935, stat. resurr. – Armenian Eastern Stonechat Saxicola torquata armenica Stegman, 1935: 47. Type locality: “Adzharana [Adzhafan, Dzhafan], Kurdistan”, West Azerbaijan Prov., Iran, 38°11.59′ N, 44°27.47′ E, 2,300 m a.s.l. Saxicola torquata excubitor Koelz, 1954: 13. Type locality: Dorud Town, Luristan Prov., Iran, 33°30.00′ N, 48°04.04′ E, 1,450 m a.s.l. Distribution. It breeds in Armenia, the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, eastern Turkey (Mount Ararat and the environs of Lake Van, according Kirwan et al., 2008), and western Iran (mainly Zagros Mountains); to the south up to the northern part of the Fars Province of Iran (30° N). List 1. Breeding places of Saxicola rubicla rubicola – European Stonechat (south-eastern populations) Russia 1. Tikhaya River mouth, valley in middle reaches of Don River, Rostov Prov., 49°34.31′ N, 41°19.80′ E, 60 m a.s.l., 26 May 2003, 1 sad. male, 1 sad. female, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 2. Efremovo-Stepanovka Sloboda [Settlm.], Rostov Prov., 48°45.26′ N, 40°48.47′ E, 50 m a.s.l., 24 May 2008, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 3. Mityakinskaya Stanitsa [Vill.] vicinity, Rostov Prov., 48°36.34′ N, 39°40.43′ E, 37 m a.s.l., 12 May 2005, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 4. Matveev Kurgan Settlm. vicinity (8 km), Rostov Prov., 47°35.16′ N, 38°44.28′ E, 40 m a.s.l., 8 May 2002, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 5. Nedvigovka Khutor [Settlm.], Rostov Prov., 47°16.21′ N, 39°22.29′ E, 7 m a.s.l., 11 May 2002, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 6. Nikel’ Settlm., Republic of Adygea, 44°10.72′ N, 40° 09.22′ E, 500 m a.s.l., 5 July 1984, 1 ad. male, A.M. Peklo leg. (NMNH), 17 June 1974, 1 ad. male, 2 juv., 15 July 1977, 1 ad. male, B.A. Kazakov leg., 2 July 1988, 10 July 1989, 3 July 1991, 3 sad. males, 4 July 1991, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). – Dakhovskaya Stanitsa [Vill.] vicinity, 44°12.56′ N, 40°11. 25′ E, 525 m a.s.l., 20 June 1971, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg., 20 July 1977, 1 juv., S.Yu. Ryabinin leg. (ZIN). 7. Ust’-Sakhray Settlm. N vicinity, Republic of Adygea, 44°13.09′ N, 40°17.25′ E, 550 m a.s.l., 13 June 1986, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 8. Lagonaki tourist center vicinity, 44°05.06′ N, 40°00.50′ E, 1,740 m a.s.l., 23 July 1977, 1 sad. male, 1 ad. female, B.A. Kazakov leg. (ZIN). – Lagonaki Plateau, 44°04.70′ N, 40°00.04′ E, 1,570 m a.s.l., 7 June 1994, 1 ad. male, V.M. Loskot leg. (ZIN). 9. Daut gorge, Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, 43°33.12′ N, 42°03.03′ E, 1840 m a.s.l., 15 Aug. 1976, 3 juv. (moulting), G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 10. Nal’chik vicinity, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, 43°27.70′ N, 43°32.23′ E, 700 m a.s.l., 20 May [year unknown], 1 female with egg, 18 June [year unknown], 1 flying juv. (Radishchev, 1926). 11. Nazran’ Town E vicinity, Republic of Ingushetia, 43°19.38′ N, 44°50.15′ E, 620 m a.s.l., 12 Aug. 1927, 1 ad. male, L.B. Beme leg. (ZMMU). 12. Vladikavkaz vicinity, Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, 42°59.99′ N, 44°38.53′ E, 750 m a.s.l. 6, 9 Apr., 6 June 1923, 3 July 1920, 24 July 1925, 4 ad., 1 sad. males, 5 Aug. 1926, 1 juv., L.B. Beme leg., 17 May 1947, 1 ad. male, R.L. Beme leg. (ZMMU). – Gizel’ Settlm., 43°01.36′ N, 44°35.59′ E, 670 m a.s.l., 18 Apr. 1936, 1 sad. female, L.B. Beme leg. (ZMMU). 13. Dargavs Settlm. vicinity, Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, 42°50.04′ N, 44°27.00′ E, 1,570 m a.s.l., 22 July 1925, young birds in nest, L.B. Beme leg. (R.L. Beme, 1958), 24 July 1925, 1 ad. male, L.B. Beme leg. (ZMMU). – Verkhniy Lars [Staryy Lars] Settlm., 42°45.92′ N, 44°37.75′ E, 1,290 m a.s.l., 15 Aug. 1922, 1 juv., L.B. Beme leg. (ZIN). 14. Kharachoy Settlm. vicinity, Chechen Republic, 42°54.21′ N, 46°08.51′ E, 1,070 m a.s.l., 3 July 1994, 1 ad. male, I.I. Gizatulin leg. (ZIN). Georgia 15. Mazeri Settlm., Samegrelo-Zemo-Svaneti, 43°04.35′ N, 42°37.08′ E, 1,176 0 m a.s.l., 24 June 1979, 1 sad. male, A.A. Kuznetsov leg. (ZMMU). – Mestiya Settlm. NE vicinity (12 km), valley in middle course of Tviber River, 43°04.87′ N, 42°52.52′ E, 2,120 m a.s.l., 4 July 1985, 1 sad. male from breeding pair, 1 juv. female, V.M. Loskot leg. (ZIN). – Tviber River, valley in upper reaches, 43°06.03′ N, 42°52.30′ E, 2,400 m a.s.l., 28 June 1985, 1 ad. male (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). 16. Kheledi Settlm., Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, 42°47.28′ N, 42°39.11′ E, 930 m a.s.l., 27 July 1973, 1 sad. male from pair with well flying young birds, V.M. Loskot leg. (NMNH). 17. Uravi Settlm. N vicinity, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, 42°39.05′ N, 43°18.23′ E, 1,160 m a.s.l., 24 July 1973, moulting pair (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). – Shovi W and E vicinity, 42°42.17′ N, 43°40.47′ E, 1,510 m a.s.l., 22–23 July 1973, between 1,470–2,000 m a.s.l., several pairs (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). 18. Ertso Lake, Shida Kartli, 42°27.78′ N, 43°45.37′ E, 1,730 m a.s.l., 19 July 1973, 1 sad. male, 20 July 1973, 1 ad. male, V.M. Loskot leg. (NMNH), 3 pairs with fledglings, V.M. Loskot (unpublished). – Dzhava [Dzau, Java] Town, 42°23.03′ N, 43°56.07′ E, 1,220 m a.s.l., 20 July 1929, 1 juv., V.G. Geptner leg. (ZMMU). – Kvemo-Khvtse Settlm., 42°24.79′ N, 43°57.07′ E, 1,160 m a.s.l., 18 July 1973, 1 sad. male from pair with fledglings, V.M. Loskot leg. (NMNH). 19. Lagodekhi Strict Nature Reserve, Kakheti, 41°54.41′ N, 46°20.56′ E, 2,200 m a.s.l., 2, 5, 11 June 1959, 3 sad. males, M.A. Voinstvenskiy leg. (NMNH), 10 July 1973, breeding pair (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). 20. Gori Town NE vicinity, Shida Kartli, 42°00.78′ N, 44°09.05′ E, 760 m a.s.l., 24 July 1904, 1 ad. male, A.M. Kobylin leg. (ZMMU). – Kvemo-Zakhori Settlm., Mtskheta-Mtianeti, 42°08.83′ N, 44°20.96′ E, 990 m a.s.l., 16 July 1973, 2 pairs with fledglings (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). – Dusheti Town vicinity, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, 42°05.23′ N, 44°42.36′ E, 980 m a.s.l., 2 July 1909, 1 sad. male, 15 July 1909, 1 ad. male, V.B. Ban’kovskiy leg. (ZMMU). 21. Gombori Settlm. vicinity, Kakheti, 41°51.57′ N, 45°13.44′ E, 1,120 m a.s.l., 12 July 1973, 1 juv. (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). 22. Mtskheta Town vicinity, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, 41°50.75′ N, 44°42.28′ E, 560 m a.s.l., 31 May 1907, 1 juv., 1 sad. male, 1 ad. female, 31 July 1908, 1 ad. female, V.B. Ban’kovskiy leg. (Ban’kovskiy, 1913). 23. Akhaldaba Settlm., Samtskhe-Dzhavakheti, 41°55.27′ N, 43°29.53′ E, 840 m a.s.l., 11 May 1959, 1 ad. female, M.A. Voinstvenskiy leg., 12 May 1959, 1 sad. male, A.S. Umanskaya leg. (NMNH). 24. Zekarskiy Pass, Imeretiya, 41°50.42′ N, 42°49. 49′ E, 2,160–2,230 m a.s.l., 22 June 1978, 4 pairs (with 2 feeding nestlings) (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). – Goderdzi Pass W vicinity (6 km), Adzharia, 41°38.34′ N, 42°29.27 ′ E, 1,650 m a.s.l., 29 June 1978, 1 ad. male, 1 ad. female, V.M. Loskot leg. (ZIN), 5 pairs with well flying young birds (V.M. Loskot, unpublished data). – Vale Town vicinity, Samtskhe-Dzhavakheti, 41°36.70′ N, 42°53.94′ E, 1,245 m a.s.l., 24 June 1978, 4 pairs with nestlings (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). – Samiminos-mta Mt., Adzharia, 41°32.85′ N, 42°34.67′ E, 2,530 m a.s.l., 22 June 1893, 1 ad. male, M.A. Menzbier’s coll. (ZIN). Nord-East Turky 25. Arsian Pass W vicinity,“Ipkhreuli” [? Demirkapi Vill.], Shavshat Distr., Artvin Prov., 41°25.22′ N, 42°26.05′ E, 1,800 m a.s.l., 6 Aug.1909, 1 ad. male, P.V. Nesterov leg. (ZIN) (Nesterov, 1911). 26. Ardanuch Town vicinity, Artvin Prov., 41°07.26′ N, 42°02.53′ E, 900 m a.s.l., 24 June 1910, 1 sad. male, P.V. Nesterov leg. (ZIN) (Nesterov (1911). – “Klarzhet” [? Bereket Vill.] vicinity, Ardanuch Distr., 41°04.63′ N, 41°57.84′ E, 1,500 m a.s.l., 20 June 1910, 1 sad. male, 1 sad. female, P.V. Nesterov leg. (ZIN) (Nesterov, 1911). – Gurzhanskiy Pass, Ardahan Prov., 41°05.23′ N, 42°53.31′ E, 1,290 m a.s.l., 15 June 1910, 1 ad. female, P.V. Nesterov leg. (ZIN) (Nesterov, 1911). Armenia 27. Lermontovo Settlm. N vicinity, Lori Prov., 40°45.98′ N, 44°38.03′ E, 2,000 m a.s.l., 12 June 1935, 1 sad. female, E.N. Spangenberg leg. (ZMMU). Azerbaijan 28. Belokany [Balakan] N vicinity (18 km), upper reaches of Tseltykchay River, tributary of Belokanchay River, Balakan Distr., 41°52.60′ N, 46°30.06′ E, 2,150 m a.s.l., 16 July 1983, 1 ad. female, 24 July 1983, 1 sad. male, V.M. Loskot leg. (ZIN). 29. Fil’fili Vill., Oghuz Distr., 41°10.63′ N, 47°24.99′ E, 1,490 m a.s.l., 3 July 1973, 1 ad. male, V.M. Loskot leg. (NMNH). 30. Zurnabad Vill. vicinity, “ Kirovabad Prov. ”, Goygol Distr., 40° 30.71′ N, 46°14.68′ E, 910 m a.s.l., 2 Aug. 1922, 1 juv. (moulting), N.D. Mitrofanov leg. (ZIN). – Dastaphour Vill., Dashkasan Distr., 40°27.00′ N, 46°10.23′ E, 1,380 m a.s.l., 21 July 1974, 1 sad. female, Yu.A. Volnenko leg. (NMNH). 31. Lerik vicinity, Lerik Distr., 38°47.24′ N, 48°25.36′ E, 1,090 m a.s.l., 22 Apr. 1976, breeding pair, V.M. Loskot leg. (ZIN). 32. Dzhoni Vill. N vicinity, Lerik Distr., 38°34.36′ N, 48°30.01′ E, 1,500 m a.s.l., 30 May 1976, breeding pair (V. M. Loskot, unpublished data). List 2. Breeding places of Saxicola maurus variegatus – Variable Eastern Stonechat Russia 1. Matveev Kurgan Settlm. W vicinity (8 km), Rostov Prov., 47°35.55′ N, 38°44.66′ E, 24 m a.s.l., 8 May 2002, 1 sad. male, 24 Apr. 2003, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN) . 2. Karpo-Nikolaevka Settlm., Tuzlov River valley, Rostov Prov., 47°27.97′ N, 39°28.49′ E, 20 m a.s.l., 22 May 1999, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN) . – Nekrasovka Khutor [Settlm.] SE vicinity (3.5 km), Manuchkina ravine, 47°20.14′ N, 39°08.07′ E, 68 m a.s.l., 24 May 1985, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 3. Nizhnekundryuchenskaya Stanitsa [Vill.] SE vicinity, Rostov Prov., 47°43.20′ N, 41°00.07′ E, 12 m a.s.l., 12 May 1989, 1 ad. female, 13 May 1989, 1 sad. male; G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 4. Pirozhok Khutor N vicinity, “Donskoe zaymishche” [floodplain of Don River], Rostov Prov., 47°32.14′ N, 41°25.35′ E, 8 m a.s.l., 23 May 1998, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 5. Rogozhkino Khutor [Settlm.] vicinity, Don River Delta, 47°10.19′ N, 39°21.20′ E, 1 m a.s.l., 15 May 2002, 1 ad., 2 sad. males, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). – Dugino Khutor [Settlm.], Don River Delta, 47°09.47′ N, 39°25.65′ E, 0 m a.s.l., 4 May 1997, 1 ad., 1 sad. males, G.B. Bakhadze, A. Zabashta leg., 30 May 1997, 4 juv., 20 May 1998, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 6. Veselyy Settlm. vicinity, Rostov Prov., 47°07.11′ N, 40°44.56′ E, 1 m a.s.l., 13 May 1993, 1 ad. female, 18 May 1994, 1 ad. male, 1 sad. female, B.A. Kazakov leg. (ZIN). 7. “Aksaysko-Donskoe zaymishche” [floodplain at mouth of Aksay River], Rostov Prov., 47°17.00′ N, 40°15.23′ E, 0 m a.s.l., 2 May 1997, 4 ad., 7 sad. males, G.B. Bakhtadze, A. Zabashta leg. (ZIN). 8. Srednie Khoruli Khutor [Settlm.] S vicinity, Rostov Prov., 46°56.33′ N, 40°28.20′ E, 52 m a.s.l., 16 May 2004, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 9. Aleksandrovka Settlm. vicinity, Azov Distr., Rostov Prov., 46°45.46′ N, 39°00.56′ E, 20 m a.s.l., 7 May 1977, 1 ad. female, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). – Khristichevo foresty, 46°45.37′ N, 39°03.33′ E, 8 m a.s.l., 7 May 1977, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 10. Kugoeyskiy Khutor [Settlm.] vicinity, Kugoeya River valley, Rostov Prov., 46°32.26′ N, 40°09.17′ E, 30 m a.s.l., 23 May 2000, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 11. Proletarsk Town. vicinity, Rostov Prov., 46°42.27′ N, 41°42.63′ E, 14 m a.s.l., 29 Apr. 2003, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 12. Volochaevskiy Settlm. vicinity, Rostov Prov., 46°33.10′ N, 42°40.45′ E, 27 m a.s.l., 1 May 2003, 1 ad., 1 sad. males, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). – Runnyy Settlm., 46°28.60′ N, 42°51.59′ E, 30 m a.s.l., 30 Apr. 2003, 1 sad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 13. Khosheutovo Settlm. vicinity, Astrakhan’ Prov., 47°01.51′ N, 47°47.06′ E, - 25 m a.s.l., 20 May 1993, 1 ad. male, G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 14. Belyy Il’men’ Settlm., Astrakhan’ Prov., 46°26.06′ N, 48°15.09′ E, - 27 m a.s.l., 4 July 1861, 1 sad. male, 2 juv., G.S. Karelin leg. (ZIN). 15. Lineynoe Settlm. vicinity, Astrakhan’ Prov., 46°15.14′ N, 47°25.62′ E, - 24 m a.s.l., 19 May 1993, 1 ad. male, 20 May 1993, 1 ad., 1 sad. males, 1 ad., 1 sad. female, 1 juv., G.B. Bakhtadze leg. (ZIN). 16. Damchik Settlm. N vicinity, Volga Delta, Astrakhan’ Nature Reserve, Astrakhan’ Prov., 45°48.78′ N, 47°54.09′ E, - 30 m a.s.l., 30 May 1961, 1 juv. male, V.M. Gudkov leg. (ZMMU) . 17. Primorsko-Akhtarsk Town vicinity, Krasnodar Terr., 46°01.2′ N, 38°12.1′ E, - 2 m a.s.l., 11 Apr. 1965, 1 ad. male, Yu. Reshetnikov leg. (ZIN). 18. Sladkiy Liman Khutor [Settlm.] vicinity, Krasnodar Terr., 46°10.11′ N, 38°49.14′ E, 0 m a.s.l., 24 Apr. 1977, 1 ad. male, 1 sad. female, B.A. Kazakov leg., 8 Apr. 2000, 1 ad. male, 11 May 2000, 1 ad. female, Markitan leg. (ZIN). 19. Kanevskaya Stanitsa [Vill.] vicinity, Chelbas River valley, Krasnodar Terr., 46°06.42′ N, 38°55.56′ E, 8 m a.s.l., 23, 25 May 1973, 2 ad. male, 21, 22 Apr. 1976, 3 sad. males, B.A. Kazakov leg. (ZIN). 20. Slavyansk-na-Kubani Town vicinity, Krasnodar Terr., 45°16.60′ N, 38 05.39′ E, 3 m a.s.l., 16 June 1969, 2 ad. males, 1 sad. female, B.A. Kazakov leg. (ZIN). 