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Pneumonia is a significant cause of death for children, particularly those in developing countries. The records of children who were hospitalized because of pneumonia between January 2003 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed, and patients who met the recurrent pneumonia criteria were included in this study. During this 13-year period, 1395 patients were hospitalized with pneumonia; of these, 129 (9.2%) met the criteria for recurrent pneumonia. Underlying diseases were detected in 95 (73.6%) patients, with aspiration syndrome (21.7%) being the most common. Rhinovirus (30.5%), adenovirus (17.2%) and respiratory syncytial virus (13.9%) were the most frequent infectious agents. These results demonstrate that underlying diseases can cause recurrent pneumonia in children. Viruses are also commonly seen in recurrent pneumonia. Appropriate treatments should be chosen based on an analysis of the underlying disease, the patient's clinical condition and the laboratory and radiological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After bone marrow aspiration procedure; some complications like pain and bleeding at the puncture site may be expected but some serious complications like osteomyelitis and soft tissue infections may also rarely occur. In this case we present a boy with recurrent fever. During etiologic investigation, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) gene M694V mutation was +/+. Patient was treated with oral colchicine however fever persisted. The patient was considered as colchicine resistant FMF and steroid treatment was planned. Bone marrow aspiration procedure was executed to rule out malignancy. Three months after bone marrow aspiration, he was readmitted with complaint of left pelvic pain, difficulty in walking without support and standing on his left foot. Radiological imaging demonstrated left iliopsoas abscess and left sacroiliac osteomyelitis. Patient was successfully treated with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam and clindamycin treatment for 6 weeks. Then oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment was continued for 2 weeks. Patient was discharged without any surgical procedure. On 1-year follow-up he could walk without any support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental lesions are commonly seen in children with malignancy. We report a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had black-brown dental lesion during the febrile neutropenic episode. Histopathological examination of dental lesion showed fungal hyphae and conidia. F. pedrosoi that was isolated from the tissue culture. The patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B therapy for 5 weeks and he was discharged on oral voriconazole. On follow-up, clinical symptoms recovered. Although F. pedrosoi may be an unusual causative agent of dental infection and maxillary osteomyelitis, it should be considered in patient with black-brown lesions which do not respond to antibacterial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]