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This work studies gold nanoparticle (AuNP) nucleation and growth mechanism from deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based choline chloride and glycerol (glyceline) onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its application for DNA biosensor. Investigation of the current density transients indicated that the AuNPs were formed by the simultaneous presence of Au diffusion-controlled 3D nucleation and growth and residual water reaction over the Au nuclei growing surfaces. The AuNP structure was characterized by the field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. AuNPs were used to fabricate electrochemical DNA sensor. The hybridization was monitored by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement using potassium ferri/ferrocyanide redox probes F e (C N) 6 3 - / 4 - as the indicator probe. Results show that the biosensor exhibited a linear correlation to the logarithm of the target DNA concentration ranged from 1.10−14 M to 1.10−9 M, and the limit of detection was 1.10−14 M. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the prepared electrode exhibited excellent reproducibility and long-term stability when applied for determining M. tuberculosis samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have high viscosities, but known to be mitigated by addition of suitable co-solvent. The effect of such co-solvent on the extraction efficiency of the hybrid solvent is hardly known. This study examined the effect of ethanol on three choline chloride-based DESs (glyceline, reline, and ethaline) by mixing each in turn with ethanol in various volume proportions. The hybrid solvents were evaluated for the extraction of benzene from n-hexane. Pseudo-ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium data were obtained using the refractive index method at 303 K and 1 atm for the systems, n-hexane (1) + benzene (2) + hybrid solvent (glyceline/ethanol, ethaline/ethanol, reline/ethanol) (3), and used to evaluate distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity (S). Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the hybrid solvents were also determined. The results indicate increase in selectivity with increasing ethanol addition up to 50% and decrease with further addition. All hybrid solvents with 50% ethanol outperform sulfolane and are suitable replacement for same as green and sustainable extractant for aromatics from aliphatics. The glyceline + 50% ethanol emerged the overall best with 49.73% elevation in selectivity and 41.15% reduction in viscosity relative to the neat glyceline. The finding of this study is expected to fillip the drive for paradigm shift in petrochemical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A suitable green solvent for extraction of aromatics from aliphatics must possess good solvation and physicochemical properties, a rare occurrence in a single deep eutectic solvent (DES). Mixture of DESs could enable synergy and provide a good candidate extractant. In this study, DESs of glyceline, ethaline, and reline were synthesized and their binary mixtures (glyceline/ethaline, reline/ethaline, and glyceline/reline) produced by blending in various volume proportions. Twelve of such mixed solvents were prepared and their extraction efficiency for separating benzene from n-hexane investigated in a batch equilibrium process. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the pseudo-ternary systems of n-hexane + benzene + mixed DESs were measured at 303 K and 101.3 kPa. The distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity (S) of each pseudo-ternary system were determined to elicit extraction efficiency. The physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs were also measured. The results show that generally the distribution coefficients, selectivities, and physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs lie between the corresponding values for the constituent DES. The best performance was given by the mixed solvent of glyceline and ethaline in the 80:20 volume ratio, respectively, with D = 0.75 and S = 422.485. This assertion was further corroborated by higher percent recovery of benzene obtained from the said mixed DES (57.88%) relative to other mixed DESs (≤ 49.11%) examined in this study. Furthermore, its separation efficiency is superior to sulfolane but lower than glyceline, though there was a 9.4% reduction in its viscosity relative to glyceline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Choline chloride-based DESs offer eco-friendly electropolishing. • DESs yield smoother surfaces with controlled material removal. • Lower electropolishing E, i, t in DESs reduce energy consumption. • Informative table guides materials-specific electropolishing conditions. This comprehensive review demonstrates the great potential of green electropolishing with choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), offering a detailed overview of recent advancements in the treatment of various materials. This review showcases the latest achievements in electropolishing metals, alloys, and composites using selected DESs, highlighting the distinct benefits of DESs in comparison to traditional aqueous electrolytes. The review is organized into subsections covering the major aspects of the topic, including the electropolishing of noble and transition metals, anodic treatment of biomedical metals and alloys, and the electropolishing of copper, copper alloys, composites, and aluminium using choline chloride-based DESs. The presented data can serve as a practical handbook for both researchers and industry practitioners. In addition, this work can serve as inspiration for new research directions, fostering the application of DESs to electropolishing of a wide range of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A thermophysical characterization at p = 0.1 MPa and at several temperatures of glyceline and glyceline-water is presented. • A ternary NADES has been synthesized and characterized by NRM techniques. • Some derivates properties of the two NADES have been calculated. • Results have been analyzed in terms of effect of temperature and inclusion of water. • The inclusion of water increases the molar volume and the fluidity of the ternary NADES. Abstract In this paper, two Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents, glyceline (Gly) and glyceline-water (GlyW), containing choline chloride as acceptor H-bond compound and glycerol as donor H-bond group are studied. For glyceline the mole relation is 1 (choline chloride): 2 (glycerol) and for glyceline-water the mole relation is 1 (choline chloride): 1.99 (glycerol): 1.02 water. The ternary NADES has been synthetized and characterized chemically by NMR techniques for this work. Several thermophysical properties in a wide range of temperature (278.15–338.15) K and at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) have been measured for both compounds: density, ρ , speed of sound, u , refractive index, n D , surface tension, σ , isobaric molar heat capacity, C p , m , kinematic viscosity, ν , and electric conductivity, κ. Furthermore, some related properties have been also calculated: isobaric expansibility, α p , isentropic compressibility, κ S , molar refraction, R m , entropy and enthalpy of surface formationper unit surface area (Δ S s and Δ H s), and dynamic viscosity, η , and viscous flow and electrical conductivity activation energies. The results have been discussed in terms of the effect of temperature and the inclusion of water. We conclude that the compound containing water into the structure has a higher molar volume and a higher fluidity. The binary NADES (Gly) is a more structured liquid than ternary one (GlyW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as innovative materials and regarded as cost effective IL replacements. Mixing of DESs with other solvents modifies their properties for specific applications. One of the popular DESs is made of choline chloride and glycerol named as glyceline. Densities of glyceline mixed with water, methanol, ethanol, or iso-propanol were measured in the temperature range of 283.15 to 343.15 or 323.15 K over the entire range of composition at ambient pressure. The temperature dependency was correlated by a quadratic equation for the respective systems. The excess molar volumes were evaluated and correlated by a Redlich-Kister type equation with temperature-dependent parameters. Furthermore, other derived volumetric properties such as the volume expansivity and the apparent molar volume were calculated using the measured data. The H-bond formation is more likely to occur in alcohol solutions than in aqueous solution as inferred by the comparison of the maximum deviations from ideal mixing and the limiting apparent molar volume of glyeline in the solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents are cheap and biodegradable alternatives to conventional ionic liquids and volatile organic solvents. In this work, we present new measurements on the densities of the deep eutectic solvent choline chloride:glycerol (GLY) and its aqueous mixtures in the temperature range (298.15–323.15)K and pressures up to 50MPa. The density was measured using a vibrating-tube density meter and the experimental uncertainty was estimated to be ±0.1%. Density data were used to derive other properties such as isothermal compressibility, isobaric expansivity, and excess molar volume. The excess molar volumes of the mixtures of GLY (1)+H2O (2) were investigated and an empirical equation was used to represent their dependence on temperature, pressure, and composition. The density data at elevated pressures were correlated with the temperature, pressure, and composition by a Tait-type equation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]