21. Krasnodar vicinity, Krasnodar Terr., 45°03.00′ N, 38°52.78′ E, 21 m a.s.l., 23 July 1965, 1 juv. female, V.S. Ochapovskiy leg. (NMNH), 2 July 1973, 1 ad. male, 10 Aug. 1973, 1 1-st year female, A.M. Peklo leg. (ZMMU). – Novaya Adygeya Aul [Vill.] vicinity, Republic of Adygea, 44°58.97′ N, 39°00.29′ E, 18 m a.s.l., 2 July 1973, 1 juv., 29 Apr. 1974, 1 ad. male, 25 Apr., 1 sad. male, 3, 20 May 1975, 1 ad., 1 sad. males, 20 June 1984, 1 sad. male, 22 June 1984, 2 males, 5 juv., 25 June 1984, 1 male, 1 female, A.M. Peklo leg. (NMNH). 22. Kamyshevakha Settlm. S vicinity (10 km), Krasnodar Terr., 45°07.80′ N, 41°16.61′ E, 270 m a.s.l., 22 June 1961, 1 sad. male, V. Zharov leg. (ZIN). 23. Stavropol’ SE vicinity, Stavropol’ Terr., 44°59.47′ N, 42°07.40′ E, 480 m a.s.l., 12 June 2000, 1 ad. male, 1 ad. female, A.A. Likhovid, M.G. Sharova leg. (ZMMU). 24. Tuguluk Settlm., Stavropol’ Terr., 45°19.79′ N, 42°15.74′ E, 300 m a.s.l., 10 Apr. 2018, 3 ad. males, 1 ad. female, “D.A.” [collector unknown] (ZMMU). 25. Velichaevskoe Settlm. vicinity, Kuma River floodplain, Stavropol’ Terr., 44°55.33′ N, 45°08.46′ E, 27 m a.s.l., 10, 12 May 1969, 2 ad. males, B.A Kazakov leg., 3 May 1972, 3 ad. males, V.P. Belik, N.S. Oleynikov leg., 5 May 1972, 1 sad. male, N.S. Oleynikov leg. (ZIN). 26. Kumskoy Settlm. vicinity, Republic of Kalmykia, 44°58.12′ N, 46°04.64′ E, - 10 m a.s.l., 14 May 1962, 1 ad. male, B.A. Kazakov leg. (ZMMU). – Kuma River, floodplain in lower reaches, Republic of Dagestan, 44°55.94′ N, 46°12.51′ E, - 12 m a.s.l., 2 May 1962, 1 ad. male, 5, 8 May 1962, 2 sad. males, N.Kh. Lomadze leg., 8 July 1965, 1 juv. male, 9 July 1965, 1 juv. female, V. Kharchenko leg. (ZIN). 27. Kislovodsk Town vicinity, Stavropol’ Terr., 43°53.14′ N, 42°42.19′ E, 930 m a.s.l., 7 June 1886, 1 sad. male, F.K. Lorenz leg. (ZIN), 2 Aug. 1949, 1 ad. male, 3 Aug. 1949, 1 1-st year male, I. Marisova leg. (ZMKU). 28. Pyatigorsk Town vicinity, Stavropol’ Terr., 44°03.05′ N, 43°04.45′ E, 640 m a.s.l., 20 May [year unknown], 1 sad. male, F.K. Lorenz leg. (ZIN). 29. Prokhladnyy Town, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, 43°45.11′ N, 44°05.79′ E, 180 m a.s.l., 25 May 1958, 1 ad. female, S.P. Chunikhin leg. (ZMMU), 2 July 1883, 1 juv. male, K.N. Rossikov leg. (ZIN). – Soldatskaya Stanitsa [Vill.], Malka River valley, 43°48.25′ N, 43°49.16′ E, 250 m a.s.l., 12 July 1882, 1 sad. male, K.N. Rossikov leg. (ZIN). 30. Arik Settlm., Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, 43°35.54′ N, 44°06.95′ E, 220 m a.s.l., 23 Aug. 1920, 1 1-st year male, L.B. Beme leg. (ZMMU)., Published as part of Loskot, V. M. & Bakhtadze, G. B., 2020, Distribution, systematics and nomenclature of the three taxa of Common Stonechats (Aves, Passeriformes, Muscicapidae, Saxicola) that breed in the Caucasian region, pp. 33-57 in Zoosystematica Rossica (Zoosyst. 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SM9: Cyornis omissus omississimus, subspecies nova (Togian Jungle-Flycatcher; urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A22FC10-1310-4394-AC6A-4FE86125A4ED ) Frank E. Rheindt, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Hidayat Ashari, Suparno, Chyi Yin Gwee MZB.Ornit.34.483 (fig. S13); adult male collected 26 Dec 2013 at Dolomino Forest (~ 150m) near Tanimpo village, desa Wakai, island of Batudaka, Togian Archipelago (S 00⁰ 26.042 '; E 121⁰ 51.357 '). Collected by the Rheindt / LIPI field party, including tissue samples from breast muscle and liver; skin prepared by Suparno; field number Tog09; no body and wing molt; low fat; weight 17.5g; wing length 7.5cm; wing spread 22cm; total length 14cm; bill 1.4cm; tail 6.1cm; tarsus 1.8cm. Lower forehead and narrow supercilium iridescent blue (5PB 5/10), grading out behind eye; crown and mantle darker, duller blue (7.5PB 2/10); lores and chin black grading into blackish-blue (7.5PB 1/2) on sides of face and sides of throat; large brilliant iridescent blue carpal patch concolorous with or slightly paler than supercilium; rest of wing as mantle, with outermost remiges becoming increasingly blackish; rectrices blackish on both sides, grading into a subdued ultramarine blue (2.5PB 3/4) from inner towards outer webs on upper side; throat orange-rufous (7.5YR 7/10) grading into darker, more chestnut hue on centre of breast (5YR 4/8) and back into throat color towards lower underparts, with a slightly paler center of belly and vent (7.5YR 7/8); breast sides dark blue (7.5PB 2/6); bill entirely black, iris very dark brown; tarsi, toes and claws in life greyish-horn with paler yellowish soles. Taxonomic treatment in this publication follows the latest classification of Cyornis flycatchers by Gwee et al. (7 4). The new Cyornis omissus omississimus is a mid-sized jungle - flycatcher with dark blue upperparts and rufous-chestnut underparts, obviously belonging to the Mangrove Jungle-Flycatcher C. rufigastra radiation, and within it clearly assignable to the geographically adjacent Sulawesi Jungle-Flycatcher C. omissus. In bare parts, the consistently darker tarsi, toes and claws of both sexes distinguish this new subspecies not only from C. omissus omissus (Sulawesi), but also from C. rufigastra rufigastra (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo), C. r. longipennis (Karimunjawa Island), C. r. rhizophorae (Java, Bangka, Belitung) and C. r. karimatensis (Karimata Island). In plumage, the all-rufous underparts of both sexes of C. o. omississimus distinctly differ from the extensive white belly and throat of C. kalaoensis, the white throat of C. omissus djampeanus, and the white bellies of Philippine subspecies of C. rufigastra (mindorensis, simplex, marinduquensis, philippinensis). Both sexes of the new taxon also differ from most remaining subspecies of C. rufigastra (including rufigastra, rhizophorae, longipennis and karimatensis) in their less pale, more intensely rufous belly. The male differs from C. omissus omissus, C. o. peromissus (Salayar Island), C. rufigastra longipennis, C. r. rufigastra, C. r. rhizophorae and C. r. karimatensis in his broader, blacker face mask resulting in a narrower orange-rufous throat strip. The female differs from C. o. omissus and C. o. peromissus in her darker, richer blue upperparts lacking any strong brownish or greyish suffusion (including on auriculars) and contrasting more with the throat, and in her slightly greater extent of rufous (admixed with dark speckling) on the front of the face. The female also differs from C. r. rufigastra, C. r. karimatensis, C. r. longipennis, and C. r. rhizophorae in her more brilliant blue upperparts and rufous, less extensive (not white and more extensive) loral area, which does not wrap around the bill base in the new taxon. The names of two other subspecies, nominate C. o. omissus (Hartert, 1896) (‘neglected’ or ‘omitted’) from Sulawesi and C. o. peromissus Hartert, 1920 (‘extremely neglected’) from Selayar Island, were based on the impression that the description of these birds had escaped the attention of researchers for too long. The presently described taxon, only discovered in the 21 st century, fulfils that criterion even more adequately, so we take pleasure in naming it omississimus (‘the most neglected’), superlative of ‘omissus’. The immature plumage remains undocumented. The only two male specimens known to exist (holotype and MZB.Ornit.34.488) show minimal plumage variation, the only difference perhaps being the latter specimen’s slightly brighter, more brilliant rump and darker, more blackish tarsus and claws in life. As compared to males, the three female specimens have a duller blue supercilium (but still discernible), lack a black chin, have prominent rufous spectacles over a narrow blackish stripe through the cere, the rufous continuing to the lower sides of the face where it is finely speckled dark (in two of three females the speckling continues to the throat sides), and have much less dark blackish-blue auriculars, contrasting less with the rufous throat. The female’s upperparts are less brilliant blue. One of the three female specimens is slightly paler on the tarsus and claws. The new subspecies was first reported by Indrawan et al. (13 3), who documented the sighting of a female on 15 May 2001 and a male on 29 July 2001 at 50-100m elevation around Benteng on the main island of Togian, and pointed out that this new population may be an undescribed subspecies. Following their footsteps, Filip Verbelen (pers. comm.) made the first sound recordings of the new population in December 2008 when studying a few individuals on Kadidiri, a tiny forested tourist resort island off the coast of Togian measuring ~4km in length and less than 1km in width. A few days later, F. Verbelen moved to Batudaka, one of the three main islands of the archipelago, where he found additional individuals in coastal forest near the capital town of Wakai. FER visited Batudaka Island from 23-27 April 2009 and observed this new population. On our collecting trip, we visited Batudaka from 24-28 Dec 2013 and found this taxon to be common in the forests outside the capital town of Wakai, collecting the present material in the process (19). The new subspecies is known from the Togian Archipelago in the Gulf of Tomini, a satellite group of islands between the northern and eastern peninsulas of Sulawesi. More specifically, to the best of our knowledge the new subspecies has so far been found on the two main islands of Togian and Batudaka, as well as on the tiny islet of Kadidiri off Togian, where it is common in remnant forest and edge from near sea level to at least ~200m elevation. However, it is likely that the birds occur up to the highest elevations at ~430m on these islands. More field research is required to map this subspecies’ occurrence on other islands in this archipelago. Its presence on some of the larger, forest-covered islands in close proximity to Batudaka and Togian, such as Talatakoh, Waleakodi and Waleabahi, is virtually guaranteed, given its occurrence on tiny Kadidiri. However, its presence on slightly more distant islands, such as Puah (at ~18km from the main archipelago) and Unauna (at ~28km from the main archipelago) is less certain, although these latter islands are connected to the main archipelago by shallow sea-beds not exceeding 120m depth, indicating that they would have been connected with one another during glacial sea level recessions. On the main island of Sulawesi, the newly described omississimus is replaced by the nominate taxon omissus. Unusually, however, the nominate form on Sulawesi is a hill and montane forest denizen, occurring from 500-2300m elevation and shunning lowland forest habitats in stark contrast to the new subspecies. The new subspecies appears to be moderately tolerant to habitat disturbance where small-scale timber extraction leads to a secondarization of primary forest. However, the taxon disappears where forest is converted into agricultural land. Although Togian’s forests are quickly dwindling, with most remnants by now secondary and restricted to inland locations away from the coast, far more than half of the islands should still be suitable for the new taxon, making it safe for the time being. The proposed English name of this new taxon follows a recent trend [e.g. (57)] to call members of the genus Cyornis ‘jungle-flycatchers’ rather than ‘blue-flycatchers’ because molecular data (13 4) and bioacoustic considerations (57, 7 4) strongly suggest a merger of many members of the previously recognized jungle-flycatcher genus Rhinomyias with Cyornis. Given that numerous species in the resultant genus Cyornis are no longer blue but entirely brown, the name ‘blue-flycatcher’, while formerly appropriate, is no longer suitable for this genus. Although distinguishable from other subspecies of C. omissus in terms of plumage characters (see Diagnosis), omississimus is quite similar to them in general coloration. At any rate, plumage coloration is not an ideal taxonomic indicator in Cyornis jungle-flycatchers, many of which boast a highly conserved male plumage sporting blue upperparts and reddish underparts. Other characters, such as bioacoustic and genetic ones, may be more conducive to guiding taxonomic decision-making in Cyornis. We recently published a bioacoustic comparison on the basis of six vocal parameters among members of the greater C. rufigastra radiation, showing that the song of the newly described omississimus from Togian exhibits considerable vocal overlap with the songs of all three analyzed subspecies of C. omissus, while distinctly differing from C. rufigastra and C. kalaoensis [see figure 2 in (7 4)]. This vocal evidence along with Togian’s proximity to Sulawesi suggest a placement of omississimus as a subspecies of C. omissus. In addition to bioacoustic analyses, we recently published a phylogenetic comparison of constituents of the C. rufigastra radiation using the cytochrome- b (cyt- b) gene, showing that there is virtually zero pairwise mitochondrial divergence between C. o. omissus from montane Sulawesi and the newly described subspecies C. o. omississimus [see figure 2 in (7 4)]. Based on a lack of deep differentiation in both bioacoustic and genetic evidence, we propose to classify this new taxon at the subspecies level. Upon first discovery in the field, we were generally impressed by its lowland forest occurrence, which stands in contrast to the montane forest requirements of the nominate subspecies omissus from Sulawesi. This pronounced difference in habitat preference was given much weight in supporting species- level recognition of the new Togian population in a recently published field guide to the region (57). However, given Gwee et al.’s (7 4) newly published data, the latter treatment has ultimately proved erroneous.

