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Lepidoblepharis nukak sp. nov. (Fig. 2). Holotype. ICN-R 12305. An adult male, 27.87 mm SVL, 29.76 mm TL, collected by the authors on 27 th October 2012 in Puerta de Ori��n, vereda La Pizarra on the way from Bogot�� to San Jos�� del Guaviare (2 �� 30 ' 38.42 "N, 72 �� 42 ' 24.44 "W; datum Bogot�� WGS 84), Guaviare department, Colombia, at approximately 217 m elevation in tropical wet forest. Paratypes. Twenty adult and five juvenile specimens collected from several localities near the type locality in Guaviare department, Colombia, at approximately 216 m elevation in tropical wet forest. These individuals correspond to five males (ICN-R 12303 -04, 12310, 12359, 12466), one female (ICN-R 12516), and one juvenile individual (ICN-R 12515), 27.87 mm SVL, collected on 20-27 th October 2012 (12303 - 4), April 16 th and October 3 rd 2013, and March 19 th 2014 in Puentes Naturales, vereda El Retiro on the way to San Jos�� del Guaviare (2 �� 32 ' 24.55 "N, 72 �� 42 ' 48.95 "W); four males (ICN-R 12313, 12351, 12373, 12467), eight females (ICN-R 12306, 12309, 12329, 12463-65, 12374, 12514), and one juvenile (ICN-R 12360) collected in Puerta de Orion, Vereda El Retiro, (2 �� 30 ' 48.19 "N, 72 �� 44 ' 33.95 "W) on October 9 th, 10 th and 27 th 2012, April 14 th 2013, and March 20 th 2014; two juveniles (ICN-R 12311 - 12) from Ciudad de Piedra, Serran��a La Lindosa (2 �� 27 ' 55.64 "N, 72 �� 42 ' 10.96 "W), collected on April 18 th and October 9 th 2013; one male (ICN-R 12366) and one juvenile (12307) from Playa G����o (2 �� 34 ' 24.70 "N, 72 �� 42 ' 48.99 "W) collected on October 9 th 2012 and October 27 th 2013; and one female (ICN-R 12468) from Cerro Azul (2 �� 34 ' 51.96 "N, 72 �� 49 ' 51.85 "W), collected on March 22���23 rd 2014. Diagnosis. A small Lepidoblepharis (adult size 27.8���29.3 mm SVL) with the following characteristics: 10���13 lamellae beneath the fourth toe; dorsal and lateral body scales granular or subconical at midpoint between levels of axilla and groin; escutcheon on belly and thighs present in adult males; snout short and rounded; mental large, convex or slightly convex (backward projected) at its posterior edge, which is also indented and followed by two to five (usually four) large anterior postmentals, 20���31 scales across snout at lst/ 2 nd supralabial suture (Fig. 3). Comparison with other species. Lepidoblepharis nukak sp. nov. is distinct from other Lepidoblepharis, except from L. xanthostigma (Noble), in having a posterior edge of mental convex or slightly convex; besides, it belongs to species with body size of less than 30 mm SVL (including L. buchwaldi Werner, L. microlepis (Noble), L. miyatai Lamar, L. montecanoensis Markezich & Taphorn, L. peracae Boulenger and L. sanctaemartae (Ruthven)) (Table 1). From species recorded or potentially distributed in the Colombian Amazonia (Cis- Andean region) (L. festae (Peracca), L. heyerorum Vanzolini and L. hoogmoedi Avila-Pires), L. nukak differs in the following characteristics (data for L. nukak sp. nov. is given first): by its smaller size (29.3 mm maximum SVL versus 42, 35 and 38 mm, respectively in the others species); presence of escutcheon in both abdomen and thighs versus only on the abdomen in the other three species; from L. festae in the size of postmental scales (larger than vs. same size as those further back), and number of subdigital lamellae (10���13 versus 14���15), and in the number of escutcheon scales on the abdomen (34���52 versus 60); from L. heyerorum by its number of ventral scales (first count) (36���45 versus 48���49 in L. heyerorum), and finally, from L. hoogmoedi, in the number of scales around midbody (80���91 versus 92���93), in the number of escutcheon scales on the abdomen (34���52 versus 56), and it also differs by the absence of a light arc on posterior part of head. Lepidoblepharis nukak sp. nov. differs from Andean and Trans Andean species of Lepidoblepharis (L. buchwaldi, L. colombianus Mechler, L. conolepis Avila-Pires, L. duolepis Ayala & Castro, L. grandis Miyata, L. intermedius Boulenger, L. microlepis, L. miyatai, L. montecanoensis, L. oxycephalus (Werner), L. peraccae, L. ruthveni Parker, L. sanctaemartae, L. williamsi Ayala & Serna, and L. xanthostigma), in the following combination of characters: from L. sanctaemartae and L. miyatai, by its larger body size (29.3 vs. 25 and 23 mm SVL, respectively), having dorsal scales granular (approximately conical), versus flat, smooth and imbricate, and by its higher counts of scales around midbody (Table 1); it further differs from L. miyatai by having fewer ventral scales (both counts), more dorsal scales between first supralabial suture, and larger postmental scales; and from L. sanctaemartae in having more lamellae and by the presence of escutcheon scales on the abdomen and thighs versus only on the abdomen; from L. ruthveni and L. duolepis by its homogeneous dorsal scales, versus heterogeneous in the other two, fewer ventral scales (first count, Table 1), and maximum body size (29.3 vs 32 mm in L. ruthveni and 46 mm in L. duolepis); it further differs from L. ruthveni by having fewer lamellae, fewer ventral scales (second count), and fewer midventral scales; and from L. duolepis by having the escutcheon on abdomen and thighs versus only in the abdomen; from L. intermedius by fewer ventral scales (both counts, Table 1), presence of escutcheon on thighs and abdomen versus only on the abdomen, fewer escutcheon scales, and a shorter versus a very long and pointed snout in L. intermedius; from L. conolepis and L. grandis by the shape and size of the dorsal scales (smaller and subconical versus larger and conical in the other two), its smaller body size (29.3 vs. 44 and 56 in the two species, respectively), fewer subdigital lamellae, fewer ventral scales (longitudinal row scales along a midventral line between anterior level of fore- and hind limbs), fewer midventral scales (Table 2), and more dorsal scales between first supralabial suture, and presence of escutcheon on thighs and abdomen versus only on the abdomen; from L. grandis in having fewer lamellae, postmental scales and loreal scales, and more dorsal scales between first supralabial suture; from L. conolepis in having fewer ventral scales (first count), fewer scales around midbody, and fewer escutcheon scales; from L. montecanoensis by its larger body size (29.3 vs 21 mm), the presence of escutcheon on thighs and abdomen versus only in the abdomen and fewer escutcheon scales; from L. oxycephalus by the size of the postmental scales (larger versus same size as posterior scales of chin); from L. xanthostigma, by its smaller body size (29.3 vs. 38 mm), number of ventrals (count 2; Table 1); from L. peraccae by having fewer ventral scales (first count), more subdigital lamellae which are not expanded, and by the presence of escutcheon on thighs and abdomen versus only on abdomen; from L. microlepis by the lower number of loreal scales; from L. emberawoundule Batista, Ponce, Vesely, Mebert, Hertz, K��hler, Carrizo & Lotzkat, L. rufigularis Batista, Ponce, Vesely, Mebert, Hertz, K��hler, Carrizo & Lotzkat, and L. victormartinezi Batista, Ponce, Vesely, Mebert, Hertz, K��hler, Carrizo & Lotzkat by its larger body size; from L. emberawoundule and L. victormartinezi by having more subdigital lamellae; from L. rufigularis and L. victormartinezi by fewer abdominal escutcheon scales, from L. victormartinezi by having escutcheon scales on abdomen and thighs versus only on abdomen; and from L. rufigularis by having more dorsal scales between first supralabial suture; and finally from L. microlepis and L. buchwaldi by its larger body size (29.3 vs. 23 and 27 mm, respectively). Description of holotype. Rostral large and high, with a median cleft, central depression sharply indented; transverse posterior margin in contact with two large supranasals, separated at midline by one flat, pentagonal like scale; granules on top of snout polygonal, prominent, becoming gradually smaller and tubercular and granular (approximately conical) toward the posterior region of the head; 14 granular or subconical scales (viewed dorsally) in a transverse line between anterior notches of superciliary flaps; nine granules bordering posterior edge of postnasals from labial to labial (Fig. 3 B); nostril indents rostral; two