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The new disease entity, hypokalemic flabbiness, is an endemic and epidemic hypokalemic paralytic disease found in recent twenty years mainly in certain rural districts in China where cotton is produced. We have carried out extensive investigations and deep-going research work on it for more than ten years. The following preliminary conclusions were drawn: (1) This disease does not belong to the group of well known hypokalemic paralysis of different origins (such as hypokalemic periodic paralysis and Cohn’s disease, etc.). It refers to a new clinical entity which was first discovered and described in China. Up to the present it has not yet been reported in medical literature abroad. (2) Its etiology is very closely related to the gossypol in the raw cotton seed oil usually taken by the inhabitants living in the endemic areas. (3) Pathologically and pathophysiologically, there are evidences of renal tubular damage and renal tubular acidosis, and the loss of body potassium is via kidney. Allergic reaction may presumably take part in the pathogenesis of this disease.