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SM9: Cyornis omissus omississimus, subspecies nova (Togian Jungle-Flycatcher; urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A22FC10-1310-4394-AC6A-4FE86125A4ED ) Frank E. Rheindt, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Hidayat Ashari, Suparno, Chyi Yin Gwee MZB.Ornit.34.483 (fig. S13); adult male collected 26 Dec 2013 at Dolomino Forest (~ 150m) near Tanimpo village, desa Wakai, island of Batudaka, Togian Archipelago (S 00��� 26.042 '; E 121��� 51.357 '). Collected by the Rheindt / LIPI field party, including tissue samples from breast muscle and liver; skin prepared by Suparno; field number Tog09; no body and wing molt; low fat; weight 17.5g; wing length 7.5cm; wing spread 22cm; total length 14cm; bill 1.4cm; tail 6.1cm; tarsus 1.8cm. Lower forehead and narrow supercilium iridescent blue (5PB 5/10), grading out behind eye; crown and mantle darker, duller blue (7.5PB 2/10); lores and chin black grading into blackish-blue (7.5PB 1/2) on sides of face and sides of throat; large brilliant iridescent blue carpal patch concolorous with or slightly paler than supercilium; rest of wing as mantle, with outermost remiges becoming increasingly blackish; rectrices blackish on both sides, grading into a subdued ultramarine blue (2.5PB 3/4) from inner towards outer webs on upper side; throat orange-rufous (7.5YR 7/10) grading into darker, more chestnut hue on centre of breast (5YR 4/8) and back into throat color towards lower underparts, with a slightly paler center of belly and vent (7.5YR 7/8); breast sides dark blue (7.5PB 2/6); bill entirely black, iris very dark brown; tarsi, toes and claws in life greyish-horn with paler yellowish soles. Taxonomic treatment in this publication follows the latest classification of Cyornis flycatchers by Gwee et al. (7 4). The new Cyornis omissus omississimus is a mid-sized jungle - flycatcher with dark blue upperparts and rufous-chestnut underparts, obviously belonging to the Mangrove Jungle-Flycatcher C. rufigastra radiation, and within it clearly assignable to the geographically adjacent Sulawesi Jungle-Flycatcher C. omissus. In bare parts, the consistently darker tarsi, toes and claws of both sexes distinguish this new subspecies not only from C. omissus omissus (Sulawesi), but also from C. rufigastra rufigastra (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo), C. r. longipennis (Karimunjawa Island), C. r. rhizophorae (Java, Bangka, Belitung) and C. r. karimatensis (Karimata Island). In plumage, the all-rufous underparts of both sexes of C. o. omississimus distinctly differ from the extensive white belly and throat of C. kalaoensis, the white throat of C. omissus djampeanus, and the white bellies of Philippine subspecies of C. rufigastra (mindorensis, simplex, marinduquensis, philippinensis). Both sexes of the new taxon also differ from most remaining subspecies of C. rufigastra (including rufigastra, rhizophorae, longipennis and karimatensis) in their less pale, more intensely rufous belly. The male differs from C. omissus omissus, C. o. peromissus (Salayar Island), C. rufigastra longipennis, C. r. rufigastra, C. r. rhizophorae and C. r. karimatensis in his broader, blacker face mask resulting in a narrower orange-rufous throat strip. The female differs from C. o. omissus and C. o. peromissus in her darker, richer blue upperparts lacking any strong brownish or greyish suffusion (including on auriculars) and contrasting more with the throat, and in her slightly greater extent of rufous (admixed with dark speckling) on the front of the face. The female also differs from C. r. rufigastra, C. r. karimatensis, C. r. longipennis, and C. r. rhizophorae in her more brilliant blue upperparts and rufous, less extensive (not white and more extensive) loral area, which does not wrap around the bill base in the new taxon. The names of two other subspecies, nominate C. o. omissus (Hartert, 1896) (���neglected��� or ���omitted���) from Sulawesi and C. o. peromissus Hartert, 1920 (���extremely neglected���) from Selayar Island, were based on the impression that the description of these birds had escaped the attention of researchers for too long. The presently described taxon, only discovered in the 21 st century, fulfils that criterion even more adequately, so we take pleasure in naming it omississimus (���the most neglected���), superlative of ���omissus���. The immature plumage remains undocumented. The only two male specimens known to exist (holotype and MZB.Ornit.34.488) show minimal plumage variation, the only difference perhaps being the latter specimen���s slightly brighter, more brilliant rump and darker, more blackish tarsus and claws in life. As compared to males, the three female specimens have a duller blue supercilium (but still discernible), lack a black chin, have prominent rufous spectacles over a narrow blackish stripe through the cere, the rufous continuing to the lower sides of the face where it is finely speckled dark (in two of three females the speckling continues to the throat sides), and have much less dark blackish-blue auriculars, contrasting less with the rufous throat. The female���s upperparts are less brilliant blue. One of the three female specimens is slightly paler on the tarsus and claws. The new subspecies was first reported by Indrawan et al. (13 3), who documented the sighting of a female on 15 May 2001 and a male on 29 July 2001 at 50-100m elevation around Benteng on the main island of Togian, and pointed out that this new population may be an undescribed subspecies. Following their footsteps, Filip Verbelen (pers. comm.) made the first sound recordings of the new population in December 2008 when studying a few individuals on Kadidiri, a tiny forested tourist resort island off the coast of Togian measuring ~4km in length and less than 1km in width. A few days later, F. Verbelen moved to Batudaka, one of the three main islands of the archipelago, where he found additional individuals in coastal forest near the capital town of Wakai. FER visited Batudaka Island from 23-27 April 2009 and observed this new population. On our collecting trip, we visited Batudaka from 24-28 Dec 2013 and found this taxon to be common in the forests outside the capital town of Wakai, collecting the present material in the process (19). The new subspecies is known from the Togian Archipelago in the Gulf of Tomini, a satellite group of islands between the northern and eastern peninsulas of Sulawesi. More specifically, to the best of our knowledge the new subspecies has so far been found on the two main islands of Togian and Batudaka, as well as on the tiny islet of Kadidiri off Togian, where it is common in remnant forest and edge from near sea level to at least ~200m elevation. However, it is likely that the birds occur up to the highest elevations at ~430m on these islands. More field research is required to map this subspecies��� occurrence on other islands in this archipelago. Its presence on some of the larger, forest-covered islands in close proximity to Batudaka and Togian, such as Talatakoh, Waleakodi and Waleabahi, is virtually guaranteed, given its occurrence on tiny Kadidiri. However, its presence on slightly more distant islands, such as Puah (at ~18km from the main archipelago) and Unauna (at ~28km from the main archipelago) is less certain, although these latter islands are connected to the main archipelago by shallow sea-beds not exceeding 120m depth, indicating that they would have been connected with one another during glacial sea level recessions. On the main island of Sulawesi, the newly described omississimus is replaced by the nominate taxon omissus. Unusually, however, the nominate form on Sulawesi is a hill and montane forest denizen, occurring from 500-2300m elevation and shunning lowland forest habitats in stark contrast to the new subspecies. The new subspecies appears to be moderately tolerant to habitat disturbance where small-scale timber extraction leads to a secondarization of primary forest. However, the taxon disappears where forest is converted into agricultural land. Although Togian���s forests are quickly dwindling, with most remnants by now secondary and restricted to inland locations away from the coast, far more than half of the islands should still be suitable for the new taxon, making it safe for the time being. The proposed English name of this new taxon follows a recent trend [e.g. (57)] to call members of the genus Cyornis ���jungle-flycatchers��� rather than ���blue-flycatchers��� because molecular data (13 4) and bioacoustic considerations (57, 7 4) strongly suggest a merger of many members of the previously recognized jungle-flycatcher genus Rhinomyias with Cyornis. Given that numerous species in the resultant genus Cyornis are no longer blue but entirely brown, the name ���blue-flycatcher���, while formerly appropriate, is no longer suitable for this genus. Although distinguishable from other subspecies of C. omissus in terms of plumage characters (see Diagnosis), omississimus is quite similar to them in general coloration. At any rate, plumage coloration is not an ideal taxonomic indicator in Cyornis jungle-flycatchers, many of which boast a highly conserved male plumage sporting blue upperparts and reddish underparts. Other characters, such as bioacoustic and genetic ones, may be more conducive to guiding taxonomic decision-making in Cyornis. We recently published a bioacoustic comparison on the basis of six vocal parameters among members of the greater C. rufigastra radiation, showing that the song of the newly described omississimus from Togian exhibits considerable vocal overlap with the songs of all three analyzed subspecies of C. omissus, while distinctly differing from C. rufigastra and C. kalaoensis [see figure 2 in (7 4)]. This vocal evidence along with Togian���s proximity to Sulawesi suggest a placement of omississimus as a subspecies of C. omissus. In addition to bioacoustic analyses, we recently published a phylogenetic comparison of constituents of the C. rufigastra radiation using the cytochrome- b (cyt- b) gene, showing that there is virtually zero pairwise mitochondrial divergence between C. o. omissus from montane Sulawesi and the newly described subspecies C. o. omississimus [see figure 2 in (7 4)]. Based on a lack of deep differentiation in both bioacoustic and genetic evidence, we propose to classify this new taxon at the subspecies level. Upon first discovery in the field, we were generally impressed by its lowland forest occurrence, which stands in contrast to the montane forest requirements of the nominate subspecies omissus from Sulawesi. This pronounced difference in habitat preference was given much weight in supporting species- level recognition of the new Togian population in a recently published field guide to the region (57). However, given Gwee et al.���s (7 4) newly published data, the latter treatment has ultimately proved erroneous., Published as part of Rheindt, Frank E., Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., Ashar, Hidayat, Lee, Geraldine W. X., Wu, Meng Yue & Ng, Nathaniel S. R., 2020, A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna (supplement), pp. 1-104 in Science 36 on pages 57-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3608758, {"references":["19. F. E. Rheindt, D. M. Prawiradilaga, S. Suparno, H. Ashari, P. R. Wilton, New and significant island records, range extensions and elevational extensions of birds in eastern Sulawesi, its nearby satellites, and Ternate. Treubia 41, 61 - 90 (2014).","57. J. A. Eaton, S. van Balen, N. W. Brickle, F. E. Rheindt, Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and Wallacea. (Lynx Edicions, 2016)."]}

