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The cornerstone of Chile’s impressive fiscal performance and strong fiscal system has been its structural balance rule. It has helped to insulate public spending from copper price cycles and improve the government’s net financial position. Chile should adopt a full-fledged medium-term fiscal framework to improve fiscal planning and provide a framework for addressing temporary deviations from the fiscal rule. Publishing additional fiscal indicators in the budget, such as the non-copper structural balance, could provide more comprehensive information on the impact of fiscal policy on the domestic demand.

This Selected Issues paper for Chile describes the postcrisis recovery experience. The recovery from the 2008–2009 global crisis has been markedly different both among advanced and emerging economies. The steady improvement in the labor wedge-distortions related to the consumption leisure decision helped support the recovery. In Chile, the growth generated by this improvement, was sufficient to overcome the relatively weak performance of efficiency (TFP). Chile’s recovery has been characterized by strong investment growth, 0.8 percentage points higher than the precrisis trend. The establishment of the Financial Stability Council in 2011 is an important step to ensure close coordination among the institutions involved in Chile’s financial prudential framework.

Este artículo propone una caracterización de las formas en que la generación postdictadura (nacida al final o después de la dictadura) en Chile se relacionó con el pasado reciente del país. Estas formas tienen que ver con la transmisión del trauma y memoria de la represión, así como con los efectos sociales en los jóvenes del sistema económico y político legado por la dictadura. Se presenta una síntesis de fuentes primarias (entrevistas, prensa, literatura y encuestas) y secundarias para plantear la necesidad de considerar la relevancia de la posmemoria en la politización de una parte de esta generación. En última instancia se llama la atención sobre la relevancia social de la posmemoria, más allá de los estudios de transmisión directa a la segunda o tercera generación de víctimas. This paper puts forward a characterization of the ways in which the post-dictatorship generation in Chile (those born at the end of, or after the dictatorship) entered into contact with their country’s recent past. Those ways were related to the memories of repression and the transmission of the trauma. They were also linked to the social effects on the young ones of the economic and political systems inherited from the dictatorship. A synthesis of both primary sources (interviews, press, literature and surveys) and secondary ones is rendered. This is done with a view to setting out the need for further consideration of the relevance of postmemory in the context of youth politicization. Finally, the paper pays attention to the social relevance of postmemory beyond research on direct transmission to the second or the third generations of victims.

Early in 2020, an unexpected and hazardous situation occurred threatening and challenging all of humankind. A new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, China, and its related disease, called COVID-19, has induced one of the most dangerous crises at a global level since World War II. The ultra-fast transmission rate of the virus and the high mortality rate led the World Health Organization (WHO) to officially declare the situation a pandemic. Governments, for their part, were forced to implement unprecedented mobility restrictions and cease a large part of their economic activities. These facts triggered multiple reactions from people who expressed their feelings mainly through social networks (like Twitter), using them as vectors of information and opinion. In this paper, a study carried out in different Spanish speaking countries (Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Spain) is presented, which addresses the manner in which the evolution of the pandemic outbreak has affected the emotions expressed by individuals on Twitter over the last 13 months (from March 2020 to March 2021). We used a total of 3 million tweets to achieve this task. We made use of a well-known framework called EmoWeb to capture the dynamic variation in the sentimental value of pandemic-related words. The results reflect to what degree the pandemic and its derived problems have influenced and affected the population of the selected countries in different ways. The outcomes also illustrate the evolution over time of opinions published on Twitter regarding several topics related to COVID-19.

This paper examines the sources of growth in Chile and compares Chile’s experience with that of other countries. Two alternative measures of the sources of growth for Chile are presented to facilitate comparisons with other studies. The first measure adjusts factor inputs for the degree of utilization (using the unemployment rate), and the second measure introduces an index of the quality of factor inputs. The paper presents estimates of potential output of Chile for 1971–95, and also discusses the projections of potential output growth for Chile over the medium term.

This text examines the different stages of women’s access to higher education in Chile throughout the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It inquires into the reflections that emerged on the need to educate women in Latin America, examines the scientific development of women in Chilean universities and It investigates the debates that emerged in the Chilean society regarding to the entry of women in the University. The paper also makes a reflexion about the problems that women had to face they made the decision to enter in the university. El texto examina las diferentes etapas que tuvo el acceso de las mujeres a la educación superior en Chile, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Indaga en las reflexiones que emergieron a propósito de la necesidad de educar a las mujeres en América Latina. Examina el desarrollo científico femenino en las universidades chilenas. Explora en los debates que se generaron en la sociedad chilena, a propósito del ingreso de las mujeres a la Universidad. Reflexiona sobre los problemas que debieron afrontar las mujeres que decidieron ingresar a la universidad.

Two unidentified graves were found during construction of a new crypt at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Santiago, Chile. One of the bodies was sent to the Teaching Hospital of the University of Chile for forensic identification. The fully mummified corpse was suspected to be that of Diego Portales, a prominent Chilean politician who was assassinated in 1837. The condition of the corpse determined that the best way to establish a positive identification was by means of a multislice CT scan, since the body had been autopsied and embalmed using unknown substances. This paper presents the results of the virtual autopsy of the remains and compares these results with the original autopsy report of 1837. The embalming method is also discussed, based on chemical analysis using inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-CVAAS).

El tema que aborda este trabajo es la construcción de subjetividades a través de una razón dialógica en la elaboración de politicas públicas por parte del Estado de Chile, en el ámbito de la interculturalidad y la expresión que ello tiene en la enseñanza de la historia, especificamente en la educación básica en las zonas de alta concentración de estudiantes de origen étnico aymara. Metodológicamente se aplica un análisis estructural con la finalidad de dar cuenta de las percepciones de los actores principales de una escuela, con el fin de indagar en la inconsistencia que se pueden estar generando con el Convenio 169 de la OIT. The topic which deals with this paper is the construction of subjectivities through a dialogic reason in the elaboration of public policies by Chile, in the field of interculturality and the expression that it has in the teaching of history, specifically on basic education in the areas of high concentration of students from Aymará ethnic groups. Methodologically a structural analysis is applied in order to give an account of the perceptions of the main actors in a school, and thus investigate the inconsistency that can be generated with the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention N°169.

This paper focuses on key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Observance of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Transparency in Monetary and Financial Policies on Chile. The assessment reveals a high degree of compliance with the Transparency Code, including in the objectives and responsibilities of the central bank. The target and instrument autonomy of the Central Bank of Chile is strong by virtue of being enshrined in the constitution. The process for monetary policy formulation, implementation, and communication is highly transparent.

This paper highlights key findings of the Financial System Stability Assessment, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Banking Supervision, and Securities Regulation for Chile. The assessment reveals the Chilean banking system to be sound, resilient to shocks, and well supervised. Banks are well capitalized, profitable, internationally integrated, and have relatively low nonperforming loans. Stress tests indicate that they would absorb sizable macroeconomic shocks with only a moderate impact on their solvency. Although bank competition remains limited, it has increased significantly in recent years.

The Selected Issues paper discusses measures taken by the Chilean government to record moderate economic growth in 2012. The easing of fiscal stance and tightening of expenditure have proved to prevent a decline in the economy. The authorities have estimated retaining a favorable economic environment to mitigate financial risks. Banks have been asked to maintain high levels of liquidity and capital to meet expansion needs. The Executive Board has commended Chilean authorities’ efforts for macrofinancial stability and management of funds.