large postnasals, one pentagonal and one rectangular; four supralabials decreasing in size posteriorly, suture between third and fourth beneath center of eye (Fig. 3 A); teeth short and conical; superciliary flap in a double line with three enlarged scales on the top side (second scale of the top side largest) (Figs. 3 A, B); posterior half of the superciliary region covered by 10���12 small conical laterally projecting scales; mental large, nearly trapezoid, convex (posteriorly projected), transverse posterior margin bordered by three flat, enlarged scales; four infralabials, decreasing in size posteriorly; first infralabial large, nearly equal to first supralabial (Fig. 3 C). A row of flat, slightly enlarged scales bordering infralabials; other gulars small and granular (Fig. 3 C). Dorsal scales (from shoulder region to hind limb insertion) larger than those on head and neck, granular or subconical and juxtaposed; fairly homogeneous in shape, arrangement, and size; scales at base of tail large, smooth and flat (Fig. 3 I). Transition between gulars and ventrals abrupt (Fig. 2 D), at the midpoint between ear and shoulder. Ventrals flat, smooth, and imbricate, arranged in diagonal rows (Fig. 3 H). Ventrals with rounded border, increasing in size posteriorly; escutcheon discernible on abdomen and thighs (40 scales on the abdomen, 6���9 on thighs) (Figs. 3 and 4), scales of this region have angular borders, appear thicker, and the dark pigment concentrates on the border of each scale; 15 ventrals in diagonal row at midbody. Flat, smooth, imbricate scales cover dorsal surface of upper arm, forearm, and carpus, granules elsewhere; palm with flat scales becoming subconical towards the base of fingers (Fig. 3 D); digits 3-4 - 2-5 - 1 in size order; subdigital lamellae (from first to fifth finger): 5-7 - 9 - 9 - 7. Hind limb with flat, smooth, imbricate scales on anterior half of thigh, ventral aspect of thigh, tibia and dorsal surface of tarsus, cone-like or granular elsewhere; plantar surface covered with granules (Fig. 3 F); toes 4-5 - 3 - 2 - 1 in size order; subdigital lamellae (from first to fifth toe): 4-8 - 10-12 - 10. Approximately half of the tail is regenerated; dorsal scales on proximal portion of tail smooth, flat, imbricate and round to slightly diamond-shaped; ventrally lateral scales are smaller than central scales. L. nukak sp. nov. L. heyerorum L. hoogmoedi L. festae ^ Ge��graphic Distributi��n C��l��mbia, Guaviare department, 9 ��� 11 Brazil and French Guiana. Brazil and Peru. Amaz��nian, Ecuad��r, Peru and Brazil. Amaz��nian Km. fr��m San J��s. del Guaviare. Amaz��nian, between 50 ��� 200 m. bel��w 50 m. and Andean sl��pe, bel��w 2400 m. Guyana Shield, between 190 ��� 230 m. D��rsal scales H��m��gene��us, small, larger than scales H��m��gene��us, small, slightly H��m��gene��us, small, slightly H��m��gene��us ��r subequals, small, ��n t��p ��f head granular, ��uxtap��sed. larger than scales ��n t��p ��f larger than scales ��n t��p ��f slightly smaller than scales ��n t��p ��f head, granular, ��uxtap��sed. head, granular, ��uxtap��sed. head, granular, sm����th ��r c��nical, ��uxtap��sed. F��urth t��e lamellae number 10 ��� 13 11 ��� 14 12 ��� 14 14 �� 15 ������ continued on the next page ������ continued on the next page L. emberawoundule ^ L. grandis ^ L. intermedius L. microlepis ^ Ge��graphic Distributi��n Eastern Panama, 227 ��� 773 m. Ecuad��r, Pichincha. Between 600 ��� C��l��mbia and Ecuad��r. Pacific C��l��mbia. Pacific regi��n, bel��w 200 1400 m. l��wlands, bel��w 100 m. m. D��rsal scales H��m��gene��us, small, granular, and H��m��gene��us, granular, H��m��gene��us, larger than scales ��n H��m��gene��us, tiny, slightly large ��uxtap��sed, large than scales ��n t��p (appr��ximately c��nical, sligthly t��p ��f the head, granular, ��uxtap��sed. than scales ��n t��p ��f head, granular, ��f head small and granular wider than high), large than scales str��ngly keeled ��r str��ngly ��n t��p ��f head granular, sligthly tubercular, ��uxtap��sed. larger t��ward flanks, ��uxtap��sed. F��urth t��e lamellae number 6 �� 9 16 �� 20 11 ��� 18 (usually 12 ��� 14) (expanded) 10 ��r less.* ventral scales (l��ngitudinal r��w N�� data 43 ��� 48 51 �� 59 N�� data scales in a straight line between thr��at t�� p��steri��r b��rder ��f cl��aca) ventral scales (l��ngitudinal r��w N�� data 36 �� 40 35 �� 43 N�� data scales al��ng a midventral line between anteri��r level ��f f��re���and ���limbs) *** Midventral scales (diag��nal r��ws at 16 ��� 20 20 �� 22 18 ��� 26 16 ��� 20 midb��dy, between small lateral granular scales) Scales ar��und midb��dy 69 ��� 92 87 ��� 92 66 ��� 95 N�� data B��rder mental shape in its p��steri��r Concave, edge a vaguely M�� Concave, edge M��shaped, with or Concave, edge M��shaped, with Concave, edge M��shaped, without margin shaped, with two large without short clefts at one or both two large clefts. or with two clefts. paramedian clefts at both anterior anterior tips of the "M". tips of the "M". P��stmental scales (size) Sligthly larger than th��se medial and Hardly larger than p��steri��r scales First p��stmental scales larger than Enlarged scales ��f which the median p��steri��r gular scales. ��n chin, alth��ugh median ��nes may th��se farther back. is the largest. be slightly larger. P��stmental scales(number) 3 ��� 7 6 �� 9 3 ��� 4 3 ��� 5 L��real scales (number) 5 ��� 7 11 �� 12 8 ��� 10 (rarely 7) 10 D��rsal scales between first 18 ��� 21 14 �� 15 19 ��� 24 N�� data supralabial suture Escutche��n p��siti��n Abd��men and thigts Abdomen Abdomen Abd��men and thigts Escutche��n scales (number in adult 38 ��� 61 ��� 4 ��� 5 30 ��� 60 167 �� 275 (juvenile 47) 28 ��� 110 ��� 3 ��� 4 (abd��men���thighs) males) max. (mm) 30 56 32 23 ������ continued on the next page ������ continued on the next page L. rufigularis ^ L. ruthveni L. sanctaemartae ������ continued on the next page L. victormartinezi ^ L. williamsi L. xanthostigma Color in life. From color photographs and field notes; apparently there are two color patterns among adult males as well as among adult females and juveniles, one lighter than the other (Fig. 2). Adult males dorsally Grayish Olive (274) or Smoke Grey (267) with small and dark irregular Jet Black (300) markings and very small Cyan White (155) stipples over head, back and tail, more conspicuous in some males; background dorsal color of females Raw Umber (22) or Sepia (279), with irregular Burnt Umber (48) or Jet Black (300) spots; Smoke White (261) stipples that also cover fore and hind limbs, stipples being more conspicuous in females than in males; dorsal surfaces of head and body of juveniles mottled with Smoke Gray (266) and Sepia (286), or Dusky Brown (285); head and neck region Dark Salmon Color (59) or Light Pratt��s Rufous (71) in males, Grayish Horn Color (268) or Burnt Umber (48) in females; mottled similar to head and dorsum in young individuals; females with a stippled pattern on the head, males with a more homogeneous background; a dorsolateral series of Medium Chrome Orange (75) splotches or Drab (19) continuous line Black Jet (300) bordered in young individuals (similar to that found in some adult females, see below); a Drab (19) line from posterior border of eye to base of tail in some adult males and females; this line appears well defined and bordered by Black Jet (300) in most females; this dorsolateral line, when present, ends with a transversal line at the base of the tail (���H��� shape) (Fig. 2). These dorsolateral lines become wider and are Robin Rufous (29) in females, and Raw Umber (23) in males from the base of the tail towards its tip; tail with Medium Chrome Orange (75) and Dusky Brown (285) in juveniles. Lateral side of the head and body and back with small Cyan White (155) or white stipples; stipples being more abundant in females; mottled or as their back in young individuals; posterior lateral side of thighs with irregular and large ocelli, the one closest to the base of the tail largest, Light Yellow Ocher (13) colored. Lips strongly barred (mainly those labials below the eye) with Dusky Brown (285) and Smoky White (261) in some females and juveniles; barred is faint in other males and females. Throat in males Medium Chrome Orange (75). Gular region of some females and juveniles with or without Dusky Brown (285) bars, originating from the infralabial scales and extending onto the neck; gular region of some females diffusely mottled with Dusky Brown (285) and Smoky White (261). Venter Smoke Gray (266), lighter toward chest. Palmar surfaces Hair Brown (277), darker than venter; iris Raw Umber (23) with Orange Yellow (8) line bordering the pupil. Color in preservative. The general pattern similar to specimens in life; background dorsal color is dark brown; orange color from lateral side of neck, dorsal, lateral and ventral surface of the head is lost; gular region turns cream greyish in those specimens. Whitish tiny dots that cover most of the body surface are hardly noted. Palmar surfaces are dark grey. Variation. Variation of the type series in meristic chara, Published as part of Calder��n-Espinosa, Martha Lucia & Medina-Rangel, Guido Fabian, 2016, A new Lepidoblepharis lizard (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from the Colombian Guyana shield, pp. 215-232 in Zootaxa 4067 (2) on pages 217-229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/270615, {"references":["Prance, G. T. (1996) Islands in Amazonia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 351, 823 - 833. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1996.0077","Huber, O. (2006) Herbaceous ecosystems on the Guayana Shield, a regional overview. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 464 - 475. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2005.01454. x"]}

Family Gobiidae Peripheral Awaous banana (Valenciennes, 1837) (Gobio del r��o, River goby) Hydrographic zones: Cara Sucia San Pedro, Grande de Sonsonate, Mandinga-Comalapa, R��o Jiboa Departments: Ahuachap��n, Sonsonate, La Libertad, La Paz Bathygobius ramosus Ginsburg, 1947 (Mapo pan��mico, Panamic frillfin) Hydrographic zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Ctenogobius sagittula (G��nther, 1862) (Gobio aguzado, Longtail goby) Hydrographic zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Gobionellus microdon (Gilbert, 1892) (Gobio cola de palma, Estuary goby) Hydrographic zones: Cara Sucia San Pedro, Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Ahuachap��n, Usulut��n, La Uni��n Sicydium multipunctatum Regan, 1906 (Dormil��n pecoso, Multispotted goby) Hydrographic zones: Grande de Sonsonate, Mandinga-Comalapa Departments: Sonsonate, La Libertad Sicydium salvini Ogilvie-Grant, 1884 (Gobio de Salvin, Salvin���s goby) Hydrographic zones: Mandinga-Comalapa, R��o Jiboa Departments: La Libertad, La Paz ORDER PLEURONECTIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Batrachoididae Peripheral Batrachoides waltersi Collette & Russo, 1981 (Sapo peludo, Multipored toadfish) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n ORDER MUGILIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Characidae Primary Astyanax aeneus (G��nther, 1860) (Plateada, Banded tetra) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, Cara Sucia San Pedro, Mandinga-Comalapa, R��o Jiboa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachap��n, La Libertad, La Paz, Usulut��n, San Miguel, Moraz��n, Santa Ana, Chalatenango Roeboides bouchellei Fowler, 1923 (Alma seca, Crystal tetra) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: La Libertad, San Miguel, Santa Ana ORDER SILURIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Lutjanidae Peripheral Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869) (Pargo amarillo, Yellow snapper) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Lutjanus colorado Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Pargo rojo, Colorado snapper) Hydrographical zones: Mandinga-Comalapa, Sirama Departments: La Libertad, La Uni��n Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) (Pargo lunarejo, Spotted rose snapper) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Centropomidae Peripheral Centropomus armatus Gill, 1863 (Robalo espina larga, Longspine snook) Hydrographical zones: Cara Sucia San Pedro, Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Ahuacahp��n, Usulut��n, La Uni��n Centropomus medius G��nther, 1864 (Robalo aleta prieta, Blackfin snook) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Centropomus nigrescens G��nther, 1864 (Robalo negro, Black snook) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Centropomus robalito Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Robalo aleta amarilla, Yellowfin snook) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 448-449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Gobiesocidae Peripheral Gobiesox potamius Briggs 1955 (Chupapiedra, Clingfish) Hydrographic zones: Grande de Sonsonate, Mandinga-Comalapa Departments: Sonsonate, La Libertad, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 452, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Mugilidae Peripheral Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft, 1834) (Tepemechin, Mountain mullet) Hydrographical zones: R��o Grande de Sonsonate, Mandiga Comalapa, R��o Jiboa Departments: Sonsonate, La Libertad, La Paz Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Chimbera, White mullet) Hydrographical zones: Mandinga-Comalapa, Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: La Libertad, Usulut��n, La Uni��n Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lisa, Flathead grey mullet) Hydrographical zone: R��o Paz Department: Ahuachap��n Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver, 1895 (Lisa hospe, Hospe mullet) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n ORDER ATHERINIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 445-446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Gerreidae Peripheral Diapterus peruvianus (Cuvier, 1830) (Mojarra aletas amarillas, Peruvian mojarra) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n Eucinostomus argenteus Baird & Girard, 1855 (Mojarra plateada, Silver mojarra) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Eucinostomus currani Zahuranec, 1980 (Mojarra aleta de bandera, Pacific flagfin mojarra) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Eucinostomus gracilis (Gill, 1862) (Mojarra charrita, Graceful mojarra) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Gerres cinereus (Walbaum, 1792) (Mojarra blanca, Yellowfin mojarra) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Cichlidae Secondary Amatitlania coatepeque Schmitter-Soto, 2007 (Endemic) (Mojarra del Coatepeque, Coatepeque convict cichlid) Hydrographic zone: Lago Coatepeque Department: Santa Ana Amatitlania nigrofasciata (G��nther, 1867) (Burra/Burrita, Convict cichlid) Hydrographic zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, Cara Sucia San Pedro, Grande de Sonsonate, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachahap��n, Sonsonate, San Miguel, Moraz��n, Santa Ana, Chalatenango, Cuscatl��n Amphilophus longimanus (G��nther, 1867) (Machaca, Red breast cichlid) Hydrographic zone: R��o Lempa Department: Santa Ana Amphilophus macracanthus (G��nther, 1864) (Mojarra negra, Blackthroat cichlid) Hydrographic zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, Cara Sucia San Pedro, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachap��n, San Miguel, Santa Ana, Cuscatl��n ��� Cichlasoma ��� trimaculatum (G��nther, 1867) (Istataua, Three spot cichlid) Hydrographic zones: R��o Lempa, Cara Sucia San Pedro, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachap��n, San Salvador, San Miguel, Santa Ana, Cuscatl��n Cryptoheros cutteri (Fowler, 1932) (Congo hondure��o, Honduran congo) Hydrographic zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: San Miguel, Santa Ana Oreochromis niloticus (Linneaus, 1758) (Introduced) (Tilapia, Nile tilapia) Hydrographic zone: Grande de Sonsonate Departments: Sonsonate, Santa Ana Parachromis dovii (G��nther 1864) (Introduced) (Guapote, Wolf cichlid) Hydrographic zone: R��o Lempa Department: Santa Ana Parachromis managuensis (G��nther, 1867) (Introduced) (Guapote tigre, Jaguar guapote) Hydrographic zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, Rio Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachap��n, San Miguel, Santa Ana Parachromis motaguensis (G��nther, 1867) (Guapote, False yellowjacket cichlid) Hydrographic zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, R��o Grande de San Miguel, Lago Coatepeque Departments: Ahuachahp��n, La Libertad, San Salvador, San Miguel, Santa Ana Paraneetroplus guttulatus (G��nther, 1864) (Mojarra de Amatitl��n, Amatitl��n cichlid) Hydrographic zone: Lago Coatepeque Department: Santa Ana, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 451-452, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Lepisosteidae Secondary Atractosteus tropicus Gill, 1863 (Machorra, Tropical Gar) Hydrographical zones: R��o Paz, Cara Sucia San Pedro Department: Ahuachap��n ORDER CLUPEIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Achiridae Peripheral Achirus mazatlanus (Steindachner, 1869) (Suela guardaboya, Mazatlan sole) Hydrographic zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Achirus scutum (G��nther, 1862) (Suela listada, Network sole) Hydrographic zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Haemulidae Peripheral Haemulopsis elongatus (Steindachner, 1879) (Ronco alargado, Elongate grunt) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Haemulopsis leuciscus (G��nther, 1864) (Ronco ruco, Raucous grunt) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Pomadasys macracanthus (G��nther, 1864) (Corocoro coche, Longspine grunt) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Family Sciaenidae Peripheral Bairdiella armata Gill, 1863 (Corvineta armada, Armed croaker) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Cynoscion squamipinnis (G��nther, 1867) (Corvina aguada, Weakfish) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Cynoscion stolzmanni (Steindachner, 1879) (Corvina de Stolzmann, Stolzmann���s weakfish) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Isopisthus remifer Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Corvineta azul, Silver weakfish) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Micropogonias altipinnis (G��nther, 1864) (Corvina berrugato, Tallfin croaker) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Paralonchurus dumerilii (Bocourt, 1869) (Lambe suco, Suco croaker) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 450-451, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Profundulidae Secondary Profundulus guatemalensis (G��nther, 1866) (Escamudo guatemalteco, Guatemalan killifish) Hydrographical zone: R��o Paz Department: Ahuachahap��n Profundulus kreiseri Matamoros, Schaefer, Hern��ndez, & Chakrabarty, 2012 (Escamudo de Kreiser, Kreiser���s killifish) Hydrographical zone: R��o Lempa Department: Santa Ana, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 447, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Ariidae Peripheral Ariopsis guatemalensis (G��nther, 1864) (Bagre cuatete, Blue sea catfish) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: San Vicente, Usulut��n, San Miguel, Santa Ana, Cuscatl��n Ariopsis seemanni (G��nther, 1864) (Bagre tete, Tete sea catfish) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Bagre panamensis (Gill, 1863) (Bagre chihuil, Chihuil sea catfish) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Mandinga-Comalapa, Bah��a Jiquilisco Departments: La Libertad, Usulut��n, Santa Ana Cathorops raredonae Marceniuk, Betancur-R., & Acero, 2009 (Bagre curadora, Curator���s sea catfish) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Cathorops steindachneri (Gilbert & Starks, 1904) (Congo baboso, Steindachner���s sea catfish) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Notarius kessleri (Steindachner, 1877) (Bagre esculpido, Sculptured sea catfish) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n Notarius troschelii (Gill, 1863) (Bagre chili, Chili sea catfish) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n ORDER BATRACHOIDIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 444-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Heptapteridae Primary Rhamdia guatemalensis (G��nther, 1864) (Filin/Juilin, Guatemalan chulin) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: La Libertad, San Salvador, San Miguel, Moraz��n, Santa Ana, Chalatenango, Cuscatl��n Rhamdia laticauda (Kner, 1858) (Filin, Filespine chul��n) Hydrographical zone: R��o Lempa Department: San Miguel, Santa Ana, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Tetraodontidae Peripheral Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Botete diana, Bullseye puffer) Hydrographic zones: R��o Paz, Bah��a Jiquilisco, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachap��n, Usulut��n, San Miguel, La Uni��n Sphoeroides lobatus (Steindachner, 1870) (Tamboreta, Longnose puffer) Hydrographic zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Eleotridae Peripheral Dormitator latifrons (Richardson, 1844) (Sambo, Pacific fat sleeper) Hydrographic zones: Cara Sucia San Pedro, Mandinga-Comalapa, Bah��a Jiquilisco, R��o Grande de San Miguel, Sirama Departments: Ahuachahap��n, La Libertad, Usulut��n, San Miguel, La Uni��n Eleotris picta Kner, 1863 (Guavina manchada, Spotted sleeper) Hydrographic zones: Cara Sucia San Pedro, Grande de Sonsonate, Mandinga-Comalapa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachap��n, Sonsonate, La Libertad, San Miguel Gobiomorus maculatus (G��nther, 1859) (Guavina, Pacific sleeper) Hydrographic zones: R��o Lempa, Cara Sucia San Pedro, Grande de Sonsonate, Mandinga-Comalapa, R��o Jiboa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachap��n, Sonsonate, La Libertad, La Paz, San Vicente, Usulut��n, San Miguel, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 452-453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Paralichthyidae Peripheral Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins & Evermann, 1889 (Lenguado tapadera, Bigmouth sanddab) Hydrographic zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Cyclopsetta panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) (Lenguado pan��mico, God���s flounder) Hydrographic zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Cyclopsetta querna (Jordan & Bollman, 1890) (Lenguado dient��n, Toothed flounder) Hydrographic zones: Mandinga-Comalapa, Bah��a Jiquilisco Departments: La Libertad, Usulut��n Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Lenguado ribete, Fringed flounder) Hydrographic zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 453-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Engraulidae Peripheral Anchoa curta (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Anchoa corta, Short anchovy) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n Anchoa mundeola (Gilbert & Pierson, 1898) (Falsa anchoveta, False Panama anchovy) Hydrographical zone: R��o Paz Departments: Ahuachap��n, Usulut��n Anchoa spinifer (Valenciennes, 1848) (Anchoa de fondo, Spicule anchovy) Hydrographical zones: Mandinga-Comalapa, Sirama Departments: La Libertad, La Uni��n Anchoa starksi (Gilbert & Pierson, 1898) (Ancho de starks, Starks��� anchovy) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n Anchoa walkeri Baldwin & Chang, 1970 (Anchoa de Walker, Walker���s anchovy) Hydrographical zones: Mandinga-Comalapa, Sirama Departments: La Libertad, La Uni��n Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner, 1863) (Anchoveta escamuda, Bigscale anchovy) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Cynoglossidae Peripheral Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 (Lengua de Chabanaud, Chabanaud���s tonguefish) Hydrographic zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirma Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Symphurus elongatus (G��nther, 1868) (Lengua esbelta, Elongate tonguefish) Hydrographic zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n ORDER TETRAODONTIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Anablepidae Secondary Anableps dowei Gill, 1861 (Cuatro ojos, Pacific foureyed fish) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, R��o Grande de San Miguel, Sirama Departments: Ahuachap��n, La Libertad, San Vicente, Usulut��n, San Miguel, La Uni��n, Santa Ana, Cuscatl��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 447, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Pristigasteridae Peripheral Ilisha fuerthii (Steindachner, 1875) (Sardina hacha, Pacific ilisha) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 443-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Clupeidae Peripheral Neoopisthopterus tropicus (Hildebrand, 1946) (Sardinela pelada, Tropical longfin herring) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Odontognathus panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) (Sardina