SM11: Ficedula hyperythra betinabiru, subspecies nova (Taliabu Snowy-browed Flycatcher; urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6DE2022E-82E4-4478-B0C2-D3AC9505C31A) Frank E. Rheindt, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Hidayat Ashari, Suparno MZB.Ornit.34.377 (fig. S15); adult male collected 10 Dec 2013 at Waiyo dinahana Camp (~ 1200m) above Wahe village on Taliabu Island (S 01��� 47.614 '; E 124��� 48.216 '). Collected by the Rheindt / LIPI field party, including tissue samples from breast muscle and liver; skin prepared by Suparno; field number Tbu44; no body and wing molt; medium fat; weight 11.5g; wing length 6.4cm; wing spread 17.7cm; total length 10.5cm; bill 1.1cm; tail 4.9cm; tarsus 2.1cm. Forehead to crown and nape dark slaty blue (2.5PB 2/2) with slightly scaly appearance generated through narrow black feather centres; the same color, but without the scaly appearance, then continues through mantle and scapulars to rump. A white supercilium starts above the centre of the eye and ends just shy of the bill base, becoming narrower towards the front. A black facial patch centred in the loral region and below the supercilium to the chin (with narrow rows of black feathers above the bill base) grades into dark slaty blue coloration (2.5PB 1.5/2) towards the auriculars and the malar and moustachial regions, merging with the nape and mantle. Upperwing coverts largely concolorous with crown, with vestiges of an extremely indistinct brighter carpal patch visible with difficulty on this specimen. Remiges are dark slaty brown (10YR 2.5/1), the larger primaries with warmer, paler outer edging (10YR 4/2). Breast intensely rufous (7.5YR 7/12), becoming slightly paler on throat and upper flanks, and becoming pale cinnamon-whitish on belly and lower flanks (7.5YR 9/4), and eventually off-white on undertail coverts. Tail dull black on upper side, blackish-grey (N2) on underside, with indistinct white base to outermost rectrices. Iris dark-brown; legs light-pink; black bill with pinkish gape flange on live bird. An unequivocal member of the Snowy-browed Flycatcher Ficedula hyperythra, and one of its most easterly outposts, with minor plumage distinctions in the male and major plumage distinctions in the female, a combination of which conclusively demarcates this new taxon from other subspecies. The male subtly differs from adjacent insular subspecies to the south and to the west, namely from the two Sulawesi subspecies (jugosae, annalisa), from sumatrana (Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo), from vulcani (Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores), and from alifura (Buru), in the reduction of white patches at the base of the outer tail feathers, and in the slightly less extensive rufous underparts, replaced on the belly by pale cinnamon- whitish. In contrast, males of the only subspecies to the east and north (pallidipectus from Bacan Island) are markedly paler on the underparts than the males of this new subspecies, and have more contrastingly olive flanks. The white supercilium in males of the new subspecies is narrower than that of at least sumatrana, vulcani, and alifura. The female is highly distinct from most subspecies of F. hyperythra in her bluish (versus olive, brown or grey-brown) upperparts coloration, extensive cold-brown mottling on breast (versus little to none), and a washed-out face pattern ghosting that of the male, with a whiter (versus rufous) brow. The only other subspecies that equals female F. h. betinabiru in her bluish tinge to the upperparts is alifura from adjacent Buru, in which the back color is ever so slightly brighter-blue. Compared to the new subspecies, the female of alifura exhibits a more rufous (less white) eye brow, and brighter and more extensive rufous underparts with less brown mottling. The subspecific epithet comprises the words for ���blue female��� in Bahasa Indonesia (betina biru), drawing attention to the bluish upperparts in females of this subspecies, a rare trait within the species. The name is a noun in apposition. Only adult specimens have been procured, although a photo of a pullus near the nest suggests an early juvenile plumage similar to other subspecies. Among adults, tarsus color as recorded in the field on live birds appears to vary individually from light-pink to pinkish-horn. There is minor variation among the nine adult male specimens procured in the lower extent of the rufous breast, the intensity of the cinnamon wash to the belly, thickness of the supercilium and the extent of vestigial white patches on the basal outer rectrices. There is minor variation among the five adult female specimens in the intensity of brown mottling on the underparts, width and paleness of the supercilium and the presence or absence of a slight brownish tinge to the lowermost mantle portion. This new subspecies of Snowy-browed Flycatcher was first encountered by the University of East Anglia expedition to Taliabu in 1991 (64, 9 8). Members of that survey found the new taxon predominantly at the highest altitude they reached (roughly 800m) and suggested that it may be a novel subspecies. FER then saw one adult male at 1100m during his visit to the highlands of western Taliabu on 5 April 2009 (48). We returned to this general area between 6-16 December 2013, where we found betinabiru as one of the most common constituents of the forest interior understorey avifauna and collected the type and accompanying individuals at ~1300m (19). Subspecies betinabiru is currently only known from the understorey of dense montane forest in the highlands of Taliabu at above 800m elevation (19, 48, 64, 9 8). Extensive logging has occurred across the highlands of Taliabu, with some parts of the mountains additionally affected by large-scale forest fires (see Taliabu Grasshopper-Warbler account in SM3; fig. S2). As an understory inhabitant, betinabiru would be particularly susceptible to this kind of habitat degradation and is therefore probably declining. Nevertheless, it remains extremely common where good habitat persists, as indicated by our high mistnet capture rates (19). To the best of our knowledge, Snowy-browed Flycatchers have not been detected on the two other main islands of the Sula Archipelago, although their occurrence is possible at least on Mangole, which rises to 1,127m, while very unlikely on Sanana, which does not rise taller than ~600m. If confirmed on Mangole, it is likely that the local population would refer to the same subspecies betinabiru. On the adjacent Banggai Archipelago, a single Snowy-browed Flycatcher was recorded once in April 2009 at 800-900m on the tallest island of Peleng (49). To the best of our knowledge, there have not been subsequent records from this island despite extensive fieldwork. In the absence of photos or closer details about the single Peleng record, it is impossible to ascertain whether the Peleng population is ascribable to betinabiru, to one of the two Sulawesi races (annalisa, jugosae) or to a novel unnamed subspecies. We describe this new taxon on the basis of its characteristic plumage (especially in females). These plumage distinctions certainly warrant a description at the subspecific level as they exceed those of several more poorly marked subspecies within this complex (e.g. annalisa [Stresemann, 1931], which only subtly differs from jugosae [Riley, 1921]). Bioacoustic variation in this species complex is poorly explored, but the high-pitched courtship vocalization of the new subspecies superficially resembles that of many other subspecies, and playback of songs from other subspecies elicits a ready response from members of this population. Genetic differences between the new taxon and other subspecies remain unexplored., Published as part of Rheindt, Frank E., Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., Ashar, Hidayat, Lee, Geraldine W. X., Wu, Meng Yue & Ng, Nathaniel S. R., 2020, A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna (supplement), pp. 1-104 in Science 36 on pages 68-72, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3608758, {"references":["48. F. E. Rheindt, New biogeographic records for the avifauna of Taliabu (Sula Islands, Indonesia), with the preliminary documentation of two previously undiscovered taxa. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 130, 33 - 51 (2010).","19. F. E. Rheindt, D. M. Prawiradilaga, S. Suparno, H. Ashari, P. R. Wilton, New and significant island records, range extensions and elevational extensions of birds in eastern Sulawesi, its nearby satellites, and Ternate. Treubia 41, 61 - 90 (2014).","49. F. E. Rheindt, F. Verbelen, D. D. Putra, A. Rahman, M. Indrawan, New biogeographic records in the avifauna of Peleng Island (Sulawesi, Indonesia), with taxonomic notes on some endemic taxa. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 130, 181 - 207 (2010)."]}

