1. Lysosomal cholesterol activates mTORC1 via an SLC38A9-Niemann-Pick C1 signaling complex.
- Author
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Castellano BM, Thelen AM, Moldavski O, Feltes M, van der Welle RE, Mydock-McGrane L, Jiang X, van Eijkeren RJ, Davis OB, Louie SM, Perera RM, Covey DF, Nomura DK, Ory DS, and Zoncu R
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Motifs, Amino Acid Transport Systems genetics, Animals, Biological Transport, CHO Cells, Cholesterol, HDL metabolism, Cricetulus, Enzyme Activation, Fibroblasts, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Mice, Multiprotein Complexes antagonists & inhibitors, Mutation, Signal Transduction, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Amino Acid Transport Systems metabolism, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Cholesterol metabolism, Lysosomes metabolism, Multiprotein Complexes metabolism, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism
- Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) protein kinase is a master growth regulator that becomes activated at the lysosome in response to nutrient cues. Here, we identify cholesterol, an essential building block for cellular growth, as a nutrient input that drives mTORC1 recruitment and activation at the lysosomal surface. The lysosomal transmembrane protein, SLC38A9, is required for mTORC1 activation by cholesterol through conserved cholesterol-responsive motifs. Moreover, SLC38A9 enables mTORC1 activation by cholesterol independently from its arginine-sensing function. Conversely, the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein, which regulates cholesterol export from the lysosome, binds to SLC38A9 and inhibits mTORC1 signaling through its sterol transport function. Thus, lysosomal cholesterol drives mTORC1 activation and growth signaling through the SLC38A9-NPC1 complex., (Copyright © 2017, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
- Published
- 2017
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