machete paname��a, Panama longfin herring) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n ORDER CHARACIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Nototriton mime sp. nov. Figures 3 A���D Holotype. USNM 579870 (Fig. 3 A), an adult male from Cerro Ulloa (15.3833 ��N, 86.0399 ��W), Parque Nacional Monta��a de Botaderos, 1,705 m, Departamento de Olancho, Honduras, collected 16 April 2011 by M. Medina- Flores, O. A. Reyes-Calder��n, and J. H. Townsend; original field number JHT 3400; GenBank accession numbers KC 905090 (16 S) and KC 905094 (cyt b). Paratopotypes. Three (same collectors as holotype); a female (Fig. 3 B; MVZ 269306) and a juvenile (Fig. 3 D; USNM 579872), collected 16 April 2011, 1,710 m, 15.3843 ��N, 86.0396 ��W; and a male (Fig. 3 C; USNM 579871), 17 April 2011, 1,720 m elevation, 15.3874 ��N, 86.0467 ��W. Diagnosis. A member of the genus Nototriton diagnosed by possessing 13 costal grooves (> 16 costal grooves in Oedipina), hands and feet longer than broad (hands and feet broader than long in Bolitoglossa), and small nares (0.007���0.010 NL/SL; 0.017���0.029 NL/SL in Cryptotriton and Dendrotriton). Distinctiveness of the new species and its assignment to the Nototriton barbouri species group is supported by analysis of sequence fragments from the mitochondrial genes 16 S and cyt b (Fig. 2). Nototriton mime is unique among described congeners in the Chort��s Highlands by having a yellow-brown dorsal coloration in adult males, as well as relatively longer front and hind limbs (FLL/SL 0.195���0.246, HLL/SL 0.224���0.254; versus 0.142���0.174 and 0.153 ���0.200 in N. barbouri, 0.148���0.151 and 0.166���0.180 in N. brodiei, 0.137���0.160 and 0.158���0.181 in N. lignicola, 0.156���0.183 and 0.164��� 0.211 in N. limnospectator, 0.179���0.191 and 0.204���0.218 in N. picucha, 0.172 and 0.178 in N. stuarti, and 0.160 and 0.197 in N. tomamorum). The new species may be further differentiated from the other species of Nototriton found in the Chort��s Highlands as follows: from N. brodiei by having a broader head (HW/SL 0.121���0.138, versus 0.120), larger nares (NL/SL 0.007���0.010, versus 0.004���0.005), a shorter tail (TL/SL 0.698 ���1.117, versus 1.420��� 1.440), and fewer maxillary teeth (27���46, versus 60���62); from N. lignicola by having a broader head (HW/SL 0.121���0.138, versus 0.103���0.118); from N. limnospectator by having a broader head (HW/SL 0.121���0.138, versus 0.095���0.118) and larger nares (NL/SL 0.007���0.010, versus 0.003); from N. picucha by having a narrower head (HW/SL 0.121���0.138, versus 0.140���0.148); from N. saslaya by having narrower hind feet (HFW/SL 0.044 ��� 0.050, versus 0.075���0.091), larger nares (NL/SL 0.007���0.010, versus 0.002���0.003), and a higher number of maxillary (27���46, versus 17���22) and vomerine (12���24, versus 3���11) teeth; from N. stuarti by having a slightly narrower head HW/SL 0.121���0.138, versus 0.138), a shorter tail (TL/SL 0.698 ���1.117, versus 1.264), and smaller nares (NL/SL 0.007���0.010, versus 0.012); and from N. tomamorum by having well-developed digits with subdigital pads (versus hands and feet syndactylous and lacking subdigital pads), a narrower head (HW/SL 0.121��� 0.138, versus 0.145), and smaller nares (NL/SL 0.007���0.010, versus 0.018). Description of holotype. An adult male (SL = 31.8 mm, total length = 67.3 mm) with a slender body and reduced limbs. The head is rounded, slightly broader than the body; nostrils are relatively small (NL/SL= 0.010), and the snout is acutely rounded and of moderate length. Nasolabial grooves are visible but slight, and nasolabial protuberances are not apparent. The eyes are relatively large and protuberant, and the elongate parotoid glands are relatively flat and not well-defined. There are 46 maxillary teeth, 3 slightly enlarged premaxillary teeth in line with the maxillaries, and 24 vomerine teeth. The limbs are short (CLL/SL= 0.40), with the adpressed limb interval approximately 4.5 costal grooves. The hands and feet are narrow with well-developed digits that bear poorly developed subdigital pads. The relative length of the digits is IMeasurements of holotype (mm). SL 31.8; AG 16.9; TW 3.3; HL 5.8; HW 3.6; TL 35.5; HLL 6.7; FLL 5.8; CLL 12.5; FFW 0.8; HFW 0.9; NL 0.3; EL 1.8; EW 0.9; IOD 0.7; anterior rim of orbit to snout 1.4; distance separating internal nares 1.1; distance separating external nares 1.6; snout projection beyond mandible 0.3; tip of snout to axilla 9.0; snout to anterior edge of vent 27.8; tail depth at basal constriction 2.7; tail width at basal constriction 2.6. Color in life of adult male holotype. Description of the coloration of the holotype based on a series of color photographs taken in life: dorsal surfaces of paratoid region of head, body, and tail Chamois (84); lateral surfaces mottled Ground Cinnamon (270), with Dark Grayish Brown (284) spots beginning on the centrolateral portion of costal groove 4 and becoming larger posteriorly, with one large blotch present centrolaterally from costal groove 12 to the hind limb; narrow middorsal stripe Pale Pinkish Buff (3), with faint herringbone pattern evident dorsally; dorsal and lateral surfaces of head mottled Vandyke Brown (282) with some Smoky White (261) and Pearl Gray (262) stippling above the mouth; dorsal surface of limbs Sepia (286) with Cinnamon-Rufous (31), Yellow-Ocher (14), and Chamois (84) stippling, becoming more profuse towards body; dorsal surface of tail with Pale Mauve (204) spots beginning about halfway down the length of the tail, with tail becoming almost completely Pale Mauve (204) towards the tip; ventral surface of body with a Dark Mauve (208) to Cyanine Blue (189) cast, with scattered Smoky White (261) and Light Lavender (201) stippling; ventral ground color of tail Fuscous (283), darker than body, with a series of three pairs of Salmon Color (58) blotches behind the vent with spacing equivalent to that of the costal grooves, distal portion of ventral surface of tail with Smoky White (261) and Pale Mauve (204) stippling; color of iris Gem Ruby (65). Variation. In all individuals except the holotype, the tail is shorter than the body (TL/SVL= 0.780 in USNM 579871, a male, 0.817 in MVZ 269306, a female, and 0.698 in USNM 579872, a juvenile) In each case, the tail does not appear to be incomplete, and thus the significance of the degree of variation seen in tail length is not clear. The male paratype (USNM 579871) has 27 maxillary, 5 premaxillary, and 12 vomerine teeth; the female paratype (MVZ 269306) has 37 maxillary, 7 premaxillary, and 17 vomerine teeth. The female (MVZ 269306) and juvenile (USNM 579872) paratypes both exhibit a different color pattern than that seen in the male holotype (USNM 579870) and paratype (USNM 579871). The adult female paratype MVZ 269306 has the following coloration in life: dorsal surface of paratoid region of head and body Hazel (26) with darker Brick Red (36) and paler Robin Rufous (29) blotches forming a herringbone pattern, with a narrow Robin Rufous (29) middorsal stripe; irregular Dark Buff Yellow (54) dorsolateral stripes originate approximately halfway down the body and become better defined and continue onto the tail, bordered laterally by a series of small Vandyke Brown (281) blotches positioned on costal grooves 4, 5, 8, 9, and 10, and becoming a continuous blotch over costal grooves 11, 12, and 13 that extends onto the proximal half of the tail; lateral surfaces of body mottled Dark Buff Yellow (54) and Robin Rufous (29) with Pale Bluish Gray (287) stippling; dorsal surface of head with Raw Umber (280) mottling on the parietal region and between the eyes, lateral surfaces of head Russet (44) with Pale Bluish Gray (287) stippling, ventral surface Glaucous (291) with scattered small Pale Bluish Gray (287) spots; ventral surface of body Vandyke Brown (282) with scattered Smoky White (261) and Pale Bluish Gray (287) stippling most prominent near the head and along the centerline of the venter; dorsal surface of tail mottled Hazel (26) and Robin Rufous (29), with Raw Umber (280) to Vandyke Brown (282) lateral and ventral surfaces with Smoky White (261) and Pale Bluish Gray (287) stippling; iris Mahogany Red (34). Etymology. The specific epithet ��� mime ��� is a noun in apposition to the generic name, given to honor our late friend Arquimides Gabriel Rosales Martinez, or ��� Mime ��� (pronounced me-may), a young Honduran biologist passionate about amphibians. Mime and his sister, Novy Hortensia Rosales Martinez, were killed by a drunken driver on 17 December 2010 in Tegucigalpa. Geographic distribution. This species is known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality, 1,705��� 1,720 m on Cerro Ulloa, the highest ridge in the Sierra de Botaderos, forming the border between the departments of Col��n and Olancho (Figs. 1, 3). Natural history. The habitat at the type locality is tropical montane cloud forest, in the Lower Montane Wet Forest formation. The male holotype (USNM 579870; Fig. 3 A) was active at night among the leaves of an orchid growing on a small stump on the ground along a wet ridge at 1,705 m elevation. The male paratype (USNM 579871; Fig. 3 C) was collected from underneath a small log embedded in the ground at 1,720 m elevation. The female paratype (MVZ 269306; Fig. 3 B) was found in a bromeliad on the ground at 1,705 m elevation, near the holotype. The juvenile paratype (USNM 579872; Fig. 3 D) was collected during the late afternoon from within a small bromeliad approximately 2 m above the ground on a large fallen branch at 1,710 m elevation. Conservation status. Based on the extremely limited extent of intact cloud forest around the only known locality (approximately 300 hectares), and the continuing deforestation surrounding this locality, we recommend Nototriton mime be immediately considered Critically Endangered (CR B 1 ab[i, ii, iii]+ 2 ab[i, ii, iii]), following the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN 2012). The broadleaf forests of the Sierra de Botaderos are approximately 33,000 hectares in total extent, and ranges from 100 to 1,724 m elevation. However, less than 1,000 total hectares of forest above 1,500 m elevation exists, and is fragmented into approximately a dozen discrete patches along the spine of the cordillera. The type locality, Cerro Ulloa, is one of these patches, and is the highest elevation forest in the mountain range. Cerro Ulloa is already deforested up to and above 1,500 m elevation on the southern slopes (Fig. 4 A), and preexisting trails made by farmers cross the summit of the peak (Fig. 4 B) and access inholdings deep with the forest on the Col��n side of the ridge. The approximately 300 hectares of intact cloud forest habitat surrounding the type locality are already under direct threat from migratory agriculture and cattle ranching, and, most recently, are indirectly threatened by the dramatic increase in international narcotrafficking in adjacent portions of Col��n and Olancho. The recent declaration of the remaining premontane and lower montane rainforests as a national park is a positive development; however, the remote location of the park and high-risk nature of conflicts related to enforcing protection of its remaining forests make conservation here, and throughout eastern Honduras, a resourceintensive challenge. Remarks. With the description of Nototriton mime, there are 17 named species of Nototriton distributed from Guatemala to Costa Rica, six of which are endemic to Honduras (Townsend et al. 2011; Boza-Oviedo et al. 2012). Each of these six endemic species have distributions restricted to cloud forest habitat in the upper reaches of isolated mountain ranges, with only one species (N. limnospectator) known to occur at premontane elevations as low as 800 m. In addition to these six species, there are two as yet undescribed species currently referred to the taxon N. barbouri, one from Parque Nacional Pico Bonito (N. sp A in Townsend et al. 2011) and one from Refugio de Vida Silvestre Tex��guat (N. sp. B, op. cit.). The coloration seen in Nototriton mime appears to be the first documented case of sexual dichromatism in the genus Nototriton, and one of few documented cases in tropical salamanders. Another endemic Honduras salamander, Bolitoglossa diaphora, from the Sierra de Omoa in northwestern Honduras, also exhibits marked dichromatism, with males being bluish-gray and females being a mottled red-orange coloration (McCranie & Wilson 1995)., Published as part of Townsend, Josiah H., Medina-Flores, Melissa, Reyes-Calder��n, On��n & Austin, James D., 2013, A new Nototriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Parque Nacional Monta��a de Botaderos in northeastern Honduras, pp. 358-368 in Zootaxa 3666 (3) on pages 361-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3666.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/215885

Family Synbranchidae Secondary Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (Falsa anguila/ Anguila, Marbled swamp eel) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Grande de San Miguel, Sirama Departments: Moraz��n, La Uni��n ORDER PERCIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 448, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Carangidae Peripheral Caranx caballus G��nther, 1868 (Jurel bonito, Green jack) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Caranx caninus G��nther, 1867 (Jurel com��n, Pacific crevalle jack) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Chloroscombrus orqueta Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 (Casabe, Pacific bumper) Hydrographical zones: Bah��a Jiquilisco, Sirama Departments: Usulut��n, La Uni��n Oligoplites altus (G��nther, 1868) (Zapatero sierrita, Longjaw leatherjacket) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner, 1876 (P��mpano plateado, Blackblotch pompano) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Atherinopsidae Peripheral Atherinella argentea Chernoff, 1986 (Pejerrey arg��nteo, Moon silverside) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Bah��a Jiquilisco, Lago Coatepeque Departments: San Salvador, Usulut��n, Santa Ana Atherinella guatemalensis (G��nther, 1864) (Ejote guatemalteco, Guatemala silverside) Hydrographical zone: Bah��a Jiquilisco Department: Usulut��n Atherinella guija (Hildebrand, 1925) (Ejote, Guija silverside) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa (including Lago G��ija) Departments: San Vicente, Santa Ana Atherinella pachylepis (G��nther, 1864) (Pejerrey al��n, Thickscale silverside) Hydrographical zones: Sirama Department: La Uni��n ORDER BELONIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Hemiramphidae Peripheral Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani, 1841) (Pajarito, Common halfbeak) Hydrographical zone: Sirama Department: La Uni��n ORDER CYPRINODONTIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on page 446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Family Poeciliidae Secondary Heterandria anzuetoi Rosen & Bailey, 1979 (Chimbolo, Anzueto���s killifish) Hydrographical zone: R��o Lempa Departments: Caba��as, Cuscatl��n Poecilia butleri Jordan, 1889 (Topote del Pac��fico, Pacific molly) Hydrographical zone: R��o Jiboa Department: La Paz Poecilia gillii (Kner, 1863) (Olomina, Gill���s molly) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Cara Sucia San Pedro Departments: Ahuachap��n, La Libertad, San Salvador, La Paz, San Miguel, Moraz��n, Santa Ana Poecilia marcellinoi Poeser, 1995 (Topote de Ilopango, Ilopango molly) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Grande de Sonsonate, Mandinga-Comalapa Departments: Sonsonate, La Libertad, Santa Ana Poecilia salvatoris Regan, 1907 (Topote de El Salvador, Salvadoran molly) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, Grande de Sonsonate Departments: Ahuachap��n, Sonsonate, San Salvador, Santa Ana, Chalatenango Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Topote mexicano, Mexican Molly) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, Mandinga-Comalapa, R��o Grande de San Miguel Departments: Ahuachahap��n, La Libertad, San Salvador, Usulut��n, San Miguel, Santa Ana, Cuscatl��n Poeciliopsis pleurospilus (G��nther, 1866) (Guatopote manchote, Largespot livebearer) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, R��o Paz, Grande de Sonsonate, Mandinga-Comalapa, R��o Jiboa, R��o Grande de San Miguel, Lago Coatepeque Departments: Ahuachap��n, Sonsonate, La Libertad, San Salvador, La Paz, San Miguel, Moraz��n, Santa Ana, Chalatenango, Cuscatl��n Poeciliopsis turrubarensis (Meek, 1912) (Guatopote del Pac��fico, Barred livebearer) Hydrographical zones: R��o Lempa, Bah��a Jiquilisco Departments: San Vicente, Usulut��n ORDER GASTEROSTEIFORMES Family Syngnathidae Peripheral Pseudophallus starksii (Jordan & Culver, 1895) (Pipeta/Falso Caballo, Yellowbelly pipefish) Hydrographical zones: Mandinga-Comalapa, Sirama Departments: La Libertad, La Uni��n ORDER SYNBRANCHIFORMES, Published as part of Mcmahan, Caleb D., Matamoros, Wilfredo A., ��lvarez Calder��n, Francisco S., Henr��quez, Wendy Yamileth, Recinos, H. Michelle, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Barraza, Enrique & Herrera, N��stor, 2013, Checklist of the Inland Fishes of El Salvador, pp. 440-456 in Zootaxa 3608 (6) on pages 447-448, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.6.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216071