A new species of the feather mite genus Proterothrix (Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) is described from the Large Niltava Niltava grandis (Blyth) (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae) in northeast India (Meghalaya, Jaintia Hills, Shnongrim village). Proterothrix chachulae Constantinescu, sp. n. differs from all known species of the genus by having in males the aedeagus with bilobate tip. The morphological description is supplemented with molecular characterisation of a fragment f near the 5` terminus of the mitochondrial COI gene.

Emarginata Ballantyne gen. nov. Figs 73−75 Type species: Luciola trilucida Jeng et al. 2003b by monotypy. Diagnosis. Emarginata gen. nov. is a S. E. Asian genus having orange pronotum, and black elytra having the unique feature of a slight emargination at their apices, and from which it derives its name. It belongs in a group of genera characterized by: an elongate slender aedeagus with LL largely concealed behind the ML when viewed from beneath; aedeagal sheath elongate slender, widest across middle, without bulbous paraprocts, and with both sides of posterior half of sheath sternite tapering evenly towards a narrow entire apex; pronotal width less than width across elytral humeri, parallel-sided elytra, no MFC. It is distinguished from all other Luciolinae genera by the emarginations of the posterior end of the elytra in males and from which it derives its name. Additionally males are distinguished from Colophotia in having no median carina on V7, nor expanded and oblique PLP, or bipartite LOs in V7; from Pteroptyx in having no MFC, nor deflexed elytral apices, bulbous aedeagal sheath paraprocts and bipartite LOs in V7; from Pyrophanes (which has a MFC) and P. testacea (which has no MFC) in not having incurving lobes along V7, or bipartite LO in V7; from Trisinuata by the entire LOs in V7 (those of Trisinuata are bipartite); from most Medeopteryx in not having deflexed elytral apices and trisinuate V7. It differs from Inflata indica in not having either the bulbous ML of the aedeagus or paraprocts on the aedeagal sheath. Male. Pronotum (Jeng et al. 2003b fig.1): dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense; anterior margin not explanate; lateral margins diverging posteriorly along most of their length (C> A, B); width Hypomera: closed; median area of hypomeron not elevated in vertical direction; median area more widely flattened than elsewhere; pronotal width/ GHW 1.2. Elytron (Jeng et al. 2003b fig.2): punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; apices emarginated; epipleuron and sutural ridge extend beyond mid-point, almost to apex but not extending around emarginated apex, neither thickened in apical half; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from below epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus; viewed from above anterior margin of epipleuron arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided; apex narrowly emarginated transversely with the outer edge (the lateral margin) forming a small hook.. Head: moderately depressed between eyes; well exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close to moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, without median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, separated by et al. 2003b fig. 3). Antennae 11 segmented; length> GHW up to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS1 not shorter than pedicel. Legs: with inner tarsal claw not split; without MFC; femora 3 not swollen and curved and tibiae 3 not curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen (Jeng et al. 2003b figs 5, 7; figs): without cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V7 entire, occupying almost all of V7, and reaching to sides and posterior margin (Jeng et al. 2003b fig.7); PLP not developed; posterior half of V7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO emarginate; LO present in V6, occupying almost all V6. Functional LO not present in V5. MPP present, symmetrical, apex slightly medianly emarginated (Jeng et al. 2003b fig. 7) or squarely truncate, not laterally compressed, short (L = W), not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T8 apex, without dorsal ridge, median longitudinal trough. V7 without median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘dimple’, or reflexed lobes. T7 without prolonged anterolateral corners. T8: (Jeng et al. 2003b fig. 6) symmetrical, W=L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, median posterior margin shallowly and narrowly emarginate; T8 lateral margins subparallel-sided; without prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V7; T8 ventral surface without well-developed median longitudinal trough, without lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T8 very short and wide (Jeng et al. 2003b fig. 6), not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, expanded only in horizontal plane; without bifurcation of inner margin and ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T8 not enfolding sides of V7. Aedeagal sheath: (Jeng et al. 2003b fig. 10) approx. 4 times as long as wide; without bulbous paraprocts; symmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite tapers evenly to a narrow, rounded apex; anterior half of sternite relatively narrow, apically rounded; tergite without lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite without projecting pieces along posterior margin of T9, anterior margin without transverse band. Aedeagus: (Jeng et al. 2003b figs 11A, B) L/W 3.0; LL lack lateral appendages; apices of LL not visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL/ML narrow; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, contiguous or closely approaching along inner dorsal margins; LL narrowly separated longitudinally by most of their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is slightly narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded in horizontal plane; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated; LL without lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, apices of LL not inturned, nor out-turned; without projection on left LL; inner margins without slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, without paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female (Jeng et al. 2003b fig. 8). Macropterous and observed in flight; (Jeng et al. 2003: 251 observed a flight period beginning just after sunset, with peak numbers reached after about 25 minutes and cessation of activity after another five minutes). Pronotum without irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotal width less than humeral width; without indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner; outline similar to that of male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum, nor evenly spaced; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and /or curved. LO in V6 only, without any elevations or depressions or ridges on V7; median posterior margin of V7 widely and very shallowly emarginate; median posterior margin of V8 very shallowly emarginated. Bursa plates not investigated. Larva. Not reliably associated. Etymology. Emarginata (feminine) is a noun latinised from the English word emarginate reflecting the nature of the emarginated elytral apices in the male. Remarks. The distinctiveness of this species was established from phylogenetic inference from prior analysis (Jusoh et al. 2018).

