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This study investigated the prevalence of intention to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately among people living with HIV (PLWH) in China and associated perceptions toward ART based on behavioral theories. The study was initiated after the launch of an expanded ART strategy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 PLWH who were ART naive in the city of Guangzhou, China, from June 2016 to February 2017. Among the participants, 311 (69.1%) showed intention to start ART immediately. The summary logistic regression analysis indicated that intention to start ART immediately was significantly associated with perceived severity [multivariate odds ratios (ORm) = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.15–2.28, p < 0.01], perceived barriers (ORm=0.56, 95%CI = 0.38–0.84, p < 0.01), self-efficacy (ORm=2.90, 95%CI = 2.05–4.09, p < 0.001), and subjective norms (ORm=1.95, 95%CI = 1.17–3.25, p < 0.05). The intention to start ART immediately among PLWH in Guangzhou was below the 90-90-90 target. Further promotion research should focus on these perceptional factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiyear inventories of vehicular emissions in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou from 1995 through 2005 have been developed in this paper to study the vehicle emissions trends in China''s mega cities during the past decade. The results show that the vehicular emissions of CO, HC, NO x and PM10 have begun to slow their growth rates and perhaps even to decline in recent years due to the implementation of measures to control vehicular emissions in these cities. However, vehicular CO2 emissions have substantially increased and still continue to grow due to little fuel economy improvement. Passenger cars and large vehicles (including heavy duty trucks and buses) are the major sources of vehicular CO2 and CO emissions while large vehicles were responsible for nearly 70% and 80% of the vehicular NO x and PM10 emissions in these mega cities. Motorcycles are also important contributors to vehicular emissions in Guangzhou and Shanghai. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights • Game theory is used to explain why China choose strategy of cooperation rather than competition in international affairs. • Cooperation strategy on development assistance to Africa is more likely a rational choice for both China and Japan. • This analytical framework can be applied to other international affairs involving China and other countries. Abstract Still influenced by the cold war thinking, many countries – especially looking to new rising powers – might interact in the international scenario through competition, instead than cooperation. However, China has seen more opportunities in cooperation than challenges in competition. Since 2013, Chinese president Xi Jinping pointed out clearly in various public occasions that this world has become a community of common destiny. In this paper, we used an asymmetric dynamic evolution game model, adding the hypothesis of win-win game, to analyze why China would like to choose the strategy of cooperation, rather than competition, in international affairs. We applied this analytical framework to the case study of Chinese and Japanese environmental assistance programs to Africa. We found that, based on the traditional game theory, under the hypothesis of the cold war mentality, China and Japan may act as mutual rivals. Under this circumstance, China, as an emerging developing country, will more likely choose the strategy of competition, rather than cooperating with other countries. Instead, Japan, as a traditional developed country, will more likely choose to cooperate, rather than competing with China, especially if the expected cost of the failure of the competition is high. However, in the new hypothesis of win-win game analysis, we found that cooperation strategy on development assistance to Africa is more likely a rational choice for both China and Japan. Thus, we suggest that China might keep practicing its win-win strategy and do not use the outdated zero-sum game and winner-take-all strategy as some of its counterparts may probably do. This analytical framework can be applied to other international affairs involving China and other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]