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Background: The impact of patient-related risk factors on the incidence of postoperative infection after cholecystectomy is relatively unknown., Aim: The aim of this study was to explore potential patient-related risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) and septicaemia following cholecystectomy., Materials and Methods: All cholecystectomies registered in the Swedish national population-based register for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks) 2006-2014 were identified. The study cohort was cross-matched with the Swedish National Patient Register in order to obtain data on patient history and postoperative infections. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed in order to assess the impact of various comorbidities on the risk for SSI and septicaemia., Results: A total of 94,557 procedures were registered. A SSI was seen following 5300 procedures (5.6%), and septicaemia following 661 procedures (0.7%). There was a significantly increased risk for SSI in patients with connective tissue disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.404, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.208-1.633), complicated diabetes (OR 1.435, CI 1.205-1.708), uncomplicated diabetes (OR 1.391, CI 1.264-1.530), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.788, CI 1.458-2.192), cirrhosis (OR 1.764, CI 1.268-2.454) and obesity (OR 1.630, CI 1.475-1.802). There was a significantly higher risk for septicaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (OR 3.065, CI 2.120-4.430) or cirrhosis (OR 5.016, CI 3.019-8.336)., Conclusion and Discussion: Certain comorbidities have an impact on the risk for postoperative infection after cholecystectomy, especially SSI. This should be taken into account when planning the procedure and when deciding on prophylactic antibiotic treatment.

Purpose: Evidence supporting the value of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in surgery for acute cholecystitis is lacking. This study aimed to shed light on whether PAP in acute cholecystectomy for cholecystitis reduces the postoperative infectious complication (PIC) rate. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of bacteriobilia, CRP values and leucocyte counts. Methods: The study was performed as a single-centre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised study. Patients with acute cholecystitis amenable for acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either PAP (piperacillin/ tazobactam) or placebo, and the subsequent clinical course was followed. Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled, 16 of whom were excluded due to protocol violation. PIC developed in 22 of the 90 patients included with no significant difference between the PAP and placebo groups (8 patients in the PAP group and 14 in the placebo arm, p = 0.193). The PIC rate was significantly higher in patients with a raised CRP at randomisation and on the day of surgery and in cases of conversion to an open procedure (p = 0.008, 0.004 and 0.017, respectively) but with no differences between the study groups. Conclusion: PAP does not affect the risk for PIC in patients with acute cholecystitis. The major risk factors determining PIC in these patients need defining, in particular, the impact of bacteriobilia. Trial registration: The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02619149) December 2, 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The aim of this population-based study was to describe characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing cholecystectomy and evaluate the risk for perioperative and postoperative complications during the 30-day postoperative period. Method. All laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy procedures registered between 2006 and 2011 in the Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks) were included. Patients with liver cirrhosis were identified by linking data to the Swedish National Patient Registry (NPR). Results. Of 62,488 patients undergoing cholecystectomy, 77 (0.12%) had cirrhosis, of which 29 patients (37.7%) had decompensated cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis were older and had more often gallstone complications at the time for surgery. Postoperative complications were registered in 13 (16.9%) patients with liver cirrhosis and in 5,738 (9.2%) patients in the noncirrhotic group (P<0.05). Univariable analysis showed that patients with liver cirrhosis are more likely to receive postoperative blood transfusion (OR = 4.4, CI 1.08–18.0, P<0.05) and antibiotic treatment >1 day (OR = 2.3, CI 1.11–4.84, P<0.05) than noncirrhotic patients. Conclusion. Patients with cirrhosis undergoing cholecystectomy have a higher incidence of postoperative complications than patients without cirrhosis. However, cholecystectomy is safe and if presented with adequate indication, surgery should not be delayed due to fears of surgical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Delayed cholecystectomy is associated with increased risk of biliary events. The objectives of the study were to confirm the superiority of index cholecystectomy over delayed operation in mild gallstone pancreatitis. Methods Patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis were randomized into index–or delayed cholecystectomy (IC vs. DC). IC was performed within 48 h from randomization provided a stable or improved clinical condition. The primary outcome was gallstone-related events. Secondary outcomes were rates of cholecystectomy complications, common bile duct stones (CBDS) detected at cholecystectomy and patient reported quality-of-life and pain. Results Sixty-six patients were randomized into IC (n = 32) or DC (n = 34) between May 2009 and July 2017. There were significantly higher rates of gallstone-related events in the DC compared with the IC group (nine patients vs. one patient, p = 0.013). No statistically significant differences could be demonstrated in cholecystectomy complications (p = 0.605) and CBDS discovered during cholecystectomy (p = 0.302) between the groups. Pain and emotional well-being measured by SF-36 were improved significantly in the IC group at follow-up. Conclusions Delayed cholecystectomy in mild gallstone pancreatitis can no longer be recommended since it is associated with an increased risk for recurrent gallstone-related events and impaired patient's reported outcomes. Trial registration number: clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT02630433). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]