Emarginata trilucida (Jeng et al. 2003b) comb. nov. Luciola trilucida Jeng et al. 2003b: 249. Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013 fig.3 blue number 2. Fu 2014: 28. Type. Male. TAIWAN. (NMNS). Other specimens examined. THAILAND. S.N. = Sorasak Nak-eiam. 16°06’ N, 99°06’ E, Kamphaeng Phet province, Khlong Lan district, 1,302 msl., 16.vi.2007, lower montane forest, 6 males (SN˗ KPB ˗002) S.N. (NUNHM). 16°11’ N, 99°16’ E, Kamphaeng Phet province, Khlong Lan district, 237 msl., 13.vi.2012, dry evergreen forest, 3 males (SN ˗ KPB ˗019) S.N. (NUNHM). 16°06’ N, 99°06’ E, Kamphaeng Phet province, Khlong Lan district, 1,302 msl., 14.vi.2012, lower montane forest, 2 males (SN ˗ KPB ˗025) S.N. (NUNHM). 19°16’ N, 98°33’ E, Mae Hong Son province, Pai district, 1,187 msl., 3.vi.2011, pine forest, 1 male (SN ˗ MSB ˗029) S.N. (NUNHM). 16°60’ N, 101°00’ E, Phitsanulok province, Nakhon Thai district, 1,200 msl., 15.vii.2013, lower montane forest, 1 male (SN ˗ PLB ˗040) S.N. (NUNHM). Diagnosis. A small species with orange pronotum and very dark brown elytra, immediately distinguished by the emargination of the elytral apex in the male. Remarks. Jeng et al. (2003b: 251) recorded this species could emit light through their three segmented LOs. It is unlikely that the LO exists in more than ventrites 6 and 7. Many Luciolinae having dark coloured ventrites anterior to the LO in V6 also have pale coloured V5 which would appear to illuminate when the LO is flashing. On live specimens Fu only observed luminosity through V6 and 7 (X H Fu pers. comm.) and his illustrations of the ventral surface reveal sparse pale markings on the posterior surface of V5 only (Fu 2014: 29). Chen’s (2003) Luciola sp. 2 on page 167 is L. trilucida (Jeng pers. comm)., Published as part of Ho, - Z., 2019, The Luciolinae of S. E. Asia and the Australopacific region: a revisionary checklist (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) including description of three new genera and 13 new species, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 4687 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4687.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3508098, {"references":["Jeng, M. L., Yang, P. S. & Lai, J. (2003 b) Notes on the genus Luciola (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae) of Taiwan. Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterolog y, 6, 247 - 262.","Ballantyne, L. A. & Lambkin, C. L. (2013) Systematics and phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the description of new genera. Zootaxa, 3653 (1), 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3653.1.1","Fu, X. H. (2014) An illustrated handbook of Chinese fireflies. The Commercial Press, Beijing, 167 pp. [in Chinese]","Chen, T. R. (2003) The fireflies of Taiwan. Field Image Publisher, Taipei, 256 pp. [in Chinese]"]}

F. h. tomensis (Johansen, 1916) Muscicapa atricapilla tomensis Johansen, 1916: 101 [new name for Muscicapa atricapilla sibirica Khakhlov, 1915]. Type locality and material: as for sibirica (see above). The name tomensis Johansen, 1916 is a replacement name for sibirica Khakhlov, 1915, the latter having been published in Muscicapa where it is a junior primary homonym of Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin, 1789 and so permanently invalid (Article 57.2 of the Code). This subspecies is considered to be clearly diagnosable from nominate hypoleuca (e.g., Johansen 1954), although the location of and circumstances in their contact Zone is poorly understood. It occurs in the taiga of west Siberia, from the Ural Mountains to the Yenisey River, wintering in east Africa (Clements et al. 2015)., Published as part of Salvador, Rodrigo B., Jeugd, Henk Van Der & Tomotani, Barbara M., 2017, Taxonomy of the European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Aves: Muscicapidae), pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 4291 (1) on page 175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/829327, {"references":["Johansen, H. (1916) Muscicapa atricapilla tomensis, nom. emend. Ornitologicheskii Viestnik [Messager Ornithologique], 7, 101.","Khakhlov, V. A. (1915) [A Siberian form of flycatcher.] Ornitologicheskii Viestnik [Messager Ornithologique], 1915, 315.","Johansen, H. (1954) Die Vogelfauna Westsibiriens. II. Teil (Systematik und Verbreitung, Oekologie und Biologie der Einzelarten). 2. Fortsetzung: Muscicapidae - Sylviidae. Journal of Ornithology, 95, 64 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01951430","Clements, J. F., Schulenberg, T. S., Iliff, M. J., Roberson, D., Fredericks, T. A., Sullivan, B. L. & Wood, C. L. (2015) The eBird / Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: Version 2015. Available from: http: // www. birds. cornell. edu / clementschecklist / download / (accessed 24 April 2017)"]}

The genus Ficedula Ficedula Brisson, 1760 is a genus with a complex taxonomy since its inception (Brisson 1760). The overall similarity between muscicapid genera, together with a fair amount of variation in finer morphological traits, resulted in many poorly defined genera. As such, the species of Ficedula have been classified in more than 20 other genera, some of which have since been synonymiZed (e.g., Vaurie 1953; Mayr & Cottrell 1986). This even led to more drastic ���lumping��� by simply declaring Ficedula a synonym of Muscicapa Brisson, 1760 (e.g., Delacour 1946; Delacour & Mayr 1946; Deignan 1947). Vaurie (1953) conducted a thorough revision of the flycatchers and more clearly defined the genera and their species; a classification that, with some modifications by Mayr & Cottrell (1986), is still largely accepted today (for an overview, see Outlaw & Voelker 2006). Vaurie (1953) reestablished the genus Ficedula based on differences in proportions of the tarsus and first primary feather, the shape of the wing tip (in migratory species) and the bill, the rictal bristles, the color patterns, occurrence of sexual dimorphism (in some species) and ecological and behavioral traits. This allowed a clearer distinction from Muscicapa, the genus that most closely resembles Ficedula (Vaurie 1953). Nevertheless, diagnostic characters for the genus remained somewhat tenuous and a good deal of variation could be seen among its species. Vaurie (1953) himself acknowledged that Ficedula was defined by its overall generaliZed morphology and that it might serve as a waste-basket taxon in Muscicapidae. Other muscicapid genera (e.g., Muscicapa) were more diagnosable (Vaurie 1953; GlutZ von BlotZheim & Bauer 1993; Outlaw & Voelker 2006). As such, the problems within the genus remained unsettled. Some recent works (Outlaw & Voelker 2006; Lei et al. 2007; Zuccon & Ericson 2010) claim that Ficedula is not monophyletic (but that Muscicapa perhaps is), but Sangster et al. (2010) recovered it as monophyletic. Such works, however, are hardly thorough (for instance, some do not even include the type species of genera) and are far from being definitive, but they do point to some inconsistencies in the classification that need to be further addressed. If Ficedula is indeed recogniZed according to Outlaw & Voelker (2006) and Lei et al. (2007), F. hypoleuca, as its type species, would remain in this genus. When only F. hypoleuca and its closely allied species [F. semitorquata (Homeyer) and F. albicollis (Temminck); see discussion below] are taken together, the genus Ficedula is more easily diagnosable (Mayr & Cottrell 1986; Outlaw & Voelker 2006). Presently, Ficedula includes 34 species (Clements et al. 2016)., Published as part of Salvador, Rodrigo B., Jeugd, Henk Van Der & Tomotani, Barbara M., 2017, Taxonomy of the European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Aves: Muscicapidae), pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 4291 (1) on pages 171-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/829327, {"references":["Brisson, M. - J. (1760) Ornithologia, sive, Synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates. Ad Ripam Augustinorum, Paris, 500 pp. [1] + 527 pp. [2].","Vaurie, C. (1953) A generic revision of flycatchers of the tribe Muscicapini. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 100, 453 - 538.","Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G. W. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. XI. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 638 pp.","Delacour, J. & Mayr, E. (1946) Notes on the taxonomy of the birds of the Philippines. Zoologica, 30, 113 - 114.","Deignan, H. G. (1947) Some untenable names in the Old World flycatchers. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 60, 165 - 168.","Outlaw, D. C. & Voelker, G. (2006) Systematics of Ficedula flycatchers (Muscicapidae): a molecular reassessment of a taxonomic enigma. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41, 118 - 126.","Glutz von Blotzheim, U. N. & Bauer, K. M. (1993) Handbuch der Vogel Mitteleuropas. Band 13. Passeriformes (4. Teil). Aula- Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2178 pp.","Lei, X., Lian, Z. - M., Lei F. - M., Yin Z. - H. & Zhao H. - F. (2007) Phylogeny of some Muscicapinae birds based on cyt b mitochondrial gene sequences. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 53, 95 - 105.","Zuccon, D. & Ericson, P. G. P. (2010) A multi-gene phylogeny disentangles the chat-flycatcher complex (Aves: Muscicapidae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 213 - 224.","Sangster, G., Alstrom, P., Forsmark, E. & Olsson, U. (2010) Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 380 - 392."]}

F. h. iberiae (Witherby, 1928) Muscicapa hypoleuca iberiae Witherby, 1928: 591. Type locality Segovia, Spain. The holotype (male; NHMUK 1929.1.15.1) is deposited at the Natural History Museum (Tring, UK). This subspecies is sometimes not recogniZed because it is geographically and morphologically intermediate between F. h. hypoleuca and F. h. speculigera (Bonaparte, 1850) (von Jordans & Steinbacher 1942; Vaurie 1954; del Hoyo et al. 2006). There is also disagreement as to whether it should be treated as a synonym of F. h. hypoleuca (e.g., Vaurie 1954; Mayr & Cottrell 1986) or of F. h. speculigera (e.g., Curio 1960). This subspecies breeds in the Iberian Peninsula, wintering in western Africa (Clements et al. 2015)., Published as part of Salvador, Rodrigo B., Jeugd, Henk Van Der & Tomotani, Barbara M., 2017, Taxonomy of the European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Aves: Muscicapidae), pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 4291 (1) on page 175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/829327, {"references":["Witherby, H. F. (1928) On the birds of central Spain, with some notes on those of south-east Spain. Ibis, 4, 587 - 663. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 x. 1928. tb 08737. x","Bonaparte, C. L. (1850) Conspectus generum avium. Tom. I. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 543 pp.","von Jordans, A. & Steinbacher, J. (1942) Beitrage zur Avifauna der Iberischen Halbinsel. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 52, 200 - 244.","Vaurie, C. (1954) Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 12. Muscicapinae, Hirundinidae, and Sturnidae. American Museum Novitates, 1694, 1 - 18.","del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. & Christie, D. (2006) Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 11. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, 798 pp.","Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G. W. (1986) Check-list of Birds of the World: A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. XI. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 638 pp.","Curio, E. (1960) Die systematische Stellung des spanischen Trauerschnappers. Vogelwelt, 81, 113 - 121.","Clements, J. F., Schulenberg, T. S., Iliff, M. J., Roberson, D., Fredericks, T. A., Sullivan, B. L. & Wood, C. L. (2015) The eBird / Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: Version 2015. Available from: http: // www. birds. cornell. edu / clementschecklist / download / (accessed 24 April 2017)"]}