Osteocephalus castaneicola sp. n. Figs. 2 (A���E), 3 (A���B) Holotype. CBF 6051, adult male from the vicinity of the settlement of San Antonio de Filadelfia, 11 �� 18 ��� S, 67 �� 23 ��� W, ca. 200 m a.s.l., Provincia Manuripi, Departamento Pando, Bolivia, collected on 22 November 2007 by J. Moravec, M. Guerrero-Reinhard and G. Calder��n. Paratopotypes. NMP 6 V 73810 / 1���3, two adult males and an adult female, same locality and collecting data as holotype; CBF 6052, adult female, same locality and collecting data as holotype; Paratypes. CBF 6053���6054, adult male and adult female from San Antonio del Matti, 11 �� 30 ���S, 68 �� 53 ���W, ca. 270 m a.s.l., Provincia Manuripi, Departamento Pando, Bolivia, collected on 27 November 2007 by J. Moravec, M. Guerrero-Reinhard and G. Calder��n; NMP 6 V 73820, adult female, same locality and collecting data as CBF 6053���6054. Diagnosis. A medium-sized species of Osteocephalus as revealed from mtDNA analyses, which can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) medium size, SVL 47.8���51.3 mm in males, 47.7���63.3 mm in females; (2) snout rounded in dorsal view, rounded and slightly inclined posteroventrally in lateral view; (3) canthus rostralis distinct, angular, distinctly curved medially; loreal region concave; (4) low frontoparietal ridges well-marked in large individuals; (5) tympanum large, round to oval, about 62.5���76.5 % of eye diameter, tympanic annulus distinct; supratympanic fold markedly developed; (6) vocal slits absent, vocal sac indistinct; (7) vomerine odontophores large, prominent, angular, narrowly separated or in contact medially, between oblique choanae, bearing 6���14 vomerine teeth each; (8) skin on dorsal surfaces with numerous minute tubercles; (9) low tarsal and ulnar tubercles present, slightly larger than dorsal tubercles; (10) axillary membrane absent; (11) basal webbing on hand [webbing formula II (2 ��� ��� 2 +)���(3 ��� ��� 3 +) III (3 ��� ��� 3)��� (2 2 / 3 ��� 3 ���) IV]; toes about three fourths webbed [webbing formula I (1 ��� 1 1 / 4)���(1 2 / 3 ��� 2 ���) II (1 ��� 1 +)���(2 ��� ��� 2) III (1 ��� 1 +)���(1 2 / 3 ��� 2) IV (1 2 / 3 ��� 2 ���)���(1 ��� ��� 1) V]; (12) single round distal subarticular tubercle under the fourth finger; (13) dark keratinous excrescences restricted to prepollex; (14) in life, dorsum tan, pale brown to purple brown, with scarce narrow irregular dark brown markings; a narrow pale supralabial line expanding in a subocular spot; flanks pale, without markings; hidden surfaces of thighs light brown; throat and belly creamy white; a narrow dark line along the mandible; ventral surfaces of thighs fleshy pink; iris bicoloured with a dark horizontal stripe, golden above, bronze below, both parts with fine dark reticulate to radiate lines; tibiae green or white; (15) in life, newly metamorphosed juveniles light brown dorsally, with a dark interorbital spot, bright orange iris, and creamy white upper arms, knees and heels. Comparisons. Morphologically, O. castaneicola can be distinguished from all other Amazonian species of Osteocephalus by absence of vocal slits and by the following combinations of characters: from O. alboguttatus by more extensive webbing and by colouration (O. alboguttatus: toes two thirds webbed, light brown dorsum with small blackish dots, flanks and upper surface of thighs with small round white spots, beneath whitish with dark reticulation) (Boulenger 1882, Duellman 1978); from O. buckleyi by absence of large tarsal tubercles, absence of patagium and by eye colouration (O. buckleyi: large tubercles along the tarsus, well developed patagium, light iris without conspicuous dark pattern) (Boulenger 1882, Cochran & Goin 1970; examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. cabrerai by absence of large dorsal, ulnar and tarsal tubercles, absence of patagium and by colouration (O. cabrerai: large wart-like tubercles on head and dorsum, large tubercles along the ulna and tarsus, small patagium, irregularly mottled dorsal pattern, light iris with very fine vermiculation) (Cochran & Goin 1970; examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. carri (Cochran & Goin) by colouration (O. carri: dense large irregular dark spots on the dorsum, black spots on flanks, fuscous throat and chest) (Cochran & Goin 1970); from O. deridens by larger size and by colouration (O. deridens: SVL up to 34.9 mm in males and 50.6 mm in females, dorsum light or dark tan with or without irregular darker or lighter markings, golden yellow iris with a dark horizontal stripe and regular dark radiation (Jungfer et al. 2000; examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. elkejungingerae (Henle) by skin texture and by colouration (O. elkejungingerae: conspicuous tubercles with keratinized tips in breeding males, dorsum with broad light dorsolateral stripes in juvenile and subadult specimens (Henle et al. 1983; Jungfer et al. 2000; examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. fuscifacies by larger size and by colouration (O. fuscifacies: SVL up to 45.6 mm in males and 53.2 in females, dorsum light or dark tan with or without irregular darker or lighter markings, light subocular spot absent, venter dark with creamy white granules or creamy white, golden iris with a dark horizontal stripe and regular dark radiation (Jungfer et al. 2000; examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. heyeri Lynch by larger size and by colouration (O. heyeri: SVL up to 36.1 mm in males and 47.7 mm in females, dorsum brown with darker markings and pale spots, flanks with pale spots, hidden surfaces of limbs dark brown with pale spots, iris dark) (Lynch 2002); from O. leoninae Jungfer & Lehr by larger size and by colouration (O. leoninae: SVL up to 42.0 mm in males and 53.2 mm in females, upper part of iris yellow without dark markings, unpigmented nuptial pads, bold dorsal pattern) (Jungfer & Lehr 2001, Ch��vez et al. 2008); from O. leprieurii by nuptial excrescences restricted to prepollex, skin texture and by colouration (O. leprieurii: prepollical and subdigital nuptial excrescences, numerous conspicuous tubercles with keratinized tips in breeding males, golden iris with dark vermiculation, white supralabial stripe in juveniles) (Jungfer & H��dl 2002); from O. mutabor by skin texture and by colouration (O. mutabor: numerous conspicuous tubercles with keratinized tips in breeding males, bold dark transverse markings, golden yellow iris with dark vermiculation, white dorsolateral stripes in juveniles) (Jungfer & H��dl 2002; examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. oophagus by head shape and by colouration (O. oophagus: truncate snout in dorsal view, white mottling or reticulation on posterior half of the flanks, golden iris with regular black radiation, orange spots on elbow, knee and heel in juveniles) (Jungfer & Schiesari 1995; examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. pearsoni by skin texture and by colouration (O. pearsoni: small nonspinous tubercles in males, black reticulation on the venter, dark iris) (Trueb & Duellman 1971, Jungfer & Schiesari 1995, Jungfer & Lehr 2001); from O. planiceps by smaller size, skin texture, keratinous excrescences restricted on prepollex and by colouration (O. planiceps: SVL up to 65.9 mm in males and 88.2 mm in females, numerous conspicuous tubercles with keratinized tips in breeding males, keratinous excrescences extending laterally to disc of thumb, dark spots on flanks, iris with regular black radiation) (Cope 1874, Duellman & Mendelson 1995, Jungfer & Lehr 2001, examined specimens listed in the Appendix); from O. subtilis