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In this study, we developed Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN-NPs) loaded with Artemisia vulgaris essential oil and coated with folic acid-chitosan (AVEO-SCF-NPs) to enhance drug delivery in biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors. AVEO-SCF-NPs were synthesized using homogenization and ultra-sonication methods and comprehensively characterized. These nanoparticles exhibited a particle size of 253.67 nm, Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.26, zeta potential (ζ-p) of +39.96 mV, encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of 99.0 %, and folic acid binding efficiency (% FB) of 46.25 %. They effectively inhibited MCF-7, HT-29, and PC-3 cancer cells with IC 50 values of 48.87 μg/mL, 88.48 μg/mL, and 121.34 μg/mL, respectively, and demonstrated antibacterial properties against Gram-positive strains. AVEO-SCF-NPs also exhibited scavenging effects on ABTS (IC 50 : 203.83 μg/mL) and DPPH (IC50: 680.86 μg/mL) free radicals and inhibited angiogenesis, as confirmed through CAM and qPCR assays. Furthermore, these nanoparticles induced apoptosis, evidenced by up-regulation of caspase 3 and 9, down-regulation of TNF-α genes, and an increase in SubG1 phase cells. The high loading capacity of SCF-NPs for AVEO, coupled with their multifaceted biological properties, highlights AVEO-SCF-NPs as promising candidates for cancer therapy in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

The present research aims to encapsulate lawsone in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) and chitosan (CS) to study its anticancer effects against Panc-1 cells. The nanoparticles were analysed in means of shape/size and zeta potential index using scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering. High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to evaluate the lawsone entrapment efficacy. The authors performed acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry to monitor apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes (BAX and BCL-2) were assessed by real time PCR. Nanoparticle antioxidative and antibacterial activities were examined by DPPH/ABTS scavenging assay, disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration evaluation. The NPs were 229.65 nm, the encapsulation efficiency was 81%. The concentration of lawsone that exerts 50% cell growth inhibition (IC 50 ) against Panc-1 cells was calculated 118.4 μL. Apoptosis induction was evidenced by the increased number of orange cells and increased proportion of cells in G1-Sub phase respectively. Moreover, lawsone-loaded nanoparticle upregulated BAX gene expression, while downregulated BCL2expression, suggesting the activation of apoptotic pathway. The observed cytotoxic/apoptotic properties suggest that Lawson-loaded PLGA-FA-CS-NPs hold a great potential in pancreatic cancer treatment., (© 2023 The Authors. IET Nanobiotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The objective of this study was to fabrication of α-terpineol-PLGA nanoparticles coated with folic acid-chitosan (αT-PCF-NPs) as well as evaluates their anticancer effects. αT-PCF-NPs were synthesized using the nanoprecipitation method and characterized by Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Folic acid (FA) binding rate and entrapment efficiency of α-T were assessed by HPLC method. MTT assay was performed for cytotoxicity assessment. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, acridine orange and propodium iodide (AO/PI) staining and cell cycle analysis were done to assess the pro-apoptotic properties of αT-PCF-NPs. Molecular analysis for angiogenesis and antioxidant properties and murine colon cancer model for antitumor effects of αT-PCF-NPs were used. The % FA-binding and encapsulation efficiency of α-T in αT-PCF-NPs (particle size of 263.95 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.25, and surface charge of +38.20 mV) was reported to be 67% and 88.1% respectively. The higher inhibitory effect of αT-PCF-NPs on cancer cells compared to HFF cells was confirmed. The pro-apoptotic effect of αT-PCF-NPs was showed by increased SubG1 phase cells, AO/PI staining results and up and down regulation Bax and Bcl-2 as pro and anti-apoptotic genes in HT-29 cells. Antioxidant (SOD) and angiogenesis genes (VEGF and VEGF-R) were inhibited by αT-PCF-NPs exposure in HT-29 cells and also decreased the size of murine tumors was confirmed in exposure of αT-PCF-NPs. αT-PCF-NPs can be considered as a promising anticancer drug for colon cancer.

The aim of the present study was to synthesize the chitosan-encapsulated daidzein (CED) and to evaluate its releasing behaviour in the different simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Moreover, the cytotoxic potential and antiangiogenic effects of CED were determined against human colon cancer cells and chorioallantoic blood vessels, respectively. The synthesized daidzein-loaded microcapsules possessed micrometre size, with good stability in colloidal dispersion with 64.3% entrapment efficiency. The release behaviour assay indicated the gradual release of daidzein in the simulated stomach and intestinal fluid (~ 38%; pH 1.2–4.5), while the substantial release was occurred in the simulated colonic fluid (79%; pH 6.8–7). The daidzein-loaded microcapsules inhibited the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) with no prominent reduction in the viability of human dermal fibroblast (HDF). The expression analysis of caspase-3 gene together with flow cytometry results confirmed the apoptotic cells death in the HT-29 cells induced by daidzein-loaded microcapsules. Further, the daidzein-loaded microcapsules indicated the angiogenesis inhibitory activity. Consequently, these results revealed that microencapsulation of daidzein by chitosan could be a feasible approach for the delivery of daidzein, a soy-derived isoflavone for the colon cancer prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to fabrication of α-terpineol-PLGA nanoparticles coated with folic acid-chitosan (αT-PCF-NPs) as well as evaluates their anticancer effects. αT-PCF-NPs were synthesized using the nanoprecipitation method and characterized by Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Folic acid (FA) binding rate and entrapment efficiency of α-T were assessed by HPLC method. MTT assay was performed for cytotoxicity assessment. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, acridine orange and propodium iodide (AO/PI) staining and cell cycle analysis were done to assess the pro-apoptotic properties of αT-PCF-NPs. Molecular analysis for angiogenesis and antioxidant properties and murine colon cancer model for antitumor effects of αT-PCF-NPs were used. The % FA-binding and encapsulation efficiency of α-T in αT-PCF-NPs (particle size of 263.95 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.25, and surface charge of +38.20 mV) was reported to be 67% and 88.1% respectively. The higher inhibitory effect of αT-PCF-NPs on cancer cells compared to HFF cells was confirmed. The pro-apoptotic effect of αT-PCF-NPs was showed by increased SubG1 phase cells, AO/PI staining results and up and down regulation Bax and Bcl-2 as pro and anti-apoptotic genes in HT-29 cells. Antioxidant (SOD) and angiogenesis genes (VEGF and VEGF-R) were inhibited by αT-PCF-NPs exposure in HT-29 cells and also decreased the size of murine tumors was confirmed in exposure of αT-PCF-NPs. αT-PCF-NPs can be considered as a promising anticancer drug for colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The study was carried out to synthesise and characterise the chitosan-encapsulated genistein (CHI-En/Gen) and determine its anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic properties. Methods: The cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activity of CHI-En/Gen was performed using MTT and chorioallantoic membrane assay. The molecular action was determined using flow cytometry and gene expression. Results: The synthesised CHI-En/Gen was in submicron size, spherical in shape and with entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency of 76.8% (w/w) and 32.6% (w/w), respectively. The CHI-En/Gen notably inhibited the growth and proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) while did not affect the viability of human dermal fibroblast as normal cell. The flow cytometry and the caspase-3 gene expression analyses revealed the apoptotic cells death in the HT-29 cells. Moreover, the encapsulated genistein showed anti-angiogenic activity. Conclusion: The CHI-En/Gen appeared as a promising carrier for the colon delivery of genistein to be used in complementary health approaches for the cancer prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]