The genus Ficedula Ficedula Brisson, 1760 is a genus with a complex taxonomy since its inception (Brisson 1760). The overall similarity between muscicapid genera, together with a fair amount of variation in finer morphological traits, resulted in many poorly defined genera. As such, the species of Ficedula have been classified in more than 20 other genera, some of which have since been synonymiZed (e.g., Vaurie 1953; Mayr & Cottrell 1986). This even led to more drastic “lumping” by simply declaring Ficedula a synonym of Muscicapa Brisson, 1760 (e.g., Delacour 1946; Delacour & Mayr 1946; Deignan 1947). Vaurie (1953) conducted a thorough revision of the flycatchers and more clearly defined the genera and their species; a classification that, with some modifications by Mayr & Cottrell (1986), is still largely accepted today (for an overview, see Outlaw & Voelker 2006). Vaurie (1953) reestablished the genus Ficedula based on differences in proportions of the tarsus and first primary feather, the shape of the wing tip (in migratory species) and the bill, the rictal bristles, the color patterns, occurrence of sexual dimorphism (in some species) and ecological and behavioral traits. This allowed a clearer distinction from Muscicapa, the genus that most closely resembles Ficedula (Vaurie 1953). Nevertheless, diagnostic characters for the genus remained somewhat tenuous and a good deal of variation could be seen among its species. Vaurie (1953) himself acknowledged that Ficedula was defined by its overall generaliZed morphology and that it might serve as a waste-basket taxon in Muscicapidae. Other muscicapid genera (e.g., Muscicapa) were more diagnosable (Vaurie 1953; GlutZ von BlotZheim & Bauer 1993; Outlaw & Voelker 2006). As such, the problems within the genus remained unsettled. Some recent works (Outlaw & Voelker 2006; Lei et al. 2007; Zuccon & Ericson 2010) claim that Ficedula is not monophyletic (but that Muscicapa perhaps is), but Sangster et al. (2010) recovered it as monophyletic. Such works, however, are hardly thorough (for instance, some do not even include the type species of genera) and are far from being definitive, but they do point to some inconsistencies in the classification that need to be further addressed. If Ficedula is indeed recogniZed according to Outlaw & Voelker (2006) and Lei et al. (2007), F. hypoleuca, as its type species, would remain in this genus. When only F. hypoleuca and its closely allied species [F. semitorquata (Homeyer) and F. albicollis (Temminck); see discussion below] are taken together, the genus Ficedula is more easily diagnosable (Mayr & Cottrell 1986; Outlaw & Voelker 2006). Presently, Ficedula includes 34 species (Clements et al. 2016).

Ripleyornis, new replacement name Type species: Muscicapa ruficauda Swainson, 1838 Etymology: A combination of the surname Ripley and the Greek ���������ς (Ornis), a bird, and a common suffix for bird genera. This name honors S. Dillon Ripley, former Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for his extensive work on the birds of India and southern Asia. Gender masculine. Remarks: Replacement name for Ripleyia Voelker & Bowie in Voelker, Huntley, Pe��alba & Bowie, 2016., Published as part of Voelker, Gary, Bowie, Rauri C. K. & Conway, Kevin W., 2016, Replacement names for Chapinia and Ripleyia (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), pp. 599 in Zootaxa 4107 (4) on page 599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/261196, {"references":["Swainson, W. (1838) Flycatchers. In: Jardine, W. (Ed.), Naturalist's Library, V. XIII, Ornithology. W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh, pp. 68 - 256.","Voelker, G., Huntley, J. W., Penalba, J. V. & Bowie, R. C. K. (2016) Resolving taxonomic uncertainty and historical biogeographic patterns in Muscicapa flycatchers and their allies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94, 618 - 625. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.09.026"]}

Voelker, Gary, Bowie, Rauri C. K., Conway, Kevin W. (2016): Replacement names for Chapinia and Ripleyia (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae). Zootaxa 4107 (4): 599-599, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.9

Chapinornis, new replacement name Type species: Fraseria cinerascens Hartlaub, 1857 Etymology: A combination of the surname Chapin and the Greek ���������ς (Ornis), a bird, and a common suffix for bird genera. This name honors James P. Chapin, for his extensive documentation of, and research on, the birds of the Belgian Congo. Gender masculine. Remarks: Replacement name for Chapinia Voelker & Bowie in Voelker, Huntley, Pe��alba & Bowie, 2016., Published as part of Voelker, Gary, Bowie, Rauri C. K. & Conway, Kevin W., 2016, Replacement names for Chapinia and Ripleyia (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), pp. 599 in Zootaxa 4107 (4) on page 599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/261196, {"references":["Hartlaub, G. (1857) System der Ornithologie Westafrica's. Druck und Verlag von C. Schunemann, Bremen, 280 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105145","Voelker, G., Huntley, J. W., Penalba, J. V. & Bowie, R. C. K. (2016) Resolving taxonomic uncertainty and historical biogeographic patterns in Muscicapa flycatchers and their allies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94, 618 - 625. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.09.026"]}

This 11th part of “Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History” includes taxa in the passerine families included in volume 14 of Peters' Check-list of birds of the world (Paynter, 1968). The original description of each name has been consulted and the currently accepted name of the taxon has been listed with reference to recent publications. The coordinates and modern names of type localities are given when found and comments on taxonomic history are provided. In this part, 352 names are treated; for 20 of these, name-bearing types are not in AMNH or were not found. This part of the type list, as well as all previous parts, are searchable and available for download from the AMNH Library website (http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/).

Muscicapa sodhii, sp. nov. Sulawesi Streaked Flycatcher urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 54B169C6-CD09-455C-B80E-0FB178611BD4 Holotype MZB.Ornit.33.525; adult male, collected 23 Jun 2012. Left testis 4×2.5 mm, pale tan in color; no brood patch; no cloacal protuberance (Plate 1, Figure 8). Skull 100% pneumatized; no bursa; no enlarged gape flanges. Little fat; stomach and intestine full of small black items (saved in alcohol). No head, body, wing, or tail molt. Collected by the Prawiradilaga field party; prepared by Pamela C. Rasmussen, field number LL-PCR-2012-010. Diagnosis A small, drab gray-brown muscicapid flycatcher with indistinct facial patterning, strong dusky streaking below, and short primary projection. Differs from Muscicapa griseisticta in having the bill longer and more strongly hooked but relatively less broad; a weaker face pattern, with indistinct pale eyering (vs. prominent), dark spotting on throat (vs. mostly white throat), an ill-defined malar stripe and no pale moustachial stripe (vs. strong); much shorter and more rounded wing; shorter undertail coverts; and shorter, slightly more notched tail. Differs from Muscicapa sibirica in its longer, deeper, and, in Sino-Himalayan forms of M. sibirica, broader bill, much weaker head and throat pattern, much clearer streaking below, on a whitish background (vs. mostly dark background, especially in Sino-Himalayan forms); much shorter primary projection and first primary; shorter undertail coverts; and compared to M. s. sibirica, shorter and less notched tail. Differs from all forms of Muscicapa dauurica, as well as M. segregata and M. randi, especially in the strongly streaked underparts of M. sodhii. Differs additionally from M. dauurica in its shorter primary projection (longer only than M. d. umbrosa) and its more strongly hooked and, compared to M. d. dauurica, narrower bill; from M. randi and M. segregata in its shorter tail, less extensive pale area on lower mandible, and longer undertail coverts, and from M. segregata in its narrower bill and shorter tarsi. The song of the new species is higher-pitched than that of all similar Asian species, and differs from them additionally in its combination of relatively narrow bandwidth, few note repetitions, mostly clear, longer notes, few harmonics, and low similarity between adjacent strophes. Description of holotype Color terms using Munsell Color’s [29] notation are shown in Table 10. Bill black, terete, with prominent culmen ridge and fairly strong hook, moderately broad, narrowing evenly toward tip, the distal fifth markedly narrow. Proximal third of lower mandible pale, distinctly so and sharply contrasting with black distal two-thirds of lower mandible, the pale extending around the ramal branches. Rictal bristles fairly prominent, moderately stiff, black. Forehead graybrown with distinct dark brown centers and pale gray-brown edges, these markings larger on larger feathers of crown, and becoming obscure on feathers of rear crown. Nape and hindneck nearly uniform gray-brown. Sides of head uniform gray-brown, as nape. Lores mixed white and gray-brown, the feathers tipped dark giving a grizzled appearance, extends as narrow band over bill and as narrow (one feather row) indistinct eye ring, strongest in front of and below eye, weak above and behind eye. Pale lores grade into face below eye and sides of throat, which are indistinctly speckled. Chin and throat white, lightly and finely speckled gray-brown. There is no marked moustachial or malar streak; there is even gradation from pale grizzled lores to speckled throat and uniform graybrown auriculars. Speckled throat grades into profusely streaked breast, which grades into more uniform brown breast sides and flanks, and less profusely streaked belly, especially center of belly. Flanks browner, less distinctly streaked than belly sides, and center of lower belly unmarked white. Ground color of entire underparts white. Vent unmarked white. Feathers of lower tibia white. Mantle as nape. Feathers of back (below mantle) mostly lost during preparation due to shot damage, but same color as mantle. Rump and uppertail coverts plain gray-brown, as mantle. Primaries plain dark brown, darker than body plumage. Tertials paler, especially the outer webs. Secondaries as primaries but with very narrow pale edgings. Marginal coverts (leading wing edge coverts; [30]) mixed dark brown and white. All upperwing coverts dark gray-brown with indistinct, broad pale grayer edges. Tail uniform drab dark brown, slightly paler and grayer on proximal outer feathers. Soft part colors (from freshly dead specimen): Iris dark brown, narrow orbital ring black; bill black, basal third of lower mandible pale yellowish-cream; tarsi brownish-black, toepads grayish-tan, claws black. Measurements of holotype Body weight 12.5 g; culmen from feathers 10.3 mm, wing length (flattened) 64 mm, tarsus 12.5 mm, tail 44.0 mm. Frequency other the . for scored SD or after measured superscripts were as variable indicated the of taxa instances and other many species how is new field the each in between n) studied; recordings Mann-Whitney (tests in individuals significance size 10. n n in, kHz; superscript pone. 0112657 range (SD are 0.5 p>;; no;. journal ± Mean () f measures ns: = taxon1 0.05 ≤ p = 2 0.01 = p ≤ 3 p 0.001 ≤ = / doi 10.1371: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g006 Paratype MZB.Ornit.33.530, unsexed adult (gonads destroyed by pellet), collected 25 Jun 2012 (Figure 8). No brood patch; no cloacal protuberance. Skull 100% pneumatized; no bursa; no enlarged gape flanges. Little fat; stomach full with several hard, rough, black, 2×2 mm seeds, beetle elytra, and other insect parts (contents saved in alcohol). Relatively large tapeworm found in pieces in abdominal cavity saved in alcohol. No head molt but body molt light, and molt present in primaries, secondaries, and rectrices. Collected by the Prawiradilaga field party; prepared by Pamela C. Rasmussen, field number LL-PCR-2012-014. Body weight 12.0 g; culmen from feathers 11 mm, wing length (flattened) 62 mm, tarsus 13.4 mm, tail 44.5 mm. Variation in the type series The holotype is in worn plumage and was not molting, while the paratype was molting but mostly in fresh plumage. Differences in color and pattern are striking in direct comparison—the holotype is much browner above, the paratype much grayer. The holotype lacks distinct pale edges to tertials and secondaries, while the paratype has distinct buff edges to all these, narrow on secondaries and broader on tertials. The holotype has indistinct brown streaking from breast to flanks, with a white center of belly and vent; the throat brown-spotted, most densely on chin and least on lower central throat. The paratype has the same pattern below but the streaks below are bolder, grayer, and broader. The paratype (unlike the holotype) was prepared with one wing partially spread, and its primary underwing coverts are heavily dark streaked, looking mostly dark. The undersides of the primaries and secondaries are dark brown (paler in old feathers) with broad pale tan edgings, narrowest near tips. Both have similar face patterns, but while there is a narrow pale grizzled area over the bill that meets in the center in the holotype, this Variables deemed most important in bold italic, those of somewhat lesser importance in bold only, and those not considered important in regular font. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.t009 pale area is interrupted by the bill base in the paratype. The lower face (below plain auriculars) is blotchy, in the holotype with no discernible pale submoustachial and darker malar area, while in the paratype there is a moderately marked paler submoustachial and dark malar. Mantle feathers when fresh (as in the paratype) look uniform/monotone but actually have broad pale edges/tips on both sides then diffuse dark blotches. When worn (as in the holotype) the pale edges disappear and the feathers are then dark-tipped. Secondary greater coverts are vaguely paler tan-edged in fresh plumage (as in the paratype), not prominently as on secondaries and tertials. In worn plumage (as in the holotype), the wing feathers are much more uniform but the primaries look distinctly darker than the tertials, which wear to medium-pale brown, especially on the lateral webs. Specimens examined No other specimens of the new species are known to exist. Etymology The new species is named in honor of the late Professor Navjot S. Sodhi (1962– 2011) for his monumental contributions to conservation biology and ornithology in Southeast Asia. Dr. Sodhi played a leading role in elucidating the effects of habitat disturbance on biodiversity, especially birds, across Southeast Asia (e.g. [31–36]). This research provided a fundamental understanding of the ecology of Southeast Asian forests and critical information required for conservation planning. In addition, Dr. Sodhi was an outstanding mentor for many students including D.L.Y. and J.B.C.H. for whom he was an honours and doctorate supervisor, respectively. The English name recognizes the endemic distribution of the species, with the descriptive term ‘‘Streaked’’ to avoid possible confusion with other endemic Sulawesi flycatchers. Remarks Distribution and habitat The species is known by our two specimens, the sightings and photographs of others, and our song recording from Baku Bakulu, Central Sulawesi. In 1997 King et al. [19] observed the flycatcher in a ‘‘very patchy remnant of forest’’ near Baku Bakulu. During our fieldwork in 2011 and 2012, the Baku Bakulu area was a mosaic of mature cacao plantations and small patches of remnant forest trees (Figure 9). This mixed agro-forest landscape abuts mature secondary and primary forest in Lore Lindu National Park. Despite the disturbance in the area, we found several forest-dependent species there, including Rufous-throated Flycatcher Ficedula rufigula, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx fallax, and Red-bellied Pitta Pitta erythrogaster. The flycatcher was seen at all levels in remnant forest trees in the agro-forest landscape. There are also several sight records of M. sodhii from Danau Tambing, Badeaha, and the Sedoa area in the Napu Valley on the northeastern side of Lore Lindu National Park. So far, the species is not known from the western side of the park, where fewer birdwatchers visit, but some ornithological studies have been done [35, 37]. Other records in Sulawesi are based on photographs from Matabulu and Toraut, North Sulawesi and Karaenta, South Sulawesi. Despite the number of records to date, the distribution of M. sodhii remains poorly known. Most of the handful of sites where the species has been recorded, like Bantimurung- Burusaraung and Lore Lindu National Parks, are regularly visited by birdwatchers, and are where the species has been reported multiple times. However, the remote protected areas in Sulawesi’s eastern and southeastern peninsulas are seldom visited and their avifaunas poorly known. The elevational range of Muscicapa sodhii is mainly within an elevational band of 150 m asl to 1,200 m in lowland and submontane evergreen forest and disturbed habitats. There are few records at higher elevations; the occasional observations of the species at Badeaha and Danau Tambing at c. 1,700 m may be exceptional and could involve post-breeding dispersal. While approximately half of the records are from primary lowland and submontane forests, the frequency of records (including that of the holotype and paratype) in disturbed habitats indicates that the species is tolerant of disturbance. It appears likely, however, that when it occurs in cacao plantations it requires the presence of at least scattered mature native forest trees. Vocal behavior According to King et al. [19], the pair of birds they observed at Baku Bakulu gave high-pitched calls, which were recorded and played back, eliciting a noticeable response. At 1702 h on 21 Jun 2012 at Baku Bakulu, J.B.C.H. found a singing individual of the undescribed flycatcher, sitting inconspicuously at mid-level near a fork of the main trunk of a large tree on a small hill-slope. The bird opened its bill noticeably while singing, and looked around a little, but otherwise sat quite still, making it hard to detect even though it was not hidden by foliage. After making a few recordings, P.C.R. played these quietly back to the flycatcher, which did not exhibit any obvious change in behavior but continued singing until 1707 h. It then flew off and we heard and recorded it singing again until 1722 h in a nearby densely vegetated area, but it did not respond noticeably to playback, nor was it seen again that day. Although differences in song before and after playback were not noted in the field, the later recordings (especially AV#17427–17428) made after playback are composed of short strophes, often of a single motif, while in the earlier-made cuts of the same individual most strophes are considerably longer and contain several motifs. Behavior Although the behavior of M. sodhii remains poorly known, scattered documentation from local and visiting birdwatchers have allowed some aspects of foraging behavior and breeding ecology to be established. Like some other closely related Muscicapa flycatchers, M. sodhii appears to be an obligate insectivore that forages inconspicuously at all levels but perhaps mainly mid-levels. During our field work in 2011 and 2012, we observed single individuals sallying for flying doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g009 insects, including large damselflies, from perches from several feet above ground to the subcanopy. Other known prey items as inferred from published photographs include orthopterans, including katydids (www.orientalbirdimages. org). Observations from other birdwatchers (e.g. [38–40]) indicate that the species may sporadically participate in mixed foraging flocks with other small passerines such as whistlers and white-eyes. We did not observe breeding during our field work in May–Jun, but breeding details have been reported in three birdwatching trip reports. Farrow and Robson [41] and Hutchinson [42] observed adult birds attending single juveniles at Bantimurung-Bulusaraung in early Oct, while Hutchinson [43] reported one adult feeding a juvenile adjacent to Lore Lindu National Park near Wuasa in late Sep. The fact that breeding has only been reported in Sep–Oct despite multiple records (n=17) from every month from Apr to Oct in the Lore Lindu and Bantimurung areas suggests that breeding, at least in central-south Sulawesi, may coincide with the start of the monsoon season. In North Sulawesi, the species is known to breed in May based on photographs deposited in the Oriental Birds Image database (www.orientalbirdimages.org) of a fledgling documented in May 2009. Diagnosability and species status criteria Though superficially similar in appearance to M. griseisticta, M. sodhii is a wellmarked species (see Diagnosis) that does not show close morphological approach to any other known taxon. In mtDNA it differs by at least 4.1% from all congeners, and it is highly distinct morphologically from the taxa that it is most similar to in mtDNA. Bearing in mind the small sample of singing individuals and that further vocal sampling is needed, M. sodhii also appears to differ in song from its congeners to a similar and in some cases to a stronger extent than the others do from each other. However, even if the available vocal sample proves unrepresentative, morphological and genetic differences clearly indicate species status. We therefore consider that, under any modern species concept, M. sodhii unambiguously fits the definition of a species and that its recognition as such will be non-controversial. Conservation The fairly wide elevational and distributional range of M. sodhii, and its tolerance of habitat disturbance indicate that it is not immediately at high risk from logging or habitat conversion, which is ongoing in Sulawesi’s lowlands and, increasingly, highlands [17, 18, 44, 45]. The species probably does not occur in young cacao monoculture, or where remnant forest trees are not preserved. It is a low-density species in the Lore Lindu National Park area and it appears to be uncommon elsewhere in Sulawesi, given that the species was only reported in 17 of 51 birdwatching reports we sampled since its first documentation in 1997. Nonetheless, the paucity of reports may be partly because the species had not yet been formally described. Present knowledge suggests the species does not approach the thresholds for ‘Vulnerable’ under the IUCN’s range size or inferred population trend criteria [46]. We propose that the species be placed in the ‘Least Concern’ category. Persistence of the species in small forest patches in a mosaic of cacao plantations over 15 years in Baku Bakulu shows that M. sodhii tolerates some level of disturbance and fragmentation. Our limited data however do not allow us to infer if disturbed habitats are preferred over primary forest. The scientific description of the species, including its voice, should allow comparative surveys to be done in forests and disturbed areas to learn about the species’ habitat preferences. Furthermore, it should be a priority to survey poorly-sampled areas such as Sulawesi’s eastern and southeastern peninsulas to collect distributional information on M. sodhii. Taxonomic studies are also needed to evaluate whether populations on Sulawesi’s northern and southern peninsulas are distinct from Central Sulawesi birds. Many Sulawesi bird genera have racially or specifically distinct representatives that are allopatric on the island’s peninsulas (e.g., Heinrichia, Zosterops, and Ficedula, among others), and it is possible that more than one taxon of Muscicapa is resident on the extraordinarily complex island of Sulawesi.