Martins & Cardoso by larger size and by colouration (O. subtilis: SVL up to 38.8 mm in males, dark iris) (Martins & Cardoso 1987); from O. taurinus by smaller size, less webbing on the hands and by colouration (O. taurinus: SVL up to 81.0 mm in males and 94.1 in females, fingers one-half webbed, dark spots on flanks, small brown flecks on the throat, chest and sides of the belly, greenish gold iris with regular black radiation) (Duellman 2005; examined specimens listed in the Aappendix); from O. verruciger by skin texture and by colouration (O. verruciger: numerous conspicuous tubercles with keratinized tips in breeding males, uniform reddish brown iris) (Trueb & Duellman 1971, Jungfer et al. 2000, Jungfer & H��dl 2002); from O. yasuni by skin texture and by colouration (O. yasuni: numerous conspicuous tubercles with keratinized tips in breeding males, yellow venter in adults, iris with irregular dark reticulation, intense yellow-orange venter and webbing in juveniles) (Ron & Pramuk 1999, Jungfer et al. 2000, Jungfer & H��dl 2002, Cisneros-Heredia 2007). There are seven available names in the synonymy of four Osteocephalus species: Hyla festae Perraca, 1904 (type locality: Ecuador: ���Valle de Santiago��� (= lower R��o Zamora) Province of Morona-Santiago) in the synonymy of O. buckleyi; Hyla leprieurii britti Melin, 1941 (type locality: Brazil: ���R��o Uaup��s (north of the R��o Jap�����, Amazonas) and Osteocephalus ayarzaguenai Gorzula & Se��aris, 1997 (type locality: Venezuela: ���Campamento Airo, Valle del R��o Karuay���, Estado Bol��var) in the synonymy of O. leprieurii; Osteocephalus flavolineatus Steindachner, 1862 (type locality: Brazil: ���Cocuy��� (= Cucu��), Amazonas) and Hyla depressa Andersson, 1945 (type locality: Ecuador: ���R��o Pastaza, Watershed���) in the synonymy of O. taurinus; and Hyla riopastazae Andersson, 1945 (type locality: Ecuador: ���Ba��os, R��o Pastaza, Provincia Tungurahua���) and Hyla orcesi Funkhouser, 1956 (type locality: Ecuador: ���[R��o] Pacayacu, a stream that flows into the Cotapino, drainage of the Suno, R��o Napo region���) in the synonymy of O. verruciger. The new species differs from all of them by the following combination of characters: from Hyla festae by smaller size and by colouration (female holotype of H. festae: SVL 75.0 mm, large median longitudinal dark brown blotch on the dorsum, dark brown spots on flanks, throat and belly) (Trueb & Duellman 1971); from Hyla leprieurii britti by nuptial excrescences restricted to prepollex and by skin texture (male holotype of H. l. britti: prepollical and subdigital nuptial excrescences and tuberculate dorsum) (Trueb & Duellman 1971, Jungfer & H��dl 2002), from Osteocephalus ayarzaguenai by colouration (O. ayarzaguenai: golden iris with dark vermiculation) (Jungfer & H��dl 2002; examined specimen listed in the Appendix); from Osteocephalus flavolineatus by smaller size and colouration (female holotype of O. flavolineatus: SVL 81.8 mm, light middorsal stripe, spots on the flanks) (Cochran & Goin 1970, Trueb & Duellman 1971); from Hyla depressa by smaller size, skin texture, and by colouration (male holotype of H. depressa: SVL 68.9 mm, tuberculate dorsum, light middorsal stripe) (Cochran & Goin 1970, Trueb & Duellman 1971); from Hyla riopastazae by colouration (H. riopastazae: brown spots and mottling on throat, chest and belly) (Trueb & Duellman 1971); and from Hyla orcesi by skin texture and by colouration (H. orcesi: tuberculate dorsum, ventral surfaces dirty brown) (Cochran & Goin 1970, Trueb & Duellman 1971). Description of the holotype. Adult male 51.3 mm SVL. Head narrower than body, slightly longer than wide; snout rounded in dorsal view, moderately protruding in lateral view; distance from nostril to eye shorter than diameter of eye; canthus rostralis distinct, angular, curved medially; loreal region concave; internarial area slightly depressed; nostrils moderately protuberant, directed laterally; interorbital area flat, IOD 112.2 % of ELW; lateral margins of the frontoparietals barely visible through skin; eye large, strongly protuberant, its diameter about five times depth of lip below eye; tympanic membrane clearly evident, large, slightly wider than high, about two third of eye length, separated from eye by ca. 50 % of its diameter; tympanic annulus distinct; supratympanic fold conspicuous, covering upper edge of tympanum, continuing above insertion of arm. Arm slender, axillary membrane absent; small low tubercles scattered along ventrolateral edge of forearm; relative length of fingers IVariation. Variation of measurements of the type series is given in Table 3. Osteocephalus castaneicola exhibits sexual dimorphism in body size, but sexual dimorphism of dorsal skin texture is absent. Both breeding males and females bear similar minute flat to round tubercles on dorsal surfaces of head, body and limbs. The most conspicuous dorsal tubercles are present in female paratopotype CBF 6052 (Fig. 2 C), having SVL 47.7 mm and containing numerous small immature eggs. The new species shows considerable variation in number of vomerine teeth (6���14 on each odontophore). Vomerine odontophores are separated in holotype, paratopotype NMP 6 V 72810 / 1 and paratypes CBF 6054 and NMP 6 V 73820, but in contact in the remaining types. Some variation seems to be evident in distinctiveness of lateral margins of the frontoparietals. They are not visible through skin in smaller individuals (SVL up to 47 mm; paratopotype CBF 6052 and paratype CBF 6053) and best pronounced in largest individuals (SVL above 59 mm; female paratopotype NMP 6 V 73810 / 3 and female paratypes CBF 6054 and NMP 6 V 73820). Some differences can be found in shape of distal subarticular tubercle of the fourth finger. It is single in holotype and four other type specimens, but it shows a slight tendency to bifidity in the paratopotype NMP 6 V 73810 / 3 and paratypes CBF 6053 and NMP 6 V 73820. The finger and toe webbing formulae vary as follows: II (2 ��� ��� 2 +)���(3 ��� ��� 3 +) III (3 ��� ��� 3)���(2 2 / 3 ��� 3 ���) IV and I (1 ��� 1 1 / 4) ���(1 2 / 3 ��� 2 ���) II (1 ��� 1 +)���(2 ��� ��� 2) III (1 ��� 1 +)���(1 2 / 3 ��� 2) IV (1 2 / 3 ��� 2 ���)���(1 ��� ��� 1) V. General dorsal colouration in alcohol varies from light tan to dark tan with purple-red tint or to reddishbrown. Dorsal pattern varies mostly regarding distinctness and shape of the irregular darker markings. A more or less distinct interorbital streak narrower than the diameter of the eye is present in all individuals. Dorsal markings are fused in a large, irregular, indistinct dorsal spot in the male paratype CBF 6053, whereas dorsal pattern of paratopotypes CBF 6052, NMP 6 V 73810 /1, 73810/ 3 and paratype 73820 is almost missing. Ventral colouration in alcohol varies from cream white to yellowish-white. A fine dark brown mottling is present on the throat and pectoral area of the female paratype NMP 6 V 73820. Colour of tibiae seems to vary independently of age or size of individual specimens. The bones are green in the holotype and paratopotypes NMP 6 V 73810 / 1 ��� 3 (SVL 48.4���59.1 mm) and white in paratopotype CBF 6052 and paratypes CBF 6053, 6054 and NMP 6 V 73820 (SVL 47.7���63.3 mm). In life, dorsal colouration varies from tan to brown. A slight purple-red tint observed in most specimens by day turns into ochre by night (Fig. 2 D). Newly metamorphosed juveniles are light brown dorsally with a dark interorbital spot, bright orange iris, and creamy white upper arms, knees and heels (Fig. 2 E). Distribution, ecology and threat status. The known localities of Osteocephalus castaneicola lie in western and central part of the Departamento Pando, northern Bolivia (Fig. 4). This area is located in the south-western Amazon basin within the zone of tall evergreen lowl, Published as part of Moravec, Ji �� ��, Aparicio, James, Guerrero-Reinhard, Marcelo, Calder��n, Gonzalo, Jungfer, Karl-Heinz & Gvo��d��k, V��clav, 2009, A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Amazonian Bolivia: first evidence of tree frog breeding in fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree, pp. 37-54 in Zootaxa 2215 on pages 43-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189932, {"references":["Boulenger, G. A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. 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