1. Anti-atherosclerotic effects and molecular targets of ginkgolide B from Ginkgo biloba.
- Author
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Ye, Weile, Wang, Jiaojiao, Little, Peter J., Zou, Jiami, Zheng, Zhihua, Lu, Jing, Yin, Yanjun, Liu, Hao, Zhang, Dongmei, Liu, Peiqing, Xu, Suowen, Ye, Wencai, and Liu, Zhiping
- Subjects
GINKGO ,DRUG target ,NICOTINAMIDE adenine dinucleotide phosphate ,ENDOTHELIUM diseases ,CEREBROVASCULAR disease ,NADPH oxidase ,CHINESE medicine - Abstract
Bioactive compounds derived from herbal medicinal plants modulate various therapeutic targets and signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's primary cause of death. Ginkgo biloba , a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with notable cardiovascular actions, has been used as a cardio- and cerebrovascular therapeutic drug and nutraceutical in Asian countries for centuries. Preclinical studies have shown that ginkgolide B, a bioactive component in Ginkgo biloba , can ameliorate atherosclerosis in cultured vascular cells and disease models. Of clinical relevance, several clinical trials are ongoing or being completed to examine the efficacy and safety of ginkgolide B-related drug preparations in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemia stroke. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and mechanisms of action of ginkgolide B in atherosclerosis prevention and therapy. We highlight new molecular targets of ginkgolide B, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidase), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), platelet-activating factor (PAF), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and others. Finally, we provide an overview and discussion of the therapeutic potential of ginkgolide B and highlight the future perspective of developing ginkgolide B as an effective therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis. Ginkgolide B possesses the antiatherosclerotic advantage of "multitarget and multipathway", which is closely linked to its regulating endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, leukocyte action, and risk factors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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