Kirwan, Guy M., Steinheimer, Frank D., Raposo, Marcos A., Zimmer, Kevin J. (2014): Nomenclatural corrections, neotype designation and new subspecies description in the genus Suiriri (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyrannidae). Zootaxa 3784 (3): 224-240, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.3.2

Muscicapa sodhii, sp. nov. Sulawesi Streaked Flycatcher urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 54B169C6-CD09-455C-B80E-0FB178611BD4 Holotype MZB.Ornit.33.525; adult male, collected 23 Jun 2012. Left testis 4��2.5 mm, pale tan in color; no brood patch; no cloacal protuberance (Plate 1, Figure 8). Skull 100% pneumatized; no bursa; no enlarged gape flanges. Little fat; stomach and intestine full of small black items (saved in alcohol). No head, body, wing, or tail molt. Collected by the Prawiradilaga field party; prepared by Pamela C. Rasmussen, field number LL-PCR-2012-010. Diagnosis A small, drab gray-brown muscicapid flycatcher with indistinct facial patterning, strong dusky streaking below, and short primary projection. Differs from Muscicapa griseisticta in having the bill longer and more strongly hooked but relatively less broad; a weaker face pattern, with indistinct pale eyering (vs. prominent), dark spotting on throat (vs. mostly white throat), an ill-defined malar stripe and no pale moustachial stripe (vs. strong); much shorter and more rounded wing; shorter undertail coverts; and shorter, slightly more notched tail. Differs from Muscicapa sibirica in its longer, deeper, and, in Sino-Himalayan forms of M. sibirica, broader bill, much weaker head and throat pattern, much clearer streaking below, on a whitish background (vs. mostly dark background, especially in Sino-Himalayan forms); much shorter primary projection and first primary; shorter undertail coverts; and compared to M. s. sibirica, shorter and less notched tail. Differs from all forms of Muscicapa dauurica, as well as M. segregata and M. randi, especially in the strongly streaked underparts of M. sodhii. Differs additionally from M. dauurica in its shorter primary projection (longer only than M. d. umbrosa) and its more strongly hooked and, compared to M. d. dauurica, narrower bill; from M. randi and M. segregata in its shorter tail, less extensive pale area on lower mandible, and longer undertail coverts, and from M. segregata in its narrower bill and shorter tarsi. The song of the new species is higher-pitched than that of all similar Asian species, and differs from them additionally in its combination of relatively narrow bandwidth, few note repetitions, mostly clear, longer notes, few harmonics, and low similarity between adjacent strophes. Description of holotype Color terms using Munsell Color���s [29] notation are shown in Table 10. Bill black, terete, with prominent culmen ridge and fairly strong hook, moderately broad, narrowing evenly toward tip, the distal fifth markedly narrow. Proximal third of lower mandible pale, distinctly so and sharply contrasting with black distal two-thirds of lower mandible, the pale extending around the ramal branches. Rictal bristles fairly prominent, moderately stiff, black. Forehead graybrown with distinct dark brown centers and pale gray-brown edges, these markings larger on larger feathers of crown, and becoming obscure on feathers of rear crown. Nape and hindneck nearly uniform gray-brown. Sides of head uniform gray-brown, as nape. Lores mixed white and gray-brown, the feathers tipped dark giving a grizzled appearance, extends as narrow band over bill and as narrow (one feather row) indistinct eye ring, strongest in front of and below eye, weak above and behind eye. Pale lores grade into face below eye and sides of throat, which are indistinctly speckled. Chin and throat white, lightly and finely speckled gray-brown. There is no marked moustachial or malar streak; there is even gradation from pale grizzled lores to speckled throat and uniform graybrown auriculars. Speckled throat grades into profusely streaked breast, which grades into more uniform brown breast sides and flanks, and less profusely streaked belly, especially center of belly. Flanks browner, less distinctly streaked than belly sides, and center of lower belly unmarked white. Ground color of entire underparts white. Vent unmarked white. Feathers of lower tibia white. Mantle as nape. Feathers of back (below mantle) mostly lost during preparation due to shot damage, but same color as mantle. Rump and uppertail coverts plain gray-brown, as mantle. Primaries plain dark brown, darker than body plumage. Tertials paler, especially the outer webs. Secondaries as primaries but with very narrow pale edgings. Marginal coverts (leading wing edge coverts; [30]) mixed dark brown and white. All upperwing coverts dark gray-brown with indistinct, broad pale grayer edges. Tail uniform drab dark brown, slightly paler and grayer on proximal outer feathers. Soft part colors (from freshly dead specimen): Iris dark brown, narrow orbital ring black; bill black, basal third of lower mandible pale yellowish-cream; tarsi brownish-black, toepads grayish-tan, claws black. Measurements of holotype Body weight 12.5 g; culmen from feathers 10.3 mm, wing length (flattened) 64 mm, tarsus 12.5 mm, tail 44.0 mm. Frequency other the . for scored SD or after measured superscripts were as variable indicated the of taxa instances and other many species how is new field the each in between n) studied; recordings Mann-Whitney (tests in individuals significance size 10. n n in, kHz; superscript pone. 0112657 range (SD are 0.5 p>;; no;. journal �� Mean () f measures ns: = taxon1 0.05 ��� p = 2 0.01 = p ��� 3 p 0.001 ��� = / doi 10.1371: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g006 Paratype MZB.Ornit.33.530, unsexed adult (gonads destroyed by pellet), collected 25 Jun 2012 (Figure 8). No brood patch; no cloacal protuberance. Skull 100% pneumatized; no bursa; no enlarged gape flanges. Little fat; stomach full with several hard, rough, black, 2��2 mm seeds, beetle elytra, and other insect parts (contents saved in alcohol). Relatively large tapeworm found in pieces in abdominal cavity saved in alcohol. No head molt but body molt light, and molt present in primaries, secondaries, and rectrices. Collected by the Prawiradilaga field party; prepared by Pamela C. Rasmussen, field number LL-PCR-2012-014. Body weight 12.0 g; culmen from feathers 11 mm, wing length (flattened) 62 mm, tarsus 13.4 mm, tail 44.5 mm. Variation in the type series The holotype is in worn plumage and was not molting, while the paratype was molting but mostly in fresh plumage. Differences in color and pattern are striking in direct comparison���the holotype is much browner above, the paratype much grayer. The holotype lacks distinct pale edges to tertials and secondaries, while the paratype has distinct buff edges to all these, narrow on secondaries and broader on tertials. The holotype has indistinct brown streaking from breast to flanks, with a white center of belly and vent; the throat brown-spotted, most densely on chin and least on lower central throat. The paratype has the same pattern below but the streaks below are bolder, grayer, and broader. The paratype (unlike the holotype) was prepared with one wing partially spread, and its primary underwing coverts are heavily dark streaked, looking mostly dark. The undersides of the primaries and secondaries are dark brown (paler in old feathers) with broad pale tan edgings, narrowest near tips. Both have similar face patterns, but while there is a narrow pale grizzled area over the bill that meets in the center in the holotype, this Variables deemed most important in bold italic, those of somewhat lesser importance in bold only, and those not considered important in regular font. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.t009 pale area is interrupted by the bill base in the paratype. The lower face (below plain auriculars) is blotchy, in the holotype with no discernible pale submoustachial and darker malar area, while in the paratype there is a moderately marked paler submoustachial and dark malar. Mantle feathers when fresh (as in the paratype) look uniform/monotone but actually have broad pale edges/tips on both sides then diffuse dark blotches. When worn (as in the holotype) the pale edges disappear and the feathers are then dark-tipped. Secondary greater coverts are vaguely paler tan-edged in fresh plumage (as in the paratype), not prominently as on secondaries and tertials. In worn plumage (as in the holotype), the wing feathers are much more uniform but the primaries look distinctly darker than the tertials, which wear to medium-pale brown, especially on the lateral webs. Specimens examined No other specimens of the new species are known to exist. Etymology The new species is named in honor of the late Professor Navjot S. Sodhi (1962��� 2011) for his monumental contributions to conservation biology and ornithology in Southeast Asia. Dr. Sodhi played a leading role in elucidating the effects of habitat disturbance on biodiversity, especially birds, across Southeast Asia (e.g. [31���36]). This research provided a fundamental understanding of the ecology of Southeast Asian forests and critical information required for conservation planning. In addition, Dr. Sodhi was an outstanding mentor for many students including D.L.Y. and J.B.C.H. for whom he was an honours and doctorate supervisor, respectively. The English name recognizes the endemic distribution of the species, with the descriptive term ������Streaked������ to avoid possible confusion with other endemic Sulawesi flycatchers. Remarks Distribution and habitat The species is known by our two specimens, the sightings and photographs of others, and our song recording from Baku Bakulu, Central Sulawesi. In 1997 King et al. [19] observed the flycatcher in a ������very patchy remnant of forest������ near Baku Bakulu. During our fieldwork in 2011 and 2012, the Baku Bakulu area was a mosaic of mature cacao plantations and small patches of remnant forest trees (Figure 9). This mixed agro-forest landscape abuts mature secondary and primary forest in Lore Lindu National Park. Despite the disturbance in the area, we found several forest-dependent species there, including Rufous-throated Flycatcher Ficedula rufigula, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx fallax, and Red-bellied Pitta Pitta erythrogaster. The flycatcher was seen at all levels in remnant forest trees in the agro-forest landscape. There are also several sight records of M. sodhii from Danau Tambing, Badeaha, and the Sedoa area in the Napu Valley on the northeastern side of Lore Lindu National Park. So far, the species is not known from the western side of the park, where fewer birdwatchers visit, but some ornithological studies have been done [35, 37]. Other records in Sulawesi are based on photographs from Matabulu and Toraut, North Sulawesi and Karaenta, South Sulawesi. Despite the number of records to date, the distribution of M. sodhii remains poorly known. Most of the handful of sites where the species has been recorded, like Bantimurung- Burusaraung and Lore Lindu National Parks, are regularly visited by birdwatchers, and are where the species has been reported multiple times. However, the remote protected areas in Sulawesi���s eastern and southeastern peninsulas are seldom visited and their avifaunas poorly known. The elevational range of Muscicapa sodhii is mainly within an elevational band of 150 m asl to 1,200 m in lowland and submontane evergreen forest and disturbed habitats. There are few records at higher elevations; the occasional observations of the species at Badeaha and Danau Tambing at c. 1,700 m may be exceptional and could involve post-breeding dispersal. While approximately half of the records are from primary lowland and submontane forests, the frequency of records (including that of the holotype and paratype) in disturbed habitats indicates that the species is tolerant of disturbance. It appears likely, however, that when it occurs in cacao plantations it requires the presence of at least scattered mature native forest trees. Vocal behavior According to King et al. [19], the pair of birds they observed at Baku Bakulu gave high-pitched calls, which were recorded and played back, eliciting a noticeable response. At 1702 h on 21 Jun 2012 at Baku Bakulu, J.B.C.H. found a singing individual of the undescribed flycatcher, sitting inconspicuously at mid-level near a fork of the main trunk of a large tree on a small hill-slope. The bird opened its bill noticeably while singing, and looked around a little, but otherwise sat quite still, making it hard to detect even though it was not hidden by foliage. After making a few recordings, P.C.R. played these quietly back to the flycatcher, which did not exhibit any obvious change in behavior but continued singing until 1707 h. It then flew off and we heard and recorded it singing again until 1722 h in a nearby densely vegetated area, but it did not respond noticeably to playback, nor was it seen again that day. Although differences in song before and after playback were not noted in the field, the later recordings (especially AV#17427���17428) made after playback are composed of short strophes, often of a single motif, while in the earlier-made cuts of the same individual most strophes are considerably longer and contain several motifs. Behavior Although the behavior of M. sodhii remains poorly known, scattered documentation from local and visiting birdwatchers have allowed some aspects of foraging behavior and breeding ecology to be established. Like some other closely related Muscicapa flycatchers, M. sodhii appears to be an obligate insectivore that forages inconspicuously at all levels but perhaps mainly mid-levels. During our field work in 2011 and 2012, we observed single individuals sallying for flying doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g009 insects, including large damselflies, from perches from several feet above ground to the subcanopy. Other known prey items as inferred from published photographs include orthopterans, including katydids (www.orientalbirdimages. org). Observations from other birdwatchers (e.g. [38���40]) indicate that the species may sporadically participate in mixed foraging flocks with other small passerines such as whistlers and white-eyes. We did not observe breeding during our field work in May���Jun, but breeding details have been reported in three birdwatching trip reports. Farrow and Robson [41] and Hutchinson [42] observed adult birds attending single juveniles at Bantimurung-Bulusaraung in early Oct, while Hutchinson [43] reported one adult feeding a juvenile adjacent to Lore Lindu National Park near Wuasa in late Sep. The fact that breeding has only been reported in Sep���Oct despite multiple records (n=17) from every month from Apr to Oct in the Lore Lindu and Bantimurung areas suggests that breeding, at least in central-south Sulawesi, may coincide with the start of the monsoon season. In North Sulawesi, the species is known to breed in May based on photographs deposited in the Oriental Birds Image database (www.orientalbirdimages.org) of a fledgling documented in May 2009. Diagnosability and species status criteria Though superficially similar in appearance to M. griseisticta, M. sodhii is a wellmarked species (see Diagnosis) that does not show close morphological approach to any other known taxon. In mtDNA it differs by at least 4.1% from all congeners, and it is highly distinct morphologically from the taxa that it is most similar to in mtDNA. Bearing in mind the small sample of singing individuals and that further vocal sampling is needed, M. sodhii also appears to differ in song from its congeners to a similar and in some cases to a stronger extent than the others do from each other. However, even if the available vocal sample proves unrepresentative, morphological and genetic differences clearly indicate species status. We therefore consider that, under any modern species concept, M. sodhii unambiguously fits the definition of a species and that its recognition as such will be non-controversial. Conservation The fairly wide elevational and distributional range of M. sodhii, and its tolerance of habitat disturbance indicate that it is not immediately at high risk from logging or habitat conversion, which is ongoing in Sulawesi���s lowlands and, increasingly, highlands [17, 18, 44, 45]. The species probably does not occur in young cacao monoculture, or where remnant forest trees are not preserved. It is a low-density species in the Lore Lindu National Park area and it appears to be uncommon elsewhere in Sulawesi, given that the species was only reported in 17 of 51 birdwatching reports we sampled since its first documentation in 1997. Nonetheless, the paucity of reports may be partly because the species had not yet been formally described. Present knowledge suggests the species does not approach the thresholds for ���Vulnerable��� under the IUCN���s range size or inferred population trend criteria [46]. We propose that the species be placed in the ���Least Concern��� category. Persistence of the species in small forest patches in a mosaic of cacao plantations over 15 years in Baku Bakulu shows that M. sodhii tolerates some level of disturbance and fragmentation. Our limited data however do not allow us to infer if disturbed habitats are preferred over primary forest. The scientific description of the species, including its voice, should allow comparative surveys to be done in forests and disturbed areas to learn about the species��� habitat preferences. Furthermore, it should be a priority to survey poorly-sampled areas such as Sulawesi���s eastern and southeastern peninsulas to collect distributional information on M. sodhii. Taxonomic studies are also needed to evaluate whether populations on Sulawesi���s northern and southern peninsulas are distinct from Central Sulawesi birds. Many Sulawesi bird genera have racially or specifically distinct representatives that are allopatric on the island���s peninsulas (e.g., Heinrichia, Zosterops, and Ficedula, among others), and it is possible that more than one taxon of Muscicapa is resident on the extraordinarily complex island of Sulawesi., Published as part of J. Berton C. Harris, Pamela C. Rasmussen, Ding Li Yong, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Dadang Dwi Putra, Philip D. Round & Frank E. Rheindt, 2014, A New Species of Muscicapa Flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia, pp. 1-33 in PLoS ONE 9 (11) on pages 15-29, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112657

Muscicapa jocosa ���Lund MS��� Reinhardt, 1870: 152 Collecting / reference locality: Minas Gerais state, at Lagoa Santa (19 �� 38 ���S, 43 �� 53 ���W), Curvelo (18 �� 45 ���S, 44 �� 25 ���W), Aldea da Estiva (ca. 19 �� 35 ���S, 48 ��00���W) and the road to Paracat�� (17 �� 13 ���S, 46 �� 52 ���W). The name Muscicapa jocosa, deriving from a Lund 4 MS cited by Reinhardt (1870: 152), is based on a mixed series of specimens including both S. affinis Burmeister and S. s. burmeisteri subsp. nov. (cf. Vasconcelos et al. 2006: 223���224, Krabbe 2007: 344 5). The application of this name by Reinhardt (1870: 150���152), however, does not qualify as an original description. It translates from the original Danish as: 4. Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801 ��� 80); for biographic details and information on his collections, see Krabbe (2007). He was resident at Lagoa Santa (cf. Burmeister 1853). 5. Known specimens of Lund���s collection of S. affinis Burmeister are BMNH 1888.1. 13.639 (female, Lagoa Santa, 13 July 1847); ZMUC 80261 (female, Lagoa Santa, 8 Nov. 1835); ZMUC 80264 (male, Lagoa Santa, 11 March 1836); ZMUC 80263 (male, Paracat��, 6 Sept. 1834). Known specimens of Lund���s collection of the taxon S. s. burmeisteri subsp. nov. are ZMUC 80262 (male, Paracat��, 6 Sept. 1834) and ZMUC 27 - 2-1839 - 126 (male, Aldeia da Estives, before/in 1839) (data from Vasconcelos et al. 2006: 223, Krabbe 2007: 344; Jon Fjelds�� in litt., August 2012). ��� Elainea affinis Burm. [...] This Elainea is truly one of the most easily recognizable and most peculiarly coloured species; I know no other, with which it could be confused, and one may therefore rightly wonder, why Lund has not given it the name, under which it has been described by Burmeister with reference to his [Lund���s] written notes **), but in reality Lund did not name it like that [affinis]; in his notes and on the labels attached to the collected specimens it carries the name ��� Muscicapa jocosa ���; how Burmeister could make this mistake I cannot tell, but the species has now in print received the name ��� affinis ���, and thus it must keep this... ��� 6, Published as part of Kirwan, Guy M., Steinheimer, Frank D., Raposo, Marcos A. & Zimmer, Kevin J., 2014, Nomenclatural corrections, neotype designation and new subspecies description in the genus Suiriri (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), pp. 224-240 in Zootaxa 3784 (3) on pages 234-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3784.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/251229, {"references":["Vasconcelos, M. F., D'Angelo Neto, S., Kirwan, G. M., Bornschein, M. R., Diniz, M. G. & da Silva, J. F. (2006) Important ornithological records from Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 126 (3), 212 - 238.","Krabbe, N. (2007) Birds collected by P. W. Lund and J. T. Reinhardt in south-eastern Brazil between 1825 and 1855, with notes on P. W. Lund's travels in Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 15 (3), 331 - 357.","Burmeister, H. (1853) Reise nach Brasilien, durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraes: mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Naturgeschichte der Gold- und Diamantendistricte. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 608 pp."]}

Shirihai, Hadoram, Schweizer, Manuel, Kirwan, Guy M., Svensson, Lars (2014): Saxicola syenitica Heuglin, 1869 (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae), an overlooked taxon of Oenanthe? Zootaxa 3785 (1): 1-24, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.1.1