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This study attempts to explore the establishment of a low-carbon tourism community by public cognition, intention, and behaviour change analysis in a case study of a heritage site, China. Low carbon tourism advocates a way of travel with low energy consumption, low pollution and low CO2 emissions during personal activities. Behaviour change is not only influenced by internal individual aspects including a person’s awareness, attitudes, and capacity to change, but is also driven by external social aspects including the culture and environments in which a person lives. In this paper, questionnaire surveys and field interviews were used to obtain basic information, and with reference to TPB, studied and analyzed the characteristics of cognition, intention and behaviour change practice by low carbon tourism community economy participants. With the help of SPSS analysis software, we found that a person’s educational level or occupation might affect cognition of low carbon tourism, and motives for participating in low carbon tourism could reflect the public’s perception of its emotional value, cognitive value and functional value. Most respondents knew about low carbon tourism; however, when putting it into practice, habitual behaviour was the main barrier for tourists while the residents were passive and followed the needs and choices of the tourists. Therefore, a comprehensive low carbon tourism community system was proposed not only for addressing the aspects of awareness, intention, and practice from individual behavior, but also for covering policy, infrastructure, institution systems and mechanisms at the community level.

• We shed light on the nonlinear associations between landscape configurations, walking access to transit services and travel satisfaction. • New evidence regarding the decision to walk to transit stations is quantified. • Our approach provides a basis for estimating landscape configurations at fine spatial scales. • Planners should prioritise locating transit systems closer to residential areas. Walking, as a form of active travel, has played a significant role in facilitating sustainable transport and the development of the built environment. A growing number of studies have examined the relationships between the built environment and active travel trips around transit stations. However, travellers' propensity to walk to transit stops and their travel satisfaction with doing so, particularly for first-mile trips, and its relationship with the built environment, in developing countries, have so far received little attention in the literature. Thus, this paper examines the nonlinear influences of landscape configurations, walking access to transit services and the interactions between them on travel satisfaction. Gradient boosting decision tree models are used to control for trip attributes and factors related to the built environment both in residential areas and business/commercial districts where a lot of transit stations are located. We combine street view data and individual survey data for the Beijing metropolitan area to document that improving walking access to transit services has significant effects on travel satisfaction. The results show that landscape configurations tend to have nonlinear associations with walking access to transit services as well as having pronounced interaction effects on travel satisfaction. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of planning the spatial placement of stations to make them more convenient and improve people's travel satisfaction with first-mile journeys made on foot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rail transit investment has been viewed as a prominent policy instrument for local and regional development. However, little is known about to what extent the theorised changes in land and housing values arising from rail transit access can be substantiated by evidence in a large developing country context. This paper presents a quantitative review of empirical studies that analysed the impacts of rail transit access on land and housing values in China. We review empirical analyses in 67 studies from 1997 to 2018 for which we encode quantitative results along with a range of theoretically combinations of spatially contextual characteristics, data and methodological-design characteristics. The results show that there are significant variations in the size estimates of effects of rail transit access across studies. Such variations are associated with rail project types, data and methodological designs. Our study provides the insights on what has already been known and what needs to be known on evaluating real estate consequences of rail transit improvements in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The relationship between commuting behaviour and congestion satisfaction are significant. • Semi-parameter model results are robust. • Heterogeneous effects on perceived satisfaction about congestion across social-spatial gradients. Abstract Megacity growth in developing countries suffers from heavy congestion, which undermines satisfaction as experienced by local residents. Drawing on a large scale individual survey in Beijing, this paper explores the social-spatial differentiation of urbanites' satisfaction perceptions about congestion by comparing residents with various motorized commuting modes including car, shuttle bus, and public transit. The results show that shuttle bus commuters are significantly associated with better satisfaction perceptions about congestion than other commuting mode users. We find that perceived wellbeing implications vary with demographic characteristics and transport accessibility characteristics. Findings from this study suggest the importance of considering neighborhood built environment into the design of land use and transport policy aiming to enhance commuters' subjective experiences towards congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rapid urbanisation in developing countries is putting pressure on urban greenness supplies and living environment. Access to parks plays an important role for people's lived experiences about urban greenness. While existing studies have mostly focused on the capitalized value of access to parks on property values, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between access to parks and residential satisfaction towards the greenness domain in developing countries. This study fills this gap through the detailed investigation about individuals' perceptions about residential satisfaction towards the greenness domain using a large-scale resident survey in metropolitan Beijing. We focus on the ways in which this relationship is moderated by complementary effects between access to parks and contextual amenities in order to explore how residents' satisfaction perceptions are shaped by socio-spatial gradients. The results show that limited access to parks is associated with lower residential satisfaction towards the greenness domain. Importantly, the psychological implications of access to parks vary with household demographics, and contextual amenities such as schools, recreational amenities and crime rates. These findings reveal the importance of the socio-spatial contextualized dependent nature of perceived benefits of access to parks as is subjectively experienced by residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract While a central insight of existing literature is that homeownership contributes to subjective wellbeing, little attention has been paid to the influence of family composition on this relationship. Using a large scale cross-sectional survey in metropolitan Beijing, our results clarify the important roles of family composition such as the presence of children, marital status in moderating the effects of homeownership on subjective wellbeing. We find that the relationship between homeownership and subjective wellbeing is varied across commodity housing, affordable housing and other housing types. Findings of this study indicate that socio-spatial contextualized nature of subjective wellbeing is dependent upon not just family composition but also other individuals' socioeconomic characteristics and neighborhood built environment. Highlights • Family composition complicates the effects of homeownership on subjective wellbeing • Housing types play a role in moderating the interactive relationship • Socio-spatial nature of subjective wellbeing is dependent upon neighborhood built environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing countries like China have experienced substantial city transformations over the past decade. City transformations are characterized by transportation innovations that allow individuals to access to speedy commuting modes for work activities and offer potential influences on commuting behavior. This paper examines the potential effects of subway system expansion in Beijing on commuting behavior. Our methodological design controls for spatial effects by employing Bayesian multilevel binary logistic models with spatial random effects. Using cross-sectional individual surveys in Beijing, the results suggest that there is a significant rise in subway commuting trips while non-motorized and bus commuting trips are reduced with the new subway expansion. Model comparison results show evidence about the presence of spatial effects in influencing the role of built environment characteristics to play in the commuting behavior analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government-funded urban amenities provide significant values to land markets. This paper uses spatial econometric techniques to recover the puzzling heterogeneity in capitalized values of local amenities such as higher education facilities, transport and environmental amenities. On top of its policy implications, this paper differentiates between non-spatial models and spatial models to allow spatially varying marginal-price estimates and reflect the subtle ways that land markets capitalize local amenities. Our results provide heterogeneous estimates of capitalized amenity values that would affect land development, illustrating the linkage between government-funded amenities and the intensity of land development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Metro expansions exert spatial distribution effects on subway-side and road-side access. • Subway access improvements generate significant effects on transit use. • Residential self-selection plays a role in moderating the effects. This paper explores the impact of subway development on commuting behavior that arises from changes in network access induced by travel time reductions under geographical contexts of China's mega-city subway network expansion. The analysis is carried out on a cohort of residential areas in Beijing built from geographically-referenced data on individual surveys, administrative records and changes in subway network. We find that improved subway access increase subway use, mainly due to road-side distance reductions to subway stations rather than subway-side distance contractions. Automobile use is significantly reduced due to subway-side access changes along with the subway network expansion. The effects are robust to the consideration of travel attitudes, residential self-selection and other social and spatial gradients. Our results highlight an important implication that access is dynamic in nature and its decomposed subway-side and road-side access can be a key force for guiding metro-system development and station location placements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study examines three bio-socio-behavioural pathways linking residential greenery to the tripartite components of subjective well-being. • Residential greenery is significantly associated with life satisfaction but not affectivity. • Residential greenery enhances life satisfaction through facilitating neighbourhood social cohesion and mitigating air pollution. • Decreased air pollution enhances life satisfaction through encouraging physical activity and facilitating neighbourhood social cohesion. In recent years, there is a growing interest in the benefits of green spaces on individuals' subjective well-being in developed countries; however, few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms for these benefits and differentiated the cognitive from the emotional component of subjective well-being, especially in the rapidly urbanizing and ageing China. This study aims to disentangle bio-socio-behavioural pathways linking greenery surrounding residential spaces to subjective well-being among middle-aged and older adults in eight Chinese cities using data from the World Health Organisation's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE). We employ multilevel structural equation modelling to estimate the mediating roles of physical activity, air pollution, and neighbourhood social cohesion in the relationships between residential greenery and the tripartite components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect). Results indicate that residential greenery is positively associated with life satisfaction and is not significantly directly related to either positive or negative affect. Results further suggest that middle-aged and older adults living in greener neighbourhoods experience a higher level of life satisfaction due to the enhancement of neighbourhood social cohesion and the mitigation of air pollution, but not the encouragement of physical activity; however, alleviating air pollution enhances their life satisfaction through encouraging physical activity and facilitating social cohesion in serial mediation. Our findings provide a deeper insight into the salutogenic effect of urban green space for middle-aged and older adults and can aid the development of guidelines for enabling ageing in place through land-use planning and landscape architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve relevance and timeliness of forecasting and early warning for precipitation-type geological disasters in Zhuanghe City, by using case information of geological disasters and corresponding precipitation data in Zhuanghe City during 2009 -2011, the relationship between geological disasters and precipitation was analyzed. Results showed that precipitation-type geological disasters in Zhuanghe City had close relationships with precipitation intensity in prior period and rainfall on the day. The research had important actual significance for prevention of geological disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impacts of rural-urban migrant parents' support in education on their children's social integration in urban public schools in China. The data come from a nationally representative sample of 1615 rural-urban migrant children collected in 2014. We identified great variations in migrant children's social integration in schools. Migrant children with a good study environment and strict parental supervision at home have a stronger sense of belonging to the school and heightened socialisation with urban peers. The impacts remain highly significant after student, family and school-level confounders and class and school-level unobserved heterogeneity are all controlled for in the analysis. However, there is no evidence to suggest that communication with teachers leads to better integration. Social integration of migrant children also varies by gender, academic competence and school composition. These findings inform the design of policy interventions. • Significant association between parental support and social integration of migrant children in urban public schools • A good study environment and effective supervision at home improve migrant children's sense of belonging and socialisation with urban peers. • Social integration of migrant children varies by gender, academic competence and school composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western research has shown that working long hours have detrimental effect on health. This paper examines the relationship between long working hours and self-rated health in Chinese cities, using data from a large-scale questionnaire survey in Beijing. The results show that individuals who report long working hours are more likely to report poor health. Migrant workers who report long working hours are more likely to report poor health than urban workers. We also find that the relationship between long working hours and self-rated health varies by occupation. Additional results provide an insight into the contextualized dependent nature of the interaction effect of commuting time and long working hours on self-rated health. • Individuals who report long working hours are more likely to report poor health. • The relationship between long working hours and self-rated health varies by occupation. • There is an interaction effect of commuting time and long working hours